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Amazing plant

And I. (Nigricantes) belongs to blackening I. (

The choice of planting material

), Medium or tall shrub; branches are rod-shaped, glabrous; leaves are glabrous, long, narrow, serrate along the edge; stipules semi-heart-shaped, rather large; stamens 3; a box on a leg is 2-3 times longer than a piece of iron. It is often found in damp forests, along the banks of rivers, ponds, especially on sandy soil. Two varieties of this species are ubiquitous: a discolor Koch. and β concolor Koch.

II. Leaves on both sides are glabrous, bluish-green underneath, blackening when dry, broadly ovate ... 7. Blackening (Nigricantes). Salix polaris

• Aspen leaf beetle
• Willows, planted at intervals of 1.5–2 m, form a high hedge, and in two rows - a shady alley. The alley of white weeping willow is especially beautiful when the trees close their crowns. To do this, already in the second or third year after planting, branches directed towards each other are intertwined at a height of 2.5–3 m or connected by ablating. Ablactation is a grafting method used to connect the shoots of one or different plants without cutting them off. True, this method requires special skills, so the easiest way is to braid the branches by fixing both tops with a thin plastic tape. After the branches are closed, a green openwork tunnel is obtained. And if there is no place for an alley in the garden, then you can limit yourself to a green arch at the entrance - just two trees.

Most willows are small trees 10-15 m or shrubs, but there are willows 30-40 m high and more than 0.5 m in diameter.

The goat willow Kilmarnock is a miniature, standard tree up to 1.5 m high. The branches are long, deeply drooping, stretching to the very ground. The shape of the crown is weeping, in the form of an umbrella. Blooms in April. Flowers - silvery, numerous, yellow earrings with a pleasant aroma. Leaves are elliptical, long, up to 11-18 cm long and 5-8 cm wide, dark green above, grayish below. The edge of the leaf is unevenly serrated.

It is recommended to start pruning a tree from the first year of life. All shoots are cut, leaving only 15 cm each and one healthy bud, which should look up. This is the beginning of the formation of a correct and beautiful willow crown. Mature trees also need pruning, but do so after flowering. To keep the willow thick, all shoots are shortened by 2/3 of the total length. Do not forget that all dry and diseased branches are removed immediately. As a result, you should have a tent-shaped tree with strong, healthy and beautiful shoots. Few people know about such a plant as the goat willow Pendula. Planting and caring for it is very simple. And first, it's worth telling what kind of plant it is, and why it is grown.

S. nigricans Fr.

How to raise a weeping beauty?

B. Low shrubs growing on high mountains or peat meadows and marshes; branches are thin, bare; box on the leg.

1. ), Willow herb (
2. ... The appearance and biology of the aspen leaf beetle are similar to those of the poplar. The beetle is slightly smaller than the poplar beetle (7-10 mm long) and does not have black spots on the elytra.
3. Shrub willows (twisted, purple, Caspian) are excellent material for hedges. They will both shade and at the same time decorate a playground or playground. But no less picturesque are the bushes, simply planted in a row or in several clumps along the garden path. And how interesting dwarf or weeping willows look in rockeries, especially if a stream is streaming nearby or a small fountain beats. However, a lone willow on a wide lawn, surrounded by flowering ornamental shrubs or in the company of conifers, whose prickly beauty only benefits from such a contrast, is also impressive.
4. In cold countries, willows grow far to the north, such are the very undersized dwarf willows: Blunt willow (
5. Leaves are slightly wrinkled, oblong - elliptical, green. Turn yellow in autumn. The root system is shallow and sensitive to flooding.
6. The earrings are thick, large, 30-40 mm long. Male earrings are wide, oval or oblong, up to 6 cm. Female ones are cylindrical, dense, multi-flowered, up to 10 cm long.

For proper and timely care, the willow will thank you with its amazing flowering. It is worth fighting not only with branches, but also with diseases, various pests.

Plant care

Goat willow is a type of tree that is grown for garden decoration. This plant looks the same as its great friend, only its height does not exceed 1.5 meters. The drooping crown consists of green leaves with white patches. In some countries, this tree has a different name - delirium. Goat willow can be found along roads, on forest edges or in the mountains. Likes to grow on damp soils, mainly near various bodies of water. If you want to decorate your garden with something interesting, then the goat willow Pendula is perfect for this. Planting and caring for a tree is not difficult, but first we will figure out how to choose the right plant.

• ), A tall shrub, with serrate or wavy-serrate leaves, ash below, and dark green above, blackening when dry. The leg of the capsule is three times as long as the glandular. It grows throughout Russia, except in the southeast.
• Third group
• Aa. Shrubs of high mountains; leaves are glabrous, elliptical, lanceolate or ovate.
• Salix herbacea
• Willow leafworm

There are more than 350 species of willows in the world of various shapes and sizes - from mighty twenty-meter giants to a creeping shrub several centimeters high. More than a hundred of them are in our country (only in the middle lane there are about 20 species).

Nothing extra

Salix retusa

Goat willow Kilmarnock is photophilous, frost-hardy, wind-resistant. The soil is not whimsical. Grows on loamy and light substrates with a low lime content, sensitive to moisture. With excessive soil moisture, the roots located in the surface layer can rot. Grow a tree in a well-lit area.

Let's be treated!

The fruit is a capsule, 7-8 cm, on a fluffy petiole. Each box contains up to 18 seeds. The seeds are equipped with fluffy flies, so they are easily carried by the wind over long distances, and quickly lose their germination.

If you decide to grow something in your garden that cannot be seen in everyone, then the goat willow Pendula is ideal for you. Diseases and pests are the only things that can darken the cultivation, but you can also fight ailments.

1. Arriving at the nursery, you should know exactly what to look for in order to buy a tree such as the Pendula goat willow. Planting and care will depend directly on the quality of the seedlings. We invite you to explore our following tips:
2. And I. (Purpureae) belongs to yellowweed (
3. Α. Leaves are leathery, elliptical or ovate ... 8. Lancet (Hastatae).

Finally

) And others.

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Goat willow

... Most often it affects the rod-shaped willow. The caterpillars of the leafworm roll up the tops of the leaves into a dense cocoon and eat the top of the shoot. The shoot is bushy, which is why it loses its technical qualities.the form is silvery

), Willow reticulated ( Goat willow bark contains tannins used in tanning. Thin leather, intended for the manufacture of gloves, as well as morocco are made with the tanning extract of the bark of this tree. The bark is also valued in folk medicine. It is astringent, antipyretic, wound healing, choleretic and sedative. A decoction of the bark is used for colds and rheumatism, diseases of the spleen and gallbladder.

The goat willow blooms in April, before the leaves open. Duration of flowering is 10-13 days. Bears fruit in May. Hardy, not demanding on the soil. Goat willow photo Let's consider what pests and diseases the willow is exposed to:

Advice 1. Eighth group

S. purpurea E.Β. The leaves are thin, almost heart-shaped, on the underside of the retina-nerve ... 9. Blueberry (Myrtilloides).

Their interspecific hybrids are often found. Various types of willow are called: willow, willow, shelyuga, rakita (large trees and shrubs, mainly in the western regions of the European part of Russia); vine, vine (shrub species); tal, talnik (mostly shrub species, in the eastern regions of the European part, in Siberia and Central Asia).

... The tallest (up to 10–12 m) and the most unpretentious of the decorative willows. It got its name due to the spectacular silvery color of the leaves. Magnificent in parks - against the background of dense dark green foliage of large trees: horse chestnut, elm, linden. And planted in the background (along the fence), these willows, with their silvery foliage, emphasize the beauty of red-leaved maples, plums, barberries or the dark needles of mountain pine and yew. Salix reticulata

In addition, goat willow bark contains biologically active compounds: flavones, tannins, glycosides, vitamins, and minerals. Fresh willow leaves are applied to calluses to soften them. With tuberculosis of the joints, baths are made with an infusion of willow leaves. Male inflorescences in the form of alcoholic infusion or water broth help with neuroses and disorders of the cardiovascular system.Goat willow is not demanding on the soil, so planting can be done in any substrate. Prefers light, fresh loams. High lime content should be avoided. The root system of the tree is shallow, tolerates planting of a near-trunk circle, but is sensitive to soil moisture. The tree is hardy, but young individuals may suffer from the first frost. Since the plant is photophilous, it should be planted in well-lit places protected from the wind. Caring for goat willow consists in the timely removal of wild growth that forms under the vaccination site. Ornamental trees are regularly pruned to a height of 30-60 cm.

Description of goat willow tree

Willow leaf roll. Harms the tree at the larval or caterpillar stage. To get rid of the insect, you can spray the willow with chemicals that are available in specialized stores.

Specify how the scion was obtained. Today there are two main methods:

(Hastatae) belong to S. hastata L., S. grabra Scop. etc.

), Shrub with purple or yellow, thin, flexible, shiny branches; the leaves of this I. are lanceolate, glabrous, dark green above, gray-green below, dull. The capsule is ovoid; sedentary, hairy. Anthers are reddish at first, then blackish. This I. grows along the banks of rivers and is often bred.

Bb. Shrubs of swamps and peat meadows; the leaves are linear-lanceolate, their underside is mostly silvery-white, tomentose, the leaves turn black at the end ... 10. Creeping (Repentes).

Due to the ability to give adventitious roots, willows are easily propagated by cuttings and even stakes (with the exception of Salix caprea - delirium, or goat willow). Seeds lose their germination within a few days; only the five-grained willow (

... It sucks out juice from leaves, buds, young shoots. Gives 10 generations a year.

Weeping shape

Planting goat willow and tree care

), Willow herb (

For stomatitis and gum disease, a decoction of the bark is used to rinse the mouth. Also, goat willow is an effective remedy for excessive sweating. To normalize the work of the sweat glands, a decoction of the bark is taken orally.

Goat willow on a trunk: height and pruning for shape

Goat willow is planted in early spring. In order for the plant to take root faster, the branches are placed in a container with water. Ready cuttings are planted in open ground. Before planting, you need to dig a shallow hole. Mix the excavated soil with compost. Place the seedling in the groove, tamp the soil. Water the planting site with plenty of water. Watering young seedlings should be done 2-3 times a week. Adults do not need regular watering.

Flower fly. To begin with, it is worth finding a place where the larvae live. Remove the top layer of soil, if they are located there, then you will immediately find them. You can remove flies by watering the soil with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. If it does not help, then insecticides will come to the rescue.

Pruning;

To

To

In. Low, very branched shrubs growing on high mountains; branches are short, gnarled; capsule with very short stalk ... 11. Upland (Frigidae).

Salix pentandra

Spider mite

... The tree is 5–7 m high, with a very beautiful crown, cascading down, and long (up to 2–3 m) branches dropping almost to the ground. Undemanding to the soil, winter-hardy, moisture-loving. It tolerates shade, but in the absence of the sun, the crown is not so thick and not so decorative. Weeping willow is good both on its own and in a small group of trees, especially along the banks of water bodies. It is ideally combined with flowering and decorative deciduous shrubs and low conifers: thuja, juniper, cypress.

Salix herbacea

Willow preparations are not recommended to be taken during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as along with aspirin, laxatives and vitamins. ... The willow on the trunk is used to decorate the garden area. It does not take up much space and is not whimsical to care for. In order for the standard tree to retain its shape and height for a long time, constant and correct pruning of branches is necessary.

Powdery mildew. This is a representative of a fungal disease that multiplies at a high rate. Timely need to remove bad leaves. You can spray with a drug, the action of which is aimed at combating fungal diseases. It is recommended to replace some of the soil under the tree.

Goat willow Pedula (Pendula)

Ninth group

Fourth group

B) Earrings appear on branches developing from the apical buds of last year's shoots. Dwarf I., growing very high on the mountains and in the polar regions ... 12. Glacial (Glaciales).

) The seeds remain viable until next spring.

... Appears on the underside of the leaf and sucks out the juice. With severe damage, the leaves turn brown and fall off. In summer, the mite is greenish-yellow in color, by autumn it acquires a reddish-orange color. It hibernates under bark, fallen leaves and in soil (at the stage of an adult female).

Goat willow weeping

White willow, or silvery willow, Willow. © Willow

Goat willow spherical: photo and description

), Polar willow (

Goat willow wood is used as a construction, ornamental material and material for the manufacture of furniture and household items. It also serves as fuel. Branches are the material for creating hedges. Leafy branches are used to feed livestock, especially goats and sheep. Bredina leaves are used as a surrogate for tea. In the Caucasus, an intoxicating drink is made from the male earrings of this tree.

The most common variety of goat willow used for the trunk is Pendula. The result is a nice little tree with vertically hanging branches.

Goat willow Kilmarnock

Black spot. To avoid it, it is necessary to reduce the contact of leaves with water. It is sometimes difficult to do this outdoors, so choose places where the breeze will constantly blow the willow. Timely weeding from weeds and removing debris under the tree helps to fight black spots.

Based on this information, you can schedule further tree care.

(Myrtilloides) belong to the blueberry I. (

Application of goat willow

And I. (Pruinosae) belongs to the red willow (

Willow wood is very light and soft, rots quickly, and is used for many crafts. In treeless areas, willow is used as a building material. The twigs of some shrubby willows (twig-shaped, purple or yellowwort, three-stalked and others) are used for weaving baskets, making furniture, and other things.

Bindweed

Spherical shape

Salix polaris

Goat willow is considered an excellent honey plant, valuable for beekeeping. Bees take nectar, pollen, honeydew, sticky excretions from the buds from the tree, which the bees turn into propolis.

To obtain an oval spherical crown, the goat willow variety "Mas" is used.

I would like to say that it is not in vain that many people choose and master planting and caring for such an amazing and beautiful plant like the goat willow Pendula. Reviews show that the tree is in demand and is considered the most unpretentious. Do not be afraid either. Buy, grow and enjoy your willow!

Tip 2.

Photo gallery: goat willow (click on the picture to enlarge):

udec.ru

S. myrtilloides L.

S. daphnoides Villd. First group The leafy branches of the Willow are used as food for animals, especially goats and sheep. ... A weed that is harmful to willow plantations, especially in the first year of life. The bindweed twines around the twig, leaving traces of spirals on the bark and even on the wood, causing the twigs to break during operation. Shoot growth stops.... The crown is very dense, regular spherical or domed. The tree is multi-stemmed, sometimes reaching a height of 7 m. It does not freeze even in cold winters. It is magnificent both in single and in group plantings, it can serve as a good background for other ornamental plants. A small clump or line of such willows is especially picturesque on the shore of the reservoir. Rakita is also used as a hedge.

The branches of delirium during the flowering period serve as a decoration for the room, and where there is no real pussy willow, they are used in Easter ceremonies.

Serves as a stock: Botanical name: If the second method was used, then carefully examine the vaccination site. The presence of dead scales on the bark is not allowed. The trunk should be straight and strong. ), Shrubs of peat bogs in central and northern Russia. Its leaves are ovoid or oblong-ovate, glabrous, dull, with a prominent network of veins, similar to blueberry leaves., Shelyuga or reddish). This is the same willow that is distributed in churches on Palm Sunday. It grows in southern and central Russia along sandy hills, along river banks and is often bred. A tree up to 10 meters in height or a tall, straight shrub. The branches are cherry-red, covered with a thin, bluish waxy bloom as if moldy. Leaves linear-lanceolate, sharp, toothed, with glands, glabrous; stipules are semi-heart-shaped or lanceolate. The box is naked, sedentary. Two varieties are known: α praecox Norre and β acutifola Villd. Red willow is often bred in our south to strengthen the flying sands. Willows (Fragiles) belong to the following willows of our flora. The bark of many willows (for example, gray, goat, white) is used for tanning leather. The bark of some species contains the glycoside salicin, which has medicinal value.

European dodder

Willow brittle, or Rakita ‘Bullata’ variety. © Kymi

Low-growing willows grow in the mountains Grassy willow ( The bark is harvested before the willow blossoms, during sap flow. The bark removed from the tree is dried in the sun and dried in the oven. The finished raw material should not bend, it becomes hard and brittle. Store the dried bark in a box. Shelf life is 4 years. Willow red Goat willow or Bredina (Selix carrea), a species of the willow genus, willow family. Tip 3. To To Belaya I. ( Many species are decorative, for example hemp willow (

Baskets are woven from the twigs of this tree, different in shape and purpose. A thin willow twig combines flexibility and resilience. From the peeled rods, craftsmen make small products that are convenient for picking berries, and large baskets with which you can go picking mushrooms. Neither mushrooms nor berries crumple in them. For harvesting potatoes, special baskets made of willow twigs are used, which are called "potato" baskets. There are wicker products for storing papers, there are also flower baskets, they are used to decorate the festive table.

Shaggy willow

Homeland of goat willow: Buy only goat willow that has increased winter hardiness. Tenth group Fifth group S. alba L.

Care

Salix viminalis

Willow wolf

... Very spectacular, with weeping shoots, located in a “tent” on the top of a small, usually one and a half meter stem. Recently, it has become popular thanks to the foreign planting material that has appeared in our country. In good light, the tree forms a narrow tent-shaped crown with shoots hanging vertically downward, sometimes to the very ground. In the spring, they are densely covered with fluffy flowers, turning the trees into large dandelions. It hardly grows upward, exceeding the height of the trunk by only 30–40 cm. It is planted in groups. But one tree is also beautiful against the background of plants with a different shade of foliage or at the bends of garden paths. They take care of the goat willow in the same way as for any standard grafted plant. First of all, it is necessary to remove in time the wild growth that forms on the stem under the grafting site (below the bases of the weeping shoots at the top of the stem), otherwise the grafted part may die off. Since this type of willow is not very winter-hardy, it should be planted in well-lit and wind-protected areas. In the northern suburbs, it is better to cover the grafted part of the seedling for the winter by wrapping it in several layers of non-woven. When planting, standard plants must be tied to three stakes in order to maintain verticality.

) And others that reach the very snowy border. Polar and high-mountain willows - low-growing creeping dwarf shrubs - up to several centimeters in height.

Breadbins, candy bowls, rusks and other items of kitchen utensils are weaved from the vine. A beautifully woven vase will decorate any table, both ceremonial and everyday. One-year and two-year willow shoots are suitable for weaving baskets - long and thin.

Creeping willow

Europe.

How to decorate a willow garden

Creeping I. (Repentes) belong to the creeping talnik (

And I. (Viminales) belongs to basket I. (

- willow, willow, willow, vine). One of the largest and fastest growing species; these are trees reaching up to 35 arsh. height and up to 16-18 vershoks in diameter. Leaves are lanceolate, finely toothed, yellowish-green above, and almost white below with thick yellowish-white hairs; stipules lanceolate; capsule ovate-elongated, pedunculated, glabrous; ovary leg of the same length with a piece of iron; stamens 2; branched branches, flexible; the bark falls off with scales. Belaya I. is extremely widespread in central and southern Russia (its northern border runs through the Petersburg province to Kazan and the Urals at 56 °). Its wood is soft, light, and extremely viscous, which is why it finds a variety of uses (it goes on hoops, stakes, arcs; the best pit arches are prepared from this I.). Two varieties of white H. are often bred in gardens -

Types, varieties and forms of willow

White willow (willow)

• ... The butterfly is 20-25 mm long with white wings. Caterpillars are shaggy, yellow-blue with red dots. Goat willow, cultivar 'Pendula'. © baumschule
• Their interspecific hybrids are often found. Various types of willow, as already noted, are called: willow, willow, shelyuga, rakita (large trees and shrubs, mainly in the western regions of the European part of Russia); vine, vine (shrub species); tal, willow (mostly shrub species, in the eastern regions of the European part, in Siberia and Central Asia) Without requiring special attention to itself, the willow fully responds to the care shown - a lush crown, graceful bend of weeping branches and a light silver haze of leaves ...

Whole-leaved willow

Willow brittle (raquita)

• Lighting: So, if you decide to make the site interesting, the goat willow Pendula is considered an excellent option. Planting and leaving, the photo of which is shown below, testifies to its uniqueness. Let's take a closer look at the nuances of landing.

S. repens L.

Goat willow

• S. viminalis L. S. vitellina L.

Willow is used to strengthen sands (shelyuga, Caspian willow), canal banks, ditches, dam slopes (white willow, brittle willow), in anti-erosion plantations in forest-steppe and steppe regions (white, brittle, twig-like), for shelter and roadside forest belts on wetter soils.

Willow twisting

• Mouse rodents Matsuda uniform
• Willow of Babylon. © sjg bloom Willow (

Standard willow looks good in a single planting, on an alpine slide, in a garden and on the shore of a reservoir.

Whole-leaved willow

• Photophilous, shade-tolerant. Willow grows on any soil. She is considered one of the few representatives of unpretentious plants. If you want to choose the perfect place for your tree, then medium loam will do. Even close groundwater does not prevent the plant from fully developing. Next, we land according to the following algorithm:

), Low shrub with an underground stem and thin branches; the leaves of this I. from below are silky-tomentose or silvery-gray, linear-lanceolate, small, pointed; stipules lanceolate. Earrings are almost spherical or shortly cylindrical, red-brown. It grows in swamps, less often along river banks, everywhere in central Russia. Several varieties are known; α rosmarinifolia L. is a low shrub with linear or lanceolate-linear leaves.

Purple willow

• , Whitewashed, vine). This willow, together with

, Yellow, or gold, I. (the bark on young branches is bright yellow, the branches are unusually flexible - go to weaving baskets, etc.), and S. argentea L. - silver I. (leaves on both sides are silvery white).

Caspian willow

• Below is a table of the division of willows into several groups and a description of our most important and interesting species.

- harm the roots and gnaw planted cuttings.

The main pests of willows and control measures

... Golden spiral shoots with slightly curled leaves give it a special charm. Like any beauty, Matsuda's willow is very capricious. A foreigner, she does not tolerate Russian frosts: in the Moscow region and more northern regions, in severe winters, she freezes up to the level of snow, so she needs to be covered. This willow is planted only in well-lighted places, well protected from the wind. But even under ideal conditions in the Moscow region, the plant height rarely exceeds 3–3.5 m.

• Due to the ability to give adventitious roots, willows are easily propagated by cuttings and even stakes (with the exception of Salix
• Goat willow grows in deciduous, broad-leaved, mixed and coniferous forests, on forest edges, along roads, around water bodies. Distributed in Europe, the Caucasus, Western and Central Asia. Soil:
• We prepare a pit measuring 50 * 50 * 40 cm (width, length, depth). To
• S. amygdalina Lomkaya I. (
• A) Earrings appear on leafy or leafless branches that have developed from lateral buds of last year's shoots. © Roni Tree
• Ural twisted Salix caprea
• ) - trees and shrubs of the willow family ( Tree pests:
• Sandy, marshy, fertile, gravelly. We add compost, humus, peat there. Everything should be in equal proportions.
• Eleventh group, Often forms coastal willows, willows, or willows. A shrub with thin flexible branches covered with long narrow pointed leaves, the edges of which are slightly curved inward. Leaves are whole-edged and white-tomentose below. The capsule is hairy, sessile. It blooms before the leaves appear. In Russia, it is found from Vologda to the southern steppes. Flexible annual rods are used for weaving.

S. fragilis L.

1. Bracts of the same color, namely yellow-green; appear simultaneously with leaf spreading.

For a long time, willow bark has been used as an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent. But the beneficial properties of the plant are not limited to this. Suffice it to mention that salicylic acid - the active ingredient in aspirin - takes its name from the Latin word salix - willow.

... No less attractive than Matsuda, but better adapted to the Russian climate. The tree is low (up to 3.5 m), but very decorative, and at any time of the year. Its spiral shoots are greenish-gray in color and appear glossy brown in the sun. Regardless of the season, it tolerates pruning and trimming, so it is suitable for hedges. Thanks to its twisted shoots and twisted “curly” leaves, this willow is pleasing to the eye both by itself and surrounded by other willow trees - delirium, or goat willow). Seeds lose their germination within a few days; only in the five-headed willow (Salicaceae

botanichka.ru

Weeping Willow is ... What is Weeping Willow?

Botanical description

Willow leaf roll, flower fly.

Watering:

Don't forget mineral fertilizer. It is enough to pour about 300 grams of it per plant root.

Spreading

And I. (Frigidae) belongs to the Lapland I. (

), Also a tree of rather large or medium height, with a wide, spreading top. Fully developed leaves are completely naked, pointed, coarsely toothed, shiny above, pale green below; stipules are semi-heart-shaped; stamens 2; capsule ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, pedunculated; the leg of the ovary is 2-5 times longer than the glandular. The branches are very brittle (hence the name). This I. is distributed mainly in central and southern Russia everywhere, near dwellings; the use is negligible (for fuel).

A. Bracts fall off after flowering; stamens 1, 2, 5 or 10; mostly trees, in which branches are easily separated from the stem at the point of their attachment ... 1. Fragiles. In addition, willow is a wonderful honey plant, its fluffy flowers, gray with yellow stamens, are unusually rich in nectar. And from flexible willow shoots weave strong baskets and make light furniture. Looking forward to your advice! Willow branches of Matsuda, cultivar 'Tortuosa'. © baumschule Salix pentandra). Popular name: willow, willow, shelyuga, rakita, vine, willow, talnik.

Diseases:

Moderate. Mix the entire contents of the pit thoroughly. S. lapponica L.

Application

Sixth group

Blackotal (

B. Bracts remain after flowering; stamens 2-3, with completely free filaments, or with filaments slightly fused at the base ... 2. Almond (Amygdalinae).

Plants are very common and very well-known in the central part of Russia. Most willow species love moisture and settle in damp places, while in dry places (on the slopes, sands, etc.) and in swamps, relatively few species grow. Willow is also found in forests, as an admixture to other trees.

Classification

Powdery mildew, black spot.

Maximum tree height:

The tree can now be planted.

), Shrubs of peat bogs of the northern provinces. The branches are gnarled. Leaves underneath are white-hairy, whole-edged, pointed. The earrings are thick and fluffy.

And I. (Capreae) the following species belong.

S. pentandra L.

2. Bracts are not the same color: their tops are of a different color; catkins appear mostly before foliage, stamens 2.

... A very interesting form with snow-white leaves at the end of the shoots and variegated in the middle and closer to the base of the branches. It grows as a low bush (up to 1.5 m) or a low tree - when grafted onto a stem. The disadvantage is low winter hardiness. In the middle lane, it is better to plant non-standard seedlings and cover the plants for the winter.

Willow is very unpretentious to soil. However, it grows best on light to medium loams, especially if organics are used to feed it. It also easily tolerates the close occurrence of groundwater.

White willow, or silvery willow, Willow. © white willow

Goat willow Pendula is a deciduous tree. The shape of the crown is weeping, tent-like, 2-3 m wide, 2-3 m high. The average life expectancy is up to 30 years. Leaves are oblong-elliptical, dark green, 8-10 cm long. Yellow in autumn. Flowers - golden yellow, flat earrings. Goat willow Pendula blooms from April to May. Flowering lasts up to 15 days. The fruits are boxes. The tree is light-requiring, shade-tolerant. It grows in any soil moisture.

At the end of the work, do not forget about thorough watering.

Bredin (

) - shrub or small tree; leaves ovate-elliptical, finely toothed, glabrous, shiny on both sides; stipules ovate-elongated, straight; stamens 5-10; stigma of the same length with the column; box on a short stem; blooms later than all other I. It grows in damp forests, swamps, river banks; common in central Russia. The bark containing salicin is used in medicine (Cortex salicis).

A. Tall shrubs, rarely trees.

Whole-leaved willow, variety 'Hakuro Nishiki'. © plantenbestel

To plant a seedling of shrub willows, you need to dig a hole 50x50 cm, for tall trees of slightly larger sizes - 60x60 cm and a depth of 40 cm. (When planting large-sized plants with a large clod of earth, the hole should be 40-50 cm wider than the coma, and the depth 30 –40 cm more). Fill it with a soil mixture (from 1/3 to 1/2 of the pit volume), which will consist of soil, compost or quilted manure and peat (1: 1: 1). If the soils are heavy, sand is added to the soil (up to 20%). In addition, it is necessary to apply complex mineral fertilizers, for example, azofoska (150-200 g). Stir the soil mixture in the pit well. When planting a hedge or a dense alley, it is advisable to dig a trench 40-50 cm wide and 40 cm deep.

Willow appeared on the earth quite early, its prints come across already in the Cretaceous formation, and even the present species lived in the Quaternary era: Ash willow (

Goat willow Pendula is used in single plantings and decorative groups. It is not whimsical to the soil, but it needs abundant watering and care. In order to prevent root rotting, a thick layer of drainage is laid in the soil during planting. Despite the high frost resistance of the tree for the winter period, it is required to cover the bole. Average tree lifespan: Goat willows take root easily. Planting can be carried out for seven months - from April to October - provided that the tree has a closed root system. You need to monitor her so that she does not have time to dry out. If the plant has open roots, then it is better to plant in early spring, until the first buds appear, or at the beginning of autumn, preferably in September. Here we are with you and found out how the goat willow Pendula grows. We will consider tree care further.

• Twelfth group S. cararea L. Plakuchaya I. ( Aa. Anthers are red, turning black after flowering, filaments of stamens have grown together to their full length; hairy capsule. Shrubs with flexible, thin, shiny red branches ... 3. Purple (Purpureae). The foliage of some willow species is dense, curly, green, while others are more rare, transparent, gray-green or gray-white. Leaves are alternate, petiolate; the leaf blade in some species is wide, elliptical, in others it is rather narrow and long; the edge of the plate is solid only in a few species, while in the majority it is finely or coarsely toothed. The plate is either shiny, bright green on both surfaces, or only on the upper; the lower surface of such willows from hairs and from a bluish bloom is gray or bluish. The cylindrical petiole is rather short; at its base there are two stipules, mostly dentate, wide, or narrow; they remain either only until the full development of the leaf, or all summer. Stipules are a good indicator for distinguishing between different willow species; one species, called the eared willow S. aurita) has stipules large, protruding in the form of ears. It is very curious that stipules develop most on young shoots growing from the trunk or from the roots. The stem is branched; branches are thin, twig-like, flexible, brittle, with matte or shiny bark, purple, green and other colors. The buds are also of various colors, dark brown, red-yellow, etc. NS.; their outer integumentary scales mutually grow together with their edges into a solid cap or cap, which separates, with the growth of the buds, at its base and then falls off entirely. The apical bud on the branches usually dies off, and the lateral bud adjacent to it gives the most powerful shoot and, so to speak, replaces the dead apical bud.
• Medium-sized shrub, up to 2–2.5 m high, with a dense, almost spherical crown and glossy reddish shoots. In recent years, this species has become more and more popular in Russia. Shade-tolerant, but not very winter-hardy. After freezing, it grows easily, it is not necessary to cover for the winter. It is better to plant in places protected from the wind. A willow with a closed root system easily takes root at any time - from April to October (the main thing is that the lump and roots are not overdried). But plants with open roots are best planted in early spring, before bud break, or in September, with the beginning of leaf fall. When planting in autumn, the leaves of the seedling must be removed. Low-hardy species and varieties should not be planted in the winter, since their fragile roots and shoots can die from frost before they can develop. Salix cinerea
• The most difficult part of caring for Pendula willow is pruning it. If in the early years the plant is not formed correctly, its branches will very quickly settle to the ground. All shoots are cut from young seedlings, leaving 15 cm with one bud at the end, looking up or to the side, but not inside the crown. Thus, a crown is formed, similar to an umbrella of short branches. 150 years old. Basic tree care includes:
• (Glaciales) belong to I. high mountains and polar countries; what are: , Goat I.); grows mainly in forests throughout Russia from the most extreme C to the Black and Caspian Seas, as well as in the Caucasus; one of the two varieties of this I. reaches the size of an average tree, the other has the appearance of a dense bush. Leaves are rounded elliptic, crooked-pointed, weakly articulate, gray-tomentose below, at first fluffy above, and then completely naked, green; stipules are reniform. Earrings bloom long before the leaves appear; their scales are dense, blackish at the apex. The leg of the ovary is 4-6 times longer than the glandular. The bark is used for tanning. S. babylonica L.

Bb. Anthers are yellow all the time; the filaments of the stamens are free. Inflorescences (catkins) of white willow Purple willow, or yellow willow, variety `Nana Gracilis`. © sadevalja Weeping form Salix × sepulcralis. © Jdforrester), White willow (

Mature trees are pruned after flowering. Shoots are shortened by 2/3 of their length. Thanks to such pruning, the goat willow begins to branch densely. During the summer period, new shoots have time to fully form and become strong enough for flowering. Landing: Watering. In the first year of life, this willow variety needs abundant moisture. A weeping beauty should consume about 50 liters of water in two weeks. If the summer is too dry, then this volume goes away in a shorter period. In the second, third and subsequent years, one irrigation is sufficient, which can be carried out every week. S. retusa Ushastaya I. (

) - a tree of 3-7 meters. tall, with long hanging branches; leaves are linear-lanceolate, fine-toothed, gray-green below; stipules lanceolate-subulate; blooms during leaf-spreading. Weeping willow grows wildly in Japan and China; two hundred years ago it was brought to the East, and from there it came to us (we mostly have only female specimens); in the area where Babylon was, it was not there before, and it is not now ("Verbia", mentioned in Psalm 137, actually poplar, Populus euphratіsa). One variety of weeping I. growing on Napoleon's grave on St. Helena is called S. Napoleonis. The bark of the branches is yellowish in summer; young twigs and branches are hairy, older ones are covered with gray or bluish bloom ... 4. Wax (Pruihosae). leaves or even later (eg S. pentandra). Flowers are dioecious, very small and in themselves hardly noticeable; only due to the fact that they are collected in dense inflorescences (catkins), it is not difficult to find them, and in willows blooming before the leaves bloom, the inflorescences are sharply visible. Earrings are unisexual, or only with male, or only with female flowers; male and female catkins appear on different individuals: willow in the full sense of the word, dioecious plants. A description of the structure of earrings and flowers is given below in the article: Willow; it also says about the pollination of willows. Fruit is a box that opens with two valves. The seed is very small, covered with white fluff, very light, freely carried by the wind over long distances. In the air, willow seeds retain their germination for only a few days; Once in the water, at the bottom of water basins, they retain their germination capacity for several years. This is where the reason is that dried ditches, ponds, silty mud, scooped up when cleaning a pond or river, are sometimes abundantly covered with willow shoots in a relatively short time. The young willow sprout is very weak and easily drowned out by the grass, but it grows very quickly; woody willows generally grow unusually quickly in the first years of their life. In nature, willows reproduce by seeds, in culture, mainly by cuttings and layering; a living willow twig, a stake driven into the ground, quickly take root. Sprawling three-meter shrub with thin long shoots of a pale yellow color and narrow stiff leaves. Shade-tolerant, but not very winter-hardy. After freezing, it grows easily, it is not necessary to cover for the winter. It is better to plant in places protected from the wind. In the first season after planting, willow needs abundant watering: 20-50 liters of water (depending on the size of the plant) once every two weeks and every week - during the dry season. Then moderate irrigation will be enough for her. Shrub species forming hedges should be cut once or twice a season (spring and mid-summer).

Salix alba Pendula goat willow is used in landscape design in single and group compositions. Looks harmoniously near water bodies and in rock gardens. Combines with moisture-loving plants, perennials, ground cover, coniferous dwarf trees. The goat Pendula willow is propagated by grafting on boles with seeds, grafting, cuttings. Fertilizer For the entire period from early spring to autumn, you need to feed the willow two or three times. Complex mineral fertilizers are suitable for this. In September, the tree is fed with superphosphate or sulfuric potassium. If a dark bloom appears on the leaves, then copper oxychloride is used for treatment. L. small shrub, richly leafy branches of which reach 16 cm in length. The leaves are small, whole-edged. S. herbacea L. - shrub, whose branches bear only two small leaves; branches 4 cm long. S. reticulata L., S. polaris Wahlb. and others. S. aurita L. To

Β. The bark is greenish; branches without plaque Willow appeared on the ground quite early, its imprints are found already in the Cretaceous formation, and even the present species lived in the Quaternary era (Salix cinerea, Salix alba, Salix viminalis). © Ilya Smelansky

• As for feeding, during the spring and summer, complex fertilizers are applied two or three times, and at the end of August - superphosphate and potassium sulfate. In rainy years, gray and black spots, similar to a dirty coating, often appear on willow leaves. To return the tree to its original beauty, it is necessary to spray it with copper oxychloride (HOM) or oxychom. ), Rod willow ( A very spectacular tree with flexible, twig-like, weeping shoots, which are located at the top of a small trunk - a trunk. In good light, it forms a narrow tent-like crown with shoots, dropping to the ground. In spring, the shoots are densely covered with fluffy flowers. Upward weeping goat willow almost does not grow. Exceeds the height of its trunk by only 30-40 cm. Looks beautiful against the background of plants with a different shade of foliage. Used in group plantings, planted at the turns of garden paths.
• Goat willow is a small deciduous tree, the height of which reaches up to 10 m.The diameter of the trunk is up to 75 cm. Mulching. It helps to retain moisture and stop weeds from growing. Peat, paper, sawdust, expanded clay or pebbles are ideal for this. All this material is crushed and scattered under the tree on top of the soil. The benefits of willows are quite varied. Bark of 2-3 year old branches

In autumn, it is advisable to remove fallen leaves from the site. Grafted trees in summer or autumn must be freed from wild growth. We must not forget about the shelter of non-resistant varieties. This is done in October - early November. Salix viminalis Low dwarf tree. The ornamental value of the plant lies in the spherical crown with unusual shoots hanging down.

Branches are thick, spreading, young ones are grayish, pubescent, in older trees they are yellow-brown and gray-green, in older specimens they are gray or dark, brittle. If the ground under the plant is too dry and cracks have formed, they must be removed. To do this, loosen the soil one day after watering. S. pentandra, S. fragilis, S. alba To And I. (Amygdalinae) belongs to almond I. (

1. The capsule is almost sessile; catkins appear before foliage or simultaneously with it; branches are thin, flexible; narrow-lanceolate leaves; flexible shrubs ... finely branched. 5. Basket (Viminales) Most of the willows are small trees 10-15 m or shrubs, but there are willows 30-40 m high and more than 0.5 m in diameter. In gardens and parks, willows are traditionally planted on the shore of a reservoir. And this is understandable - a natural landscape, a familiar image. But, of course, such a plastic and unusually spectacular tree will decorate any corner of the garden, and its crown will protect from the sun.​).​

Leaves are lanceolate, leathery. The underside of the leaves is gray - tomentose, the upper side is dark green. The goat willow blooms until the leaves appear. Flowering lasts up to 20 days. The flowers are fluffy, yellow catkins. The willow of this form grows very quickly, the bark is smooth, has a gray-green color, becomes brown with age, cracks appear at the bottom of the trunk. The wood is smooth, reddening in the air Preparing for winter. This step in grooming is also significant. In order for the plant to endure our harsh winter well, the trunk is wrapped in a covering material. This procedure is used for trees under three years old. And others., Containing salicin and tannic acid, is used in medicine (Cortex Salicis) against fever, occasionally as a quinine substitute. In the East, earrings and young shoots of weeping willow are used in folk medicine, and in North Africa, a tincture ("kalaf") is prepared from the odorous earrings of the Egyptian willow (S. aegyptiaca), which is used as a diaphoretic. Seventh group

S. amygdalina L. 2. Long-stemmed box; strong branches; leaves are oval-lanceolate (their length exceeds the width only three times); trees or shrubs ... 6. Goats (Capree) In cold countries, willows grow far to the north, such are the very stunted dwarf willows Salix retusa, Salix reticulata, Salix herbacea, Salix polaris. In the mountains, there are low-growing Salix herbacea willows and others, which reach the very snowy border. Polar and high-mountain willows - low-growing creeping dwarf shrubs - up to several centimeters in height Polar willow ( ... The beetle is 10-12 mm long, with reddish elytra and bluish-green pronotum and undersides. One black speck at the apex of the elytra. Weeping willow. © Darren Larson

The genus includes at least 350 species of willows, distributed mainly in the cool regions of the Northern Hemisphere, where the willow enters the Arctic Circle. Several species are native to the tropics. There are more than 65 species in North America, of which only 25 reach the size of a tree. It is planted in parks, squares and garden plots. Used as a hedge. Photo of goat willow spherical white cabbage and its pests

Few people know about such a plant as the goat willow Pendula. Planting and caring for it is very simple. And first, it's worth telling what kind of plant it is, and why it is grown.

Amazing plant

Goat willow is a type of tree that is grown for garden decoration. This plant looks the same as its great friend, only its height does not exceed 1.5 meters. The drooping crown consists of green leaves with white patches. In some countries, this tree has a different name - delirium. Goat willow can be found along roads, on or in the mountains. Likes to grow on damp soils, mainly near various bodies of water. If you want to decorate your garden with something interesting, then Pendula is perfect for this. Planting and caring for a tree is not difficult, but first we will figure out how to choose the right plant.

Possessing a natural rounded habit, it has its place in arrays, draws paths beautifully, or is only grown in pots if it is on the stem. Willow shrimp - Salix-integrara Hakuro-Nishiki. The willow shrimp foliage is outdated. Its leaves are pinkish at the ends, especially in early spring and in the sun. During the season, it loses some of its pink and green color. Its green leaves are also seen white. Its foliage allows for the most beautiful associations and the most beautiful contrasts in the garden.

Willow prawns are blooming, but this is not his first asset. Its flowers form small yellowish ears. The willow shrimp culture is simple. No big deal: fresh soil and small size every year. Willow shrimp is exposed to sun or partial shade. In the sun, the rose of the leaves will be more intense. But be careful, too hot exposure can burn young pink leaves.

The choice of planting material

Arriving at the nursery, you should know exactly what to look for in order to buy a tree such as the Pendula goat willow. Planting and care will depend directly on the quality of the seedlings. We invite you to explore our following tips:

Advice 1. Specify how the scion was obtained. Today there are two main methods:

The willow shrimp prefers cool, light and humorous soils, but does not become waterlogged. Straw to keep the soil cool. After planting and for the first 2 years, sprinkle the shrimp caviar 2-3 times a week, especially in hot weather, until the root system develops properly.

Goat willow

Willow shrimp is cold resistant. To help it grow, a little compost every fall will allow it to grow well and be healthy. Willow shrimp grows rapidly. Judas shrimp must be pruned every year at the end of winter to maintain its ball shape and stimulate new growth. We use the opportunity to remove dead wood. Use scissors or pruning scissors that are sharp and disinfected to prevent the spread of the disease.

• pruning;
• graft.

Based on this information, you can schedule further tree care.

Tip 2. If the second method was used, then carefully examine the vaccination site. The presence of dead scales on the bark is not allowed. The trunk should be straight and strong.

Tip 3. Buy only goat willow that has increased winter hardiness.

Plants are supplied with a bare crust

Willow prawns on the stem of "Hakuro-Nishiki". Beware of anthracose and powdery mildew like willow. Remove all affected leaves. Spray a Bordeaux mixture to control anthracnose and sulfur to control powdery mildew. Plants supplied with bare roots are usually grown outdoors. Then they were ripped off and then cleared of their soil. This operation is carried out during the vegetative rest of the plant, and during this period it is necessary to transplant.

Plants are supplied in buckets, containers and baskets

The advantage of this type of packaging is that, given the same dimensions, their cost is lower than that packed in containers or lumps. The downside is that they are only available for the same period. The container is a rigid plastic pot, usually round, in which the plant is rooted. Its capacity is expressed in liters. The higher the litter, the more comfortable the plant should grow. In general, the older the plant, the larger the container. The indicated gradations are indicative and may vary depending on the variety of the plant, the manufacturer.

How to raise a weeping beauty?

So, if you decide to make the site interesting, the goat willow Pendula is considered an excellent option. Planting and leaving, the photo of which is shown below, testifies to its uniqueness. Let's take a closer look at the nuances of landing.

The bucket is a small, rather flexible plastic pot, usually square, in which the plant is rooted in its soil. The number shown corresponds to one side of the bank at its widest level. For example, a 9cm bucket is a 9cm square pot at the top, the widest. It is widely used for perennials and seedlings. The potted plants we provide have from 6 months to one year of cultivation, they are already well developed.

A basket is a jar, usually square and low enough, in which the plant is rooted in its soil. It is perforated so that water can circulate in the substrate and provide the necessary oxygen for the roots. The number shown corresponds to the side of the basket at its widest level. It is widely used for aquatic plants.

Willow grows on any soil. She is considered one of the few representatives of unpretentious plants. If you want to choose the perfect place for your tree, then medium loam will do. Even close groundwater does not prevent the plant from fully developing. Next, we land according to the following algorithm:

1. We prepare a pit measuring 50 * 50 * 40 cm (width, length, depth).
2. We add compost, humus, peat there. Everything should be in equal proportions.
3. Don't forget mineral fertilizer. It is enough to pour about 300 grams of it on one root of the plant.
4. Mix the entire contents of the pit thoroughly.
5. The tree can now be planted.
6. At the end of the work, do not forget about thorough watering.

Goat willows take root easily. Planting can be carried out for seven months - from April to October - provided that the tree has a closed root system. You need to monitor her so that she does not have time to dry out. If the plant has open roots, then it is better to plant in early spring, until the first buds appear, or at the beginning of autumn, preferably in September. Here we are with you and found out how the goat willow Pendula grows. We will consider tree care further.

Serves as a rootstock

This is comparable to a half stem. Its height is about 2 m, and its age is at least 2 years after transplantation. A 2-year-old shrub is a tree with at least three branches from the base. Trees, set in half of the trunk, have one chest, the horns of which start about 1.50 m from the ground. In general, the circumference of the trunk is indicated.

Trees supplied with tall stems have one chest, the branch of which starts about 2m from the ground. On delivery, this tree has no branches. It consists only of a relatively thick trunk and some rather short roots when sold in bare roots. This strange aspect is normal. Nurseries remove them to facilitate plant transportation. But in the spring or shortly after planting, new leaves and branches appear, and the tree takes on a more normal appearance. A tree with a high stem most often has a large, even very large development.

Plant care

Basic tree care includes:

• Watering. In the first year of life, this willow variety needs abundant moisture. A weeping beauty should consume about 50 liters of water in two weeks. If the summer is too dry, then this volume goes away in a shorter period. In the second, third and subsequent years, one irrigation is sufficient, which can be carried out every week.
• Fertilizer. For the entire period from early spring to autumn, you need to feed the willow two or three times. Complex mineral fertilizers are suitable for this. In September, the tree is fed with superphosphate or sulfuric potassium. If a dark bloom appears on the leaves, then they are used for treatment
• Mulching. It helps to retain moisture and stop weeds from growing. Peat, paper, sawdust, expanded clay or pebbles are ideal for this. All this material is crushed and scattered under the tree on top of the soil.
• Loosening. If the ground under the plant is too dry and cracks have formed, they must be removed. To do this, loosen the soil a day after watering.
• Preparing for winter. This step in grooming is also significant. In order for the plant to endure our harsh winter well, the trunk is wrapped in a covering material. This procedure is used for trees under three years old.

We looked at how to properly care for a plant such as Pendula goat willow. Pruning is another main type of maintenance that we will pay special attention to.

Its location has been carefully chosen because once installed it will no longer be possible to relocate it, except in the early years and provided that it has not grown too large. Also sold in tall stems are many fruit trees and some grafted shrubs.

A tree with a tall stem has the advantage that it can pass under its horns without the slightest tilt. This must be taken into account when regularly passing the mower on the lawn below it. It also allows you to set your table, chairs, or garden furniture in their beneficial shade without having to worry about the branches as soon as you stand. This shrub has been cut so that it has only one trunk or is grafted onto one trunk. The height indicated corresponds to the height of this trunk. Branches start from 60 cm in height.

Nothing extra

It is recommended to start pruning a tree from the first year of life. All shoots are cut, leaving only 15 cm each and one healthy bud, which should look up. This is the beginning of the formation of a correct and beautiful willow crown. Mature trees also need pruning, but do so after flowering. To keep the willow thick, all shoots are shortened by 2/3 of the total length. Do not forget that all dry and diseased branches are removed immediately. As a result, you should have a tent-shaped tree with strong, healthy and beautiful shoots.

Goat willow spherical: photo and description

This type of shape is mainly intended for roses and shrubs grown in pots or in lining. These are mostly bushes to small ones, however, there are some notable exceptions, such as rose bushes or willow. This trellis shape is found in fruit trees. The tree is formed from a vertical main trunk and oblique lateral branches located symmetrically on either side of the trunk.

The tree is formed from a short trunk, the upper part of which extends horizontally and symmetrically with two short horizontal branches. These recent forms were created as their name suggests for apple and pear. On a short chest, two branches, symmetrically positioned on either side, are held to give them the shape of a pear or apple. The advantage of these types of sizes, besides their aesthetic appearance, is the small size of the tree. Disadvantage: These measurements must be performed every year and cannot be improvised.

For proper and timely care, the willow will thank you with its amazing flowering. It is worth fighting not only with branches, but also with diseases, various pests.

Let's be treated!

If you decide to grow something in your garden that cannot be seen in everyone, then the goat willow Pendula is ideal for you. Diseases and pests are the only thing that can darken the cultivation, but you can also fight ailments.

Willow medicines

They ask the gardener about technique and experience. This type of size also offers the advantage when you master the technique, install a fruit tree in a small space, a smaller courtyard, balcony or terrace, well lit. The young leaf of the willow "Hakuro Nishiki" will be painted.

Most often, "Hakuro Nishiki" will be seen as a shrub on a trunk, which is a shrub of a vigorous willow species. They then take the form of miniature trees. But when we make a purchase, let's determine the height that suits us best. Let's not fool the growth of the site, because after grafting willow on it, it no longer pleases and will remain as high as the day of purchase. The Japanese willow will undoubtedly grow and it will reach a crown up to 3 meters in diameter.

Consider what pests and diseases the willow is exposed to:

1. Willow leaf roll. Harms the tree at the larval or caterpillar stage. To get rid of the insect, you can spray the willow with chemicals that are available in specialized stores.
2. Flower fly. To begin with, it is worth finding a place where the larvae live. Remove the top layer of soil, if they are located there, then you will immediately find them. You can remove flies by watering the soil with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. If it does not help, then insecticides will come to the rescue.
3. Powdery mildew. This is a representative of a fungal disease that multiplies at a high rate. Timely need to remove bad leaves. You can spray with a drug, the action of which is aimed at combating fungal diseases. It is recommended to replace some of the soil under the tree.
4. Black spot. To avoid it, it is necessary to reduce the contact of leaves with water. It is sometimes difficult to do this outdoors, so choose places where the breeze will constantly blow the willow. Timely weeding of weeds and removal of debris under the tree helps to fight black spots.

Finally

I would like to say that it is not in vain that many people choose and master planting and caring for such an amazing and beautiful plant like the goat willow Pendula. Reviews show that the tree is in demand and is considered the most unpretentious. Do not be afraid either. Buy, grow and enjoy your willow!

Of course, as long as we want to, it can be very interesting to mold this plant according to our needs and tastes. Due to its special beauty, the willow "Hakuro Nishiki" is best presented as a solitaire game, for example, on a lawn or perhaps planted in the green of other plants. The willows are red and red and the leaves are multicolored. Young spring leaves are white to greenish in color, but over time they change color to white and green and they remain for most of the season. The bases are very small and appear at the turn of March and April, in front of the leaves.

It is very beautiful to have a decorative tree in the garden, which is its accent. Weeping willow can become such a tree. It can be both an element of the garden, decorating a flower garden, and a canopy, under which benches are located.

Description of the plant

There are many forms of wood in nature. They come in both huge species and small shrubs. We have about 100 of them.

Planting and leaving

Once the bloom is over, we can start molding it. A prickly form of Japanese willow, formed by several cuttings per season. It also does not tolerate over-drying, so be sure to water frequently. To make our task easier, we can remove the soil around the base of the trunk. Such treatment will lead not only to a decrease in water evaporation, but also to the development of weeds. Since the Japanese willow likes to have more humidity in the air, it is advisable to scratch the leaf occasionally.

Willow "Hakuro Nishiki" does not require exceptional soil, but has rather high nutritional requirements. Therefore, it is very important to fertilize Japanese willow regularly. For this purpose, we can use compost, and if we do not have it, ready-made mixtures, such as using mineral fertilizers, but do not forget to periodically replenish them with organic fertilizer.

The willow is interesting for its decorativeness. It has a transparent and transparent crown that reaches 25 meters. The trunk is strong with gray bark. At first, the crown of the tree has a columnar shape, which over time becomes spreading and wide. The branches are thin, very flexible. Their bark is light, green, and purple. The shoots go up, and the side ones hang down. On them, petiolate leaves are alternately located. The shape of the leaf is elliptical, some species are long and narrow. The foliage color is dark green, underneath it can be lighter or bluish. The flowers are inconspicuous in the form of earrings. Their flowering begins before foliage growth in early spring. The fruit is formed in the form of a box with small seeds, pubescent on top. They are capable of being blown over long distances.

In general, Hakuro Nishiki will be quite resistant to snowstorms, although in extreme harsh winters it can sometimes get wet. In winter, we must not cover it, except for young people, whose vaccinations must be covered in winter. In young willows, during the first 2-3 years of cultivation, it is advisable to provide a place for vaccination in winter, since this part of the plant is most sensitive to frost in the first years of growth.

Video review - willows in landscape design

In the first year we cut very hard, about 20 cm long or several nets, and later cuts already depend on how big the crown we want to get. Just keep in mind that it is not too big for the trunk created by the pad, as winds can easily fold the tree. Let's not get too far from the previous cut. The crown should grow gradually and fairly evenly. We make sharp cuts, right above the eye. Under our eyes, our naked willows will show unmistakably naked hair pieces.

Growing a tree

Willow is grown in a place open on all sides, which has a neutral or slightly acidic high-humus loamy soil.

The tree does not particularly like excessive moisture. If the soil around it is too wet, then the roots slow down their development. This, of course, is reflected in the surface of the tree as well. Willow has enough natural precipitation, so there is no need to water it additionally. An exception would be a prolonged drought. During these periods, watering is allowed once every 10 days. It is advisable to spray the crown of the tree with sprayers at the same time as watering.

Special care for standard plants

The willow itself, it does not form a compact, slender sphere and will create a very loose crown with slightly overhanging stems. So, just like it grows in nature. Of course, it can be and thus lead, but then quite often it spreads from the leaves of the parts of the vertices. It has completely “fragile” fragments, and when such gems are larger, the crown loses much of its appeal.

Forming a regular round crown naturally takes a little practice and time. But you certainly don't have to deal with the first setbacks, because in 4 weeks you will be able to fix all the mistakes. All season, until August. Then we will try to carve the willow one last time, so that before winter comes, we have the opportunity to be reborn and get ready for the rest.

In order for the tree to develop well, it is provided with proper feeding. Rotted organic matter is used. It is brought in together with the digging of the trunk ring. It is recommended to add a bucket of organic matter and up to 100 grams of mineral fertilizer to one plant. Willow is fed in spring and autumn.

The willow is not touched for the first four years. In subsequent years, pruning of willow is recommended in order to form it. If this is not done, then the crown becomes sparse and not dense, which is why the decorative appearance is lost. This raises the question of how to prune willow correctly? Let's consider this with examples of the most common types of wood we have.

Common types of willow and their pruning

The tree tolerates pruning well. It is carried out after the plant grows about a meter. All shoots are cut to 30 centimeters. Usually, the procedure is best done in the spring. Trees that are actively growing are pruned in summer as well. And so, in the summer, only dead shoots are removed. As a result of pruning, the willow becomes attractive, and its bark becomes denser.

Most often, the following species are grown in our parks, which need special formative pruning:

1. Willow is white. It is a frost-resistant powerful species with a shapeless crown. It is formed by straight branches, with branching drooping shoots. The tree forms a crown on its own, but due to uneven growth it can break, therefore it is formed in the early stages. Pruning helps to distribute the branches evenly. For this purpose, the young tree is cut into a stump so that pronounced shoots are formed.

The tree is formed as a standard tree. Leave the main trunk and remove any buds that form below two meters. Superfluous, from above located, are removed evenly. Once you have properly formed the skeleton of the tree, you will need some minor pruning later on.

To grow a tree with shoots that are spectacular in color, it is necessary to prune it every year on a stump, you can on a stem. Its height will vary from half a meter to one and a half meters, it all depends on the required effect.

The shape and height of the pruning is set at an early stage, since adult specimens do not react well to large wounds, because these places are infected with rot, and hollows are formed there.

If dangerously located large branches need to be removed from a tree, then the procedure should be performed by a professional; if a similar situation repeats, it is better to cut off the old tree and plant the young. White willow is considered the largest species.

1. Goat willow. A frost-resistant tree with an umbrella-shaped crown. This species is compact and slow growing. In the spring, many male earrings are formed. Mostly weeping standard trees are sold for sale. They are a cultivated form that is grafted onto a cleaned stem. Its height is 1.5 meters on average. This species is not picky about pruning in order to form a crown, it is enough just to prune it so that it does not thicken and does not fall to the ground.

During maintenance annual pruning, half of the branches are removed, creating an airy foliage. These shoots will grow to the ground at the end of the growing season. It is also necessary to thin out the branches in the middle of the crown, this is how a through canopy is formed in the form of an umbrella. Then the side shoots are removed, which are from the outside. The remaining branches are shortened to half the size. In the spring, when the shoots are actively growing, all traces of pruning will be masked. All kidneys that appear in places below the vaccination must be removed.

1. Mourning willow. It is a conical frost-resistant species. It is a hybrid of white willow and Babylonian. Interesting foliage of a bright green shade and yellow shoots.

In young animals, they try to form a strong trunk with horizontally located branches. Maintain the height of the trunk from 1.5 to 2 meters. As the willow grows, the central shoot is shortened so that the crown expands and takes on a weeping look. Over the years, the tree grows in height due to individual shoots directed upwards, but they gradually begin to droop over the course of the year. They should not be removed, since direct growth is a temporary phenomenon. Each year, a new such shoot will appear, due to which the crown gradually becomes cascading. When the tree is fully formed, there will be little pruning. It is necessary to thin them out so that light and air can enter the plant. This strengthens the lateral branches, their weight gradually increases with the growth of the crown in width. Deep pruning is bad for willow.

Willows are often planted in parks and gardens near water bodies. This is, firstly, natural, and, secondly, they will not look so aesthetically pleasing anywhere, and will not be as shady and healthy as in the immediate vicinity of the water. They make hedges and tunnels from willow or plant it separately in the middle of the lawn, making it possible to favorably set off flowering ornamental shrubs or conifers.

However, one reservoir for the health of this primordially Russian beauty will not be enough. After all, willow, like most plants, has its enemies. Russian, purple and rod-shaped willows especially suffer from invasions of leaf beetles and aphids.

So, willow pests.

Willow stump

Poplar leaf beetle

It is found wherever willow and poplar grow. The poplar leaf beetle is a beautiful beetle 10-12mm long, with red elytra with one black speck in the middle of each. Bugs hibernate in fallen leaves. In early May, they come to the surface and begin to feed heavily, gnawing through holes in the leaves of the willow. After fertilization, the females lay eggs on the back of the leaf. A clutch of eggs includes 200-500 pieces. After 8-12 days, larvae appear with a pleasant cinnamon odor. These larvae very quickly deal with the leaves, skeletonizing them, growing and spreading along the tree. After 20 days, the larvae pupate and beetles appear. These beetles lay eggs at the end of July, the cycle repeats, and the next generation of beetles remains for the winter in fallen leaves.

The poplar leaf beetle can cause significant damage to the tree under favorable conditions and, accordingly, mass reproduction. Young plantings suffer the most.

Year after year is not necessary, but if mass reproduction of this beetle is really observed, the trees need to be treated with insecticides.

Aspen leaf beetle

The aspen beetle is similar to the poplar beetle, but slightly smaller (7-10mm) in size and without a black dot on the elytra. Similarly, beetles hibernate in fallen leaves, in May they come to the surface, gnawing at the edges and making holes in the leaves of the willow. In the second half of summer, eggs are laid, the hatched larvae eat up the leaves and crawl along the tree. Then they pupate, turn into bugs, which lay eggs again. The third generation grows up and hibernates in fallen leaves. Etc.

The aspen leaf beetle can multiply in large numbers and severely damage aspens, poplars, and shrub willow species.

Similar to the poplar leaf beetle, it is better to fight the aspen leaf beetle with the help of insecticides.

Willow leafworm

More often it affects the rod-shaped willow. The adult is a white butterfly with 44-55mm wingspan. Butterflies fly during June and July, then lay eggs on willow bark or leaves, moreover, they glue the clutch with a silvery mass. Thus, the pile of eggs resembles a flat cake.

In this state, the testicles hibernate. However, sometimes black caterpillars with yellowish-gray sides and white spots on the back, which spend the winter in the cracks of the bark, hatch from them. Caterpillars are very capable of eating willow and poplar leaves, and the process of eating continues during the night, and during the day the pests, as if nothing had happened, calmly sit on the branches of a tree. Pupation takes place inside several leaves from the apex of the shoot, held together by spider webs. As a result, the shoot becomes bushy and loses its technical qualities.

Control measures can only be attributed to scraping the testicles from the foliage and the morning collection of white butterflies, which are kept in the lower part of the trunks.

Common willow aphid

It affects not only willow, but also carrots, dill, parsnips. Aphids settle on the tip of the foliage, due to which the leaves are deformed and curled. Aphid eggs hibernate in the cracks of the willow bark, in the buds. In spring, aphids settle on leaves, shoots and begin to feed on their sap. Later, winged aphids appear, which fly to dill, parsnips and carrots. Several (up to 10) generations of aphids are born on these plants. And in August, winged individuals return to the willow to lay eggs in the bark for wintering.

Control measures include the isolation of willow plantations from crops of carrots, dill, parsnips, the destruction of wild carrots. It is also necessary to spray with decoctions of phytoncidal plants - marigolds, onions, henbane, mustard, potatoes, pepper.

Spider mite

A spider mite can also be attributed to willow pests, which is attached to the back of the leaf and sucks out its juice. As a result, the leaf dries and falls off. Adult female spider mites overwinter in fallen leaves.

These diseases usually appear in the second half of summer. With a high level of damage in leaves, assimilation decreases, they dry out and fall off prematurely. Pathogens in winter remain on fallen leaves.

Powdery mildew

caused by the mildew fungi Uncinula (= Erysiphe) adunca and Phyllactinia guttata. In July, a white powdery bloom appears on the leaves, consisting of mycelium (mycelium) and conidial sporulation of pathogens. When infected with the first pathogen, plaque develops mainly on the upper side of the leaf blades, with the second - only on the lower.

Conidia form every 10-14 days during the summer, spread by air currents and carry out massive re-infestations of young leaves. At about the end of July, fruiting bodies of fungi - clestothecia - are formed on the mycelium, which look like small, initially yellow, later brown or black dots, located scattered or in groups. Cleistothecia hibernate on the soil or on fallen diseased leaves. In spring, the bags ripened in them throw out ascospores, which carry out the primary infection of young leaves. Warm weather and good lighting contribute to the development of the disease.

Rust

Caused by rust fungi of the genus Melampsora, which require different host plants to develop. Willow is the main host for all rust pathogens. Intermediate host plants for different types of fungi are mainly currant and larch species. In the development cycle of pathogens, several forms of sporulation are formed that perform different functions.

In summer, urediniospores develop on the underside of the leaves in the form of bright yellow or orange, strongly powdered pads protruding from the breaks of the epidermis. With a strong development of the disease, sporulation pads can almost completely cover the lower surface of the leaves. During the summer, several generations of urediniospores are formed, infecting young leaves. At the end of summer, on the upper side of the leaf blades, the overwintering stage of pathogens (teliosporification) is formed, which looks like numerous yellowish-brown, slightly convex scabs that swell strongly when moistened.

In the spring of the next year, basidia and basidiospores are formed on the fallen diseased leaves, which infect intermediate host plants. At the beginning of summer, on both sides of currant leaves and on the underside of larch needles, eciospores appear - sporulation in the form of small yellow bubbles filled with a yellow-orange powdery mass of eciospores. They spread easily by wind and infect willow leaves. The active development of rust is promoted by humid and warm weather in the spring and summer. Rust pathogens are photophilous, therefore, open, well-lit places are most favorable for their development.

Brown leaf spot(causative agent - mushroom Marssonina salicicola)

affects different types of willow. The first signs of the disease appear in early July. On the upper side of the leaf blades, reddish-brown spots of irregular shape are formed, with vague edges. Later, sporulation of the pathogen develops on the spots, which look like scattered small flat whitish or yellowish pads.

Brown leaf spot

caused by the fungus Monostichella salicis (= Gloeosporium salicis). It affects different types of willow, but more often white (Salix alba) and holly (S. acutifolia). In early July, very small, slightly convex rounded spots of brown, dark brown, or almost black color appear on the upper side of the leaves. Sporulation of the fungus is formed on the spots in the form of small flat light pads, clearly visible against a dark background.

Blackish leaf spot

is caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora salicina (= Cercospora salicina) and affects various willow species. In the second half of summer, blackish irregular spots appear on both sides of the leaves. With a strong development of the disease, numerous spots merge, as a result of which the leaves acquire a characteristic dirty black color. On both sides of the spots, sporulation of the pathogen is formed in the form of small dark sods, which can only be seen with a magnifying glass.

Black leaf spot(causative agent - mushroom Rhytisma salicinum)

affects different types of willow. In July, round, light spots with a diameter of 2 to 15 mm appear on both sides of the leaves. In August, on the upper side of the spots, dense, rounded, black, convex and shiny plexus of mycelium - stroma, are well visible even from a distance - are formed. In the fall, bags with spores are formed in them, which ripen in the spring of next year. Mature spores infect the leaves.

The development of spotting is facilitated by high humidity in the spring and summer.

Scab

(blackening of leaves and shoots) is caused by the fungus Pollaccia saliciperda (= Fusicladium saliciperdum). It affects different types of willow, especially weeping forms. The disease manifests itself in the blackening of young leaves and shoots. The first signs of damage are found in the spring after the leaves have opened. They are manifested in the formation on the upper side of the leaf blades of a dark olive, almost black, poorly visible plaque, consisting of mycelium and sporulation of the pathogen.

The leaves turn black and die off. From the leaves, the mycelium penetrates the shoots, which also turn black and die off. During the growing season, several generations of spores are formed, which infect young leaves. Diseased shoots stand out sharply against the background of a healthy green part of the crown.

The wet weather in the spring and summer period contributes to the intensive development of scab. The most active spread of the disease is observed in the first half of the growing season, when a large amount of precipitation falls and the mass of young leaves susceptible to the disease grows rapidly. In winter, the fungus remains in the form of mycelium in the affected shoots and leaves. The repeated defeat of the willow from year to year leads to a strong weakening and death of plants.

Diseases of trunks and branches

Bark necrosis

As a rule, the plant is affected against the background of preliminary weakening caused by various natural and anthropogenic factors. Sources of infection are individual dried-up diseased branches or whole plants. Necrotic diseases accelerate the drying process and lead to a relatively rapid death of young willow plants.

Diplodine necrosis of trunks and branches(causative agent - fungus Diplodina microsperma)

It affects different types of willow, but most of all weeping forms. Signs of damage appear in the spring, in April - May. Initially, the bark of diseased trunks and branches acquires a reddish-brown color, but soon it dies off, darkens and becomes bluish-gray. This is especially clearly seen on thin terminal shoots without leaves, which stand out sharply against the green background of healthy branches.

On the trunks and large branches, separate areas of dead bark are formed - local necrosis, which are clearly delimited from the healthy bark. On thinner branches and shoots, the bark quickly dies off around the circumference. The dead bark takes on a characteristic yellow-red color. During this period, sporulation of the pathogen, conidiomas, is formed in the thickness of the bark, at first having the appearance of small black tubercles covered with epidermis. As they develop, they protrude from under the epidermis with yellowish tops.

Mature spores (conidia) emerge from the conidiomas in the form of grayish nodules or pads during the period of moisture. Conidia spread during the growing season mainly by rain, less often by insects and wind. Infection of plants occurs when spores penetrate into the tissues of trunks and branches through various wounds and cracks in the bark. The mycelium (mycelium) of the pathogen spreads at high speed in the longitudinal direction, therefore, on the trunks and thick branches, local necrosis has an elongated ribbon shape.

The causative agent hibernates in the form of mycelium in the affected trunks and branches. It can also overwinter in the marsupial stage (Cryptodiaporthe salicella), but it rarely forms. Under favorable conditions for the disease, the most susceptible species and forms of willow dry out in 1–2 seasons. Weakened plants are often colonized by stem insects, including the alder cryptorbid (Cryptorrhynchidius lapathi L.), which accelerates the death of plants.

Cytospore necrosis (cytosporosis) trunks and branches

Symptoms of the disease are manifested in the death of the bark. On thin branches and shoots, the bark dies off around the circumference. When skeletal branches and trunks are damaged, separate (local) necrotic areas of various shapes appear on the bark, often limited by callus rolls or cracks. The bark of necrotic areas acquires a characteristic reddish-brown color.

In the thickness of the dead bark, sporulation of pathogens - pycnidia is formed. In this case, the entire surface of the affected cortex is covered with numerous, densely sitting small conical tubercles with dark gray or almost black tops. They protrude from cracks in the bark in longitudinal rows or irregularly. Sporulation is especially noticeable on the thin and smooth bark of trunks and branches.

In the spring (April-May), at high humidity, ripened spores of pathogens emerge from the pycnidia to the surface of the bark and freeze in the air in the form of drops, thin flagella or spirals of yellow, reddish, bright red, or orange-golden color. This is the main characteristic sign of cytosporosis. Mature spores are spread mainly by rain, less often by insects and wind.

The disease can also affect other breeds: horse chestnut, ailanthus (Chinese ash), walnut, apple, mulberry, poplar, rose, raspberry. This significantly increases the risk of cytosporosis. The reasons for the decrease in the resistance of trees to cytosporosis and the emergence of foci of the disease can be: unfavorable weather conditions, damage by diseases, damage by insects of various ecological groups; air and soil pollution from industrial emissions; violation of the technology for creating landings and caring for them.

Sources of infection are diseased trees, fallen or cut off affected unharvested branches and bark. Cytosporosis leads to a rapid (often in one season) drying out of the planting material.

Tubercular necrosis of branches(causative agent - mushroom Tubercularia vulgaris)

It affects different types of willow and many deciduous trees and shrubs, including maple, horse chestnut, ailanthus, caragana, cotoneaster, beech, oak, robinia, mountain ash, and others. The fungus is often found as a saprotroph on shriveled trunks and branches, but often settles on weakened, but viable plants.

In the thickness of the affected cortex, sporulation of the pathogen is formed - stroma, which look like rounded pads with a diameter of 0.5–2 and a height of up to 1.5 mm. At first they are smooth, reddish or bright pink, later they become grainy and become brick-red or brown. The stroma protruding from the cracks in the cortex are arranged in longitudinal rows or irregularly. Often they completely cover the affected areas of the trunks and branches.

T. vulgaris often settles on willow trees affected by other diseases, including diplodine and cytosporous necrosis, and accelerates the death of plants. To reduce the harm caused by diseases, it is necessary to carry out a set of measures aimed at preventing the emergence of foci and limiting their further spread. Supervision of the state of the planting material and the appearance of diseases is of great importance.

It is advisable to conduct surveillance during periods when the characteristic symptoms of diseases appear. Signs of necrotic diseases are found at the beginning of the growing season, scab - 10-14 days after leaf blooming, and powdery mildew, rust and leaf blight - in July.

The creation of optimal conditions for the growth and development of plants makes them more resistant to necrotic diseases. Mechanical damage to the bark, through which pathogens easily penetrate, should not be allowed. Timely pruning of diseased branches and harvesting of dried-up specimens, which are sources of infection, contributes to a decrease in the level of damage by necrosis. To reduce the stock of overwintering infection that causes primary infection of leaves, it is necessary to destroy fallen leaves.

With a high level of damage, causing a strong weakening and drying out of the planting material, it is necessary to apply chemical protective measures, including eradicating and protective (prophylactic) spraying with fungicides. Eradicating treatments are carried out to destroy the wintering infection and suppress the primary spring infection of willow with scab, powdery mildew, rust, and spots.

Spraying can be carried out both in late autumn and early spring. Protective sprays prevent the penetration of pathogens into plant tissues and prevent the development of diseases. They are carried out during the growing season, at the time of the mass spread of the infection.

Spraying the leaves against powdery mildew, rust and spotting should be started at the first signs of disease. One or two repeated treatments are carried out with an interval of 2-3 weeks. To protect the willow from scab, the first treatment is carried out immediately after the leaves bloom, the second - after 10-12 days.

Protective spraying against cytosporous and diplodine necrosis is recommended at the end of summer. If this treatment has not been carried out, spraying should be carried out next spring, in May.

For chemical treatments, fungicides should be used that are approved for the protection of woody plants for the corresponding year, with strict adherence to the regulations for their use.

We love this breed very much. Willow prefers moist soil and is considered one of the best decorations for ponds. It tolerates haircuts well and is perfect for hedges. Among the people, some representatives of the willow are called willow. Blooming willow branches have long been considered a symbol of spring and the main attribute of Palm Sunday.

Rod and its representatives

Olga Nikitina

Genus Willow (Salix) belongs to the willow family and has more than 600 species. These are dioecious plants, very diverse in appearance and biological characteristics, can be large spreading trees or small squat shrubs. They are widespread; they grow both in the Arctic and in arid regions.

Willow has buds with one integumentary scale in the form of a cap or cap. The leaf arrangement is alternate, except for and. purple, the leaves of which are arranged obliquely. The leaves are whole, without lobes, from narrow-lanceolate to broadly elliptical.

Male and female flowers are collected in short earrings. The male flower consists of bracts, whole, with hairs, scales and from 2 to 12 stamens. There are one or two nectaries at the base of the bracts. Unlike poplars, willows are insect pollinated plants, and nectaries serve to attract insects. The female flower consists of the same bracts, at the base of which there is a pistil with one or two nectaries. Such male and female flowers are strung on the axis of the earring.

The willow fruit is a bivalve capsule, cracking almost to the base. Seeds are few, small, with a dense white tuft. They ripen in May and do not have a dormant period - getting into the ground, they immediately germinate.

Willow wood has a well-defined core and sapwood. Willows find a very diverse application in the national economy, they produce wood, tannins and other chemical products, branches are raw materials for wicker weaving, fiber from the bark is also used, and willow is an early honey plant. Many species are used for forest reclamation, as well as in green construction, where they are used as solitaires, in groups and groves (especially in valley parks), along the banks of reservoirs, in row planting along roads and water canals.

Most willows are frost-hardy and light-requiring, they grow very quickly, but live relatively short, up to 60–80 years. They are undemanding to soils, but they prefer well-moistened nutritious loams.

Willows are propagated by sowing seeds and stem cuttings without leaves, that is, winter ones. Small seeds lose their germination within 10 days after ripening. The exception is and. five-chained, the seeds of which fall in the fall and remain germinating under the snow until spring. Therefore, willows are mainly propagated by cuttings, with the exception of and. gray and and. goat.

When planting willows, it is necessary to take into account the speed of their growth. In groups, plants are placed at a distance of 0.6–2 m from each other (depending on the species). Since the soil subsides after planting, it is necessary to plant it to a depth at which the root ball will be 10–20 cm higher than the recommended one. Soils can be different: both sandy and swampy, not very fertile and even gravelly.

As a top dressing with weak growth in the spring, you can add nitroammofoska (60–80 g / m 2). In hot weather, it is recommended not only to water, but also to spray, especially moisture-loving species. In the first two to three years after planting, the standard forms should wrap the trunk with burlap in one or two layers.

Willows are quite difficult to learn. Their genus is very numerous, in addition, many spontaneous hybrids are formed in nature, which are very difficult to define. And if we also add decorative forms, then it is very difficult to navigate in such a variety of types and decorative forms. Modern dendrology divides the vast genus Willow into sections, which combine species that are similar in their morphological and ecological properties. Let us and we try to figure it out using systematics.

Most willows are frost-hardy and light-requiring, they grow very quickly, but live relatively short, up to 60–80 years.

SectionAlba Borr.

Has the largest size and. white(S. alba), reaching a height of 30 m and having a trunk with a diameter of 1.5 to 3 m.It forms a very beautiful wide tent-shaped crown. This species occupies a rather extensive area: in the European part from the Caucasus and Crimea to Pskov, Kirov and Perm; in the Asian part - Western Siberia to the Yenisei and to Bukhara in the south, along the floodplains of rivers in Kazakhstan. This willow got its specific name for its graceful lanceolate leaves, which have a silvery-white pubescence below. It grows quickly, in favorable conditions (river floodplains) at the age of 20 it reaches a height of 20 m. After felling, it gives abundant fast-growing shoots. Usually does not give root offspring.

It amazes with its unusual appearance and. Matsudana(S. matsudana) originally from China and Korea. Slender tree up to 10-13 m high or shrub. It has an openwork wide-pyramidal crown and a smooth low-beaded trunk. This willow has a genetically inherent property of the branches to wriggle, due to which the plant takes on a bizarre shape. This is due to the fact that as it grows, the thickening of the branches and trunks of and. Matsudana is going unevenly. Young thin shoots slightly pubescent, yellowish-olive, later glabrous, brown. Leaves are narrow-lanceolate, up to 10 cm long, long-pointed, obtuse at the base. Earrings up to 2 cm, bloom with the opening of the leaves. And is growing. Matsudana is fast, light-requiring, demanding on fertility and soil moisture. In the conditions of the forest zone, it is not hardy enough. It has sufficiently deep roots and easily copes with drought on its own. In central Russia, it is recommended to cover plants for the winter, since the branches of this type of willow can freeze slightly, but in spring they quickly grow and by the end of summer they grow up to 2 m without losing their decorative effect.

Section Fragilis C. Koch.

Wide area of ​​distribution has and. fragile(S. fragilis), it grows throughout the territory of the former USSR, with the exception of the Arctic zone, Eastern Siberia and the Far East. A tree up to 25 m high, with a hip-shaped spherical crown, as if consisting of different volumes, and branches brittle at the joints (hence the specific name). Shoots glabrous, shiny, olive green, slightly reddish.

The leaves are large, lanceolate, dark green above, shiny, below - light green, bluish. The edge of the leaf is glandular-toothed; the tip of the leaf is drawn back and often curled to one side. It grows quickly, is frost-resistant, used for afforestation of river banks, ponds, canals, dams, along roads.

Willow, or laurel(S. pentandra), grows almost everywhere, with the exception of the Crimea and the Far North. It got its first name for five stamens in a male flower, and the second for the similarity of leaves with laurel. This tall shrub or small tree 12–15 m high has an ovoid, rather dense crown. Leaves up to 13 cm long, shortly pointed at the top, rounded at the base, with a characteristic shine. It grows slowly, reaching a height of 4-5 m by the age of 12-15.

SectionDaphnoides Dumort.

Norway willow,shelyuga red,willow(S. acutifolia), occupies a vast area from the forest-tundra to the Black Sea and Ciscaucasia, Western Siberia, the western part of Eastern Siberia, Central Asia (along the sandy banks of rivers). The red twigs of this willow are a symbol of spring and Palm Sunday. It can grow in the form of a tall shrub up to 5 m high or a small tree 8–10 m high. The branches are pendant, brown-red or bright red, with a bluish bloom that wears off easily. Leaves are linear-lanceolate, 8–15 cm long, glabrous, dark green, shiny above, gray-gray below. It blooms early, before leaves appear (March – April). In the first year it grows slowly, then rather quickly. It has a well-developed root system, lateral roots grow up to 20 m in length, which allows it to be used to strengthen loose sands (skelluding). This type of willow is very frost and drought resistant.

Section Capreae Bluff. et Fingerh.

Perhaps, and. goat(S. caprea) is more widespread than other willows. It grows everywhere from the Arctic to the alpine belt in the mountains, it is found almost throughout Europe and Asia, from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, but mainly in the forest zone. A small tree 6–10 m high, with a rounded, densely leafy crown, rarely a tall shrub. Young shoots are grayish pubescent. Leaves broadly ovate, large, up to 10-18 cm long. Young leaves are completely pubescent, adults are dark green above, wrinkled, glabrous, below - grayish, tomentose. Stipules are reniform, dropping early. Blooms before the leaves open, a wonderful honey plant. The goat willow is very hardy and has a fast growth. It reproduces well by seeds, root suckers, decorative forms - by grafting. When propagating by cuttings, they should be treated with growth substances and placed in the "Fog" system, in which 100% air humidity is created.

This section includes and. gray(S. cinerea) and and. eared(S. aurita), growing in swamps, grassy bogs and damp mixed forests.

Section Viminalis Bluff. et Fingerh.

The section brings together trees and shrubs with rod-shaped, flexible shoots and long narrow lanceolate leaves. Many species are of great decorative and economic value (weaving baskets and furniture).

Purple willow (S.purpurea) Is a typical shrub with thin flexible shoots, sometimes with a bluish bloom at the base. The growing area is the middle and southern zone of Russia. The leaves sit obliquely on the shoot, greenish-gray, obverse lanceolate, with a spine at the top. Anthers in male flowers are not yellow, but purple, hence the specific name of the species. This willow makes an excellent twig for weaving.

Russian willow(S. rossica) Is a larger view, very similar to and. purple, but differs in narrow-lanceolate leaves, the length of which is 20 times the width, the edge of the leaf is bent inward. Above, the leaves are glabrous, intensely green, below - with satin-shiny pubescence, the hairs are located transversely. The branches are long, flexible, very graceful. The Russian willow grows throughout the European part of Russia, except for the Crimea, and in the Far East, where it is confined to the floodplains of rivers.

In addition to the species discussed above, this section also includes the widespread in Russia and. rod-shaped(S.viminalis),and. Schwerin(S. schwerini),and. caspian(S. caspica).

Willows are quite difficult to learn. Their genus is very numerous, moreover, many spontaneous hybrids are formed in nature, which are very difficult to define.

White willow 'Pendula'
Willow White ‘Tristis’
Gray willow

Iva Matsuda
Purple willow
Shaggy willow

Whole-leaved willow 'Hakuro Nishiki' Brittle willow
Willow

Willow diseases

Ella Sokolova

Willow is widely used in the creation of protective forest belts and industrial plantations, for strengthening the banks of canals, slopes, dams and in landscaping. However, infectious diseases often lead to a decrease in its protective functions, the yield of high-quality and industrial material in nurseries and plantations, and a loss of decorativeness in urban plantings. The most common and dangerous diseases for willows are fungal diseases.

Leaf diseases

This group includes different types of diseases affecting leaves and young shoots. Massive damage to the crown leads to premature drying and leaf fall, a decrease in the protective functions and decorativeness of willow, and the weakening of young plants. Fallen diseased leaves are the main sources of infection.

Powdery mildew [causative agent - mushroom Erysipheadunca(= Uncinulaadunca)]. Different types of willow are affected. In the first half of summer, a white powdery bloom appears on both sides of the leaves, consisting of mycelium (mycelium) and sporulation of the pathogen that infects the leaves throughout the summer. At the end of July, the fruiting bodies of the fungus are formed on the mycelium in the form of small, initially yellow, later black numerous dots. Fruit bodies often cover most of the surface of the leaves, as a result of which they acquire a dirty gray color. In winter, fruiting bodies remain on fallen affected foliage. In spring, bags with ascospores ripen in them, which carry out the primary infection of young leaves.

Rust(causative agent - mushroom Melampsora salicina). Different types of willow are affected, as well as currants and larch. Willow infection occurs in early summer with spores that form on currant leaves or larch needles. In the first ten days of July, numerous strongly powdered yellow or orange pads appear on the underside of willow leaves, which are clusters of spores (pustules). With the active development of the disease, pustules completely cover the surface of the leaves. At the end of summer, the overwintering stage of the pathogen is formed on the upper side of the affected leaves in the form of numerous yellowish-brown slightly convex crusts 1–1.5 mm in size, strongly swelling when moistened. Warm, humid weather favors the development of rust.

Brown spot [causative agent - mushroom Monostichellasalicis(= Glo-eosporiumsalicis)]. Different types of willow are affected, but more often - and. white ( Salixalba) and and. holly ( S.acutifolia). In early July, very small, slightly convex, rounded brown, dark brown or almost black spots appear on the upper side of the leaves. Sporulation of the fungus develops on the spots in the form of small light flat formations, clearly visible against a dark background. With a strong development of the disease, spots almost completely cover the surface of the leaves.

Black spot (causative agent - mushroom Rhytismasalicinum). Different types of willow are affected. At the end of summer, black shiny, very convex spots of a round or irregular shape with a diameter of up to 1.5 cm appear on the upper surface of the leaves, often surrounded by a yellow border. In autumn, the fruiting bodies of the pathogen are formed in the thickness of the spots, which ripen on fallen leaves in the spring of next year. At the beginning of summer, bags with ascospores are formed in the fruit bodies, which infect the leaves.

Blackish spotting [causative agent - mushroom Pseudocercosporasalicina(= Cercosporasalicina)]. Different types of willow are affected. In the second half of summer, numerous blackish irregular spots appear on both sides of the leaves. With a strong development of the disease, the spots merge, completely covering the surface of the leaves, which at the same time acquire a characteristic dirty black color. On the spots on both sides, sporulation of the pathogen is formed in the form of small dark sods.

Scab, or blackening of leaves and shoots [causative agent - mushroom Venturiasaliciperda(= Pollacciasaliciperdum saliciperda)]. Different types of willow are affected, but more often - and. white, and. ash ( S.cinerea), and. goat ( S.caprea). The first signs of the disease are found in the spring, soon after the crown is completely foliated. On the upper side of the leaves and on young shoots, sporulation of the pathogen is formed in the form of a dark olive, almost black velvety bloom. Affected shoots and leaves quickly turn black and die off. In this case, diseased shoots are bent, and the leaves hang. Blackened bent shoots with withered, drooping blackened leaves are a characteristic symptom of the disease. The fungus overwinters in the form of mycelium (mycelium) in the affected shoots and on fallen leaves. The intensive development of scab is facilitated by a large amount of precipitation in the spring-summer period.

Infection of willow with rust occurs in early summer with spores that form on currant leaves or larch needles.

Necrotic diseases of trunks and branches

Diseases of this group affect the bark, bast, cambium and outer layers of wood. With long-term lesions on the trunks and thick branches, cancerous wounds form in place of necrotic areas. Necrotic diseases lead to weakening and drying out of trees in a relatively short period. The development of necrotic diseases is often promoted by the preliminary weakening of trees caused by various unfavorable environmental factors.

Waltz (cytosporous) necrosis [causative agent - mushroom Valsasordida(= Cytosporachrysosperma)]. Different types of willow are affected in nurseries, willow plantations, forest and urban plantations. The characteristic signs of the disease are found in the spring. During this period, in areas with dead bark, sporulation of the pathogen is formed in the form of numerous small conical tubercles protruding from the breaks of the bark as black-gray discs. Mature spores emerge on the surface of the cortex in the form of golden-red droplets or thin spirals. Mass sporulation of the fungus can also be observed in autumn. Foci of waltz necrosis, as a rule, develop against the background of preliminary weakening of trees.

Plagiostomy (diplodine) necrosis [causative agent - mushroom Plagiostomasalicellum(= Diplodinamicrosperma)]. Different types of willow are affected, including: and. white, and. goat, and. ash, and. rod-shaped, or basket ( S.viminalis), and. holly . The disease is widespread in nurseries, willow plantations and in plantations of various categories. In spring, the affected areas of the bark acquire a reddish-brown color, later they darken and become bluish-gray, clearly standing out against the background of a healthy bark. The affected bark quickly dies off and turns yellow. In its thickness, sporulation of the pathogen is formed in the form of numerous small black tubercles protruding from the peridermal breaks with yellowish tops. Mature spores emerge on the surface of the bark in the form of grayish or grayish-pink nodules with a diameter of 1–1.5 mm. The disease develops very quickly and can cause shrinkage of young plants in one growing season.

Nectric necrosis [causative agent - mushroom Nectriacinnabarina(= Tuberculariavulgaris)]. Different types of willow are affected. The fungus is more often found as a saprotroph on the bark of dead trunks and branches. However, it can attack weakened, but quite viable trees, contributing to the acceleration of weakening and drying out. A characteristic sign of the disease is the sporulation of the pathogen, which forms on the dead bark. They have the appearance of numerous rounded or oval bright pink, pinkish-red or brick-red pads 1–2 mm in size protruding from breaks in the bark. Often sporulation completely covers the affected parts of the trunks and branches, giving them a pinkish-reddish color. The greatest danger of necrotic necrosis is for young plants in nurseries and willow plantations.

The development of necrotic diseases is often promoted by the preliminary weakening of trees, caused by various unfavorable environmental factors.

Rot of trunks and roots

Rot diseases usually affect trees over 40 years of age. The causative agents of rot are mainly wood-destroying xylotrophic fungi. Due to the decomposition of the wood of the trunks and roots of the affected trees, the resistance to wind decreases, which leads to windfall and windfall. Diseased trees are colonized with stem pests, which accelerate their weakening and drying out. In urban plantings, rot-affected trees pose a great danger to the population, buildings, and transport.

White heart-sapwood rot of trunks and roots ... The causative agent is a flat polypore ( Ganodermaapplanatum). The fungus is found on growing trees, dry, deadwood and stumps. Rot develops in the butt of the trunks, rising to a height of up to 3 m, and in the roots. The widest distribution of the flat polypore is noted in areas with a high recreational load, where trees are more susceptible to mechanical damage.

White heart rot of trunks. The causative agent is a false tinder fungus ( Phellinusigniarius). The fungus is widespread on growing trees in forest and urban plantings. Rot develops in the lower and middle parts of the trunks at a height of 2 m or more.

Red-brown heart rot of trunks ... The causative agent is a sulfur-yellow tinder fungus ( Laetiporussulphureus). The fungus infects growing trees in different categories of plantings. Prismatic fractured rot develops in the lower part of the trunk, rising to a height of 5–8 m or more.

Yellowish-white heart rot of trunks ... The causative agent is willow tinder fungus, or shell-like fellinus [ Phellinopsisconchata(= Phellinusconchatus)]. The fungus is widespread in plantings of various categories on growing and dead trees. Rot develops in the middle and upper parts of the trunks.

Willow protection from diseases includes preventive and exterminatory measures:

• systematic surveillance of the emergence and spread of diseases in the period from foliage to autumn;
• use of healthy planting material to create plantations that does not have signs of disease and pest damage;
• creation of optimal conditions for the growth and development of plants, excluding their weakening and increasing resistance to diseases;
• timely pruning of dead branches and removal of individual drying out and dead trees with their subsequent destruction;
• destruction of sources of infection (fallen diseased leaves and shoots) in nurseries, willow plantations and urban plantations by burning or treatment with eradicating fungicides;
• preventive spraying with fungicides in foci of leaf diseases and necrosis in the period from full leaf blooming to September.

Willow pests

Tamara Galasyeva, candidate of agricultural sciences

Several hundred species of insects and herbivorous mites can develop on different types of willow, many of which are polyphages (they feed on other types of trees as well). Among the pests of willow, there are many types of oligophages that also damage poplar. Insects and mites feed on all terrestrial organs of the plant. According to the damage caused, they are subdivided into the following ecological groups.

Leaf-eating insects

Insects that feed on buds, flowers, leaves and green shoots are classified as leaf-eating insects. They are quite numerous and are represented by species of various families of butterflies, sawflies and beetles. Pests feed from early spring to late summer. The leaves damage caterpillars of butterflies from many families: crested beetles, volnipeds, cococoons, hawk moths, scoops, moths, leafworms, nymphalids, moths and some others. They eat holes in the leaves or eat them whole.

The centers of mass reproduction of some polyphagous pests: willow wolf moth, gypsy moth, winter and peppered moths, willow spider moth - periodically arise in mixed plantations with willow.

Caterpillars of willow ermine moth ( Yponomeuta rorellus) eat willow leaves, first braiding them with cobwebs. During mass reproduction, branches, trunks and nearby vegetation are completely shrouded in a veil of cobwebs, among which the pest caterpillars pupate.

Leaves are skeletonized mainly by small insects - their larvae, unable to bite through the hard veins of leaf blades. These include small species of leaf beetles and sawflies. Larger species of these families eat holes in leaves of different shapes or eat leaves whole.

Sawfly (false caterpillar) larvae are usually naked, with 7–8 pairs of abdominal legs. Their body coloration is varied, often with black or bright yellow spots and stripes. Many species usually feed in groups; having eaten leaves on one branch, they crawl to another. Several dozen species of sawflies are known on willows. The most common species are: common willow sawfly ( Nematus salicis), common poplar sawfly ( Nematus pavidus), flattened aspen sawfly ( Staronetmatus compressicornis). The listed species give two (less often three) generations during the growing season. The leaves of the larva of the willow slime sawfly ( Caliroa varipes).

Shoot sawfly larvae ( Janus luteipes) gnaw through the passages in the core of the shoots, causing them to die off.

Beetles and larvae of several species of leaf beetles from the genera feed on leaves Plagiodera, Chalcoides, Phratora and others. The elytra of many leaf beetle species are brightly colored, with or without spots, sometimes with a metallic sheen, green, blue or blue-green. The larvae of leaf beetles are campodoid, with three pairs of pectoral legs, greenish-green or dark gray with bright small spots or warts on the body, from which a strong-smelling liquid protrudes. Leaf beetles and their larvae feed in spring and throughout the summer. Forms from one to three replenishments. The eggs are laid on the underside of the leaves, where the larvae subsequently develop. They pupate, as a rule, in the soil. Some small leaf beetle species can jump as they have thickened hind thighs. The jumping species includes the widespread poplar metal flea ( Chalcoides fulvicornis).

Weevil beetles eat leaves from the edges, for example Chlorophanus viridis... The tube-beetles of the genus twist the leaves into a dense tube. Byctiscus.

Centers of mass reproduction of some polyphagous pests periodically arise in mixed stands with willow.

Sucking pests

Sucking pests suck out juices from buds, leaves, shoots, branches and even trunks. On willows, more than a hundred species of such insects and herbivorous mites are known, including coccids (scale insects, false scale insects, mealybugs), leafhoppers, leaf flies.

Most sucking pests are small and unobtrusive. They can be detected by the sugary (sticky) secretions that cover the leaves, shoots and attract ants to the trees.

Among aphids on willows, monoecious species predominate, living in large colonies on the leaves and bark of thin branches and trunks. Damaged small shoots are bent and sometimes dry out. Aphids cause the greatest harm to young plants. One of the widespread species of aphids is the willow shoot aphid ( Clavigerus salicis). It is found on narrow-leaved willow species.

On the territory of Russia, more than 35 species of coccids have been recorded on willows, most of which are found in the plantations of the Crimea, the Caucasus, Central Asia and the Far East.

The most common and widespread species are polyphagous pests: willow scale insect ( Chionaspis salicis), Californian scale insect ( Quadraspidiotus perniciosus ), birch pad ( Pulvinaria betulae), willow false scale ( Eulecanim longisetum), and acacia false scale insect ( Partenolecanium coruin).

In some years, spider mites from the genus Schizotetranychus that suck the juices from the leaves, feeding on the underside of the leaf blades. A high number of mites leads to early yellowing and leaf fall.

The curvature of the shoots is caused by the pennies feeding on the juice of the leafhoppers (see. Cercopidae). The larvae of the pest are covered with an abundant transparent foamy mass that protects it from drying out. Foamy discharge is especially noticeable in early summer; it stops at the end of the larva's life.

Gall producers

Gall-forming agents - insects and herbivorous mites - form galls of various shapes, sizes and colors on the leaves and other organs of the plant. All types of gall producers are monophages. Several dozen species are known - these are various small sawflies, gall midge flies, nutcrackers and ticks. Pest larvae develop inside the gall.

Most often on narrow-leaved species of willows there are reniform thick-walled reddish-green galls of thick-walled willow sawfly ( Pontania proxima), and on broad-leaved willows - rounded bare reddish galls of willow berry sawfly ( Pontania viminalis). Galls on shoots and branches, similar to the "witch's broom" with thickened and shortened twigs and leaves, forms a three-pointed mite ( Aceria triradidtus). Galls on leaf blades in the form of heads or warts, glabrous or hairy, sometimes very numerous forms a willow gall mite ( Eriophyes tetanotrix).

One of the widespread species of aphids is the willow shoot aphid ( Clavigerus salicis). It is found on narrow-leaved willow species.

Miners

Miners are called insects, the larvae of which feed on the tissue of the leaves, laying passages of various shapes in the thickness of the leaf blade or growing shoot. All miners are monophages. Mines can be light (whitish or yellowish) or brownish, narrow ribbon-like, wide in the form of spots of various sizes. There are about a dozen species of insects known to mine leaves; these include weevils, small moth butterflies and miner flies.

More often you can find mines in the form of small oval brown spots, usually several pieces on a leaf blade on its upper side - inside such a spot, the larva of a willow flea elephant develops ( Orchetes salisis).

Stem pests

Stem pests, or xylophagous insects, feed on the bark, bast and wood of branches and trunks. These include beetles of the family of bark beetles, barbel beetles, weevils, borers, grinders, some species of butterflies from the family of glass beetles, woodworms and hymenoptera from the family of horn-tails and xyphidriids. About fifty species of stem pests on willows are known. Most of them settle on shriveled and withered trees, stumps and in the wood of felled trees.

The most harmful are species that can colonize growing but weakened plants. These types include willow root barbel ( Lamia textor), willow musk barbel ( Aromia moschata), narrow-bodied golds ( Agrilus lineola and A. aurichalceus) willow glass bowl ( Aegeria crabroniformis) and weevil ( Crryptorhynchuslapathi).

Willow in landscaping

Olga Nikitina

In the Central Russian landscape, willows look so harmonious that it is difficult to find a replacement for them. Their decorativeness, stability, ease of reproduction and high survival rate are much higher than that of their woody counterparts. However, today willow is underestimated in ornamental gardening and landscaping.

Usage

Willows are valued for their species and varietal diversity, beautiful crown shapes, original and early spring flowering, interesting color of bark and shoots. You can admire them at any time of the year, willows allow you to create interesting compositions in gardens and city parks.

A classic example of the use of willows in landscape design is the decoration of the banks of reservoirs with willow trees or shrubs. On uneven, with ledges, weeping willows look especially impressive, the branches of which descend to the water itself and are beautifully reflected in the water surface, as in a mirror. If you put a bench next to it, then a garden or park reservoir will become a favorite place for relaxation and solitude.

Willows grafted onto a bole are especially popular. Such plants are able to decorate various corners of the garden, become a spectacular dominant against the background of a neatly trimmed lawn, or form a picturesque group of willows with different stem heights.

Shrub willows, planted along the perimeter of the site or planted along paths, are an excellent material for hedges. Caspian willow,and. Russian,and. purple,and. gray, hybrid Shaburov 'Ball Dwarf' they have excellent haircuts and are able to embody any plan of a landscape designer, including protection and decoration of the site where they will be planted.

Depending on the growing conditions, willows can be companions of various plants. On the banks of reservoirs and ponds, there are moisture-loving shrubs and herbaceous perennials (gray alder, hydrangeas, loosestrife, ferns). In less humid places, in a composition with willows, you can plant spireas, viburnum, elderberry and a huge number of various perennials.

Shrub willows, planted along the perimeter of the site or planted along paths, are an excellent material for hedges.

Types and varieties

The maximum size, up to 30 m in height and up to 3 m in diameter, reaches and. white... It is quite durable; under favorable conditions, it can live up to a hundred years. It has been used in landscaping in Moscow since the 19th century. It has a number of decorative forms, which in central Russia are substitutes for the famous and. Babylonian, which is widely used in the greening of southern cities:

f. weeping(f. pendula hort.) - weeping crown, height up to 15 m, less frost-resistant than the main species;

f. yolk, or yellow (f.vitellinaStokes.), - a large tree with a rounded crown and golden yellow or yellowish red branches and shoots. It is considered the most resistant to some soil salinity.

f. yolk,weeping (f. vitellina pendula Rehot.), - with a weeping crown shape and with yellow thin, very long (several meters) shoots, dropping almost to the ground. Very decorative, resembles and in the shape of the crown. Babylonian, reaches a height of 5 m;

f. silvery(f. argentea Wimm.) - with leaves covered with silvery-silk hairs on both sides.

In natural parks and along the banks of water bodies, it is often found and. fragile... This tree up to 25 m high is distinguished by a tent-shaped crown and branches brittle at the joints (hence the specific name). Expressive groups are obtained from such plants, but free-standing specimens also attract attention. In landscape design, the shrub form and are especially appreciated. fragile with a dense spherical crown.

Iva Matsudana was first introduced from China to European parks in 1925. She conquered with her bizarrely twisted shoots, which give this willow an unusual look. But her variety has an even more exotic look. ‘ T ortuosa ’ with serpentine-curved ascending olive-green shoots and leaves twisting in incomplete spirals, which landscape designers use in single plantings.

Very attractive for its shiny dark green foliage and. five-spotted, or laurel which grows as a small tree with a dense ovoid crown. It received its specific name for 5 stamens in a male flower. Suitable for planting along the banks of water bodies and in groups in damp meadow areas of parks and forest parks.

Norway willow- one of the most undemanding species to growing conditions. It is widely used in landscape gardening, planting in group plantings, along the edges, near water bodies and in hedges. The holly willow is one of the best species for fixing moving sands. Its decorative form with a weeping crown is very interesting.

For the northern and middle zone of the forest zone, unpretentious and frost-resistant and. goat... Planted in groups along the edges, it looks very attractive, especially during the flowering period,

however, catkins falling in large numbers will heavily clog the lawn. Its varieties are of great interest: ‘ Pendula ’ – weeping form grafted onto the stem; ‘ Curly Locks ’ – with a wide spreading crown formed by twisted shoots.

Low and. purple famous for its original varieties: ‘ Pendula ’ – a form grafted onto a stem with purple weeping shoots and bluish-green leaves; ‘Gracilis Nana ’ – differs in silvery foliage and small bush size up to 1.5 m high; ‘ Purpurea ’ – with long stems covered with purple-brown bark and narrow lanceolate leaves.

In the floodplains of rivers grows and. Russian Its curved, flexible shoots are adorned with graceful lanceolate leaves. A wonderful shrub that can transform natural and artificial reservoirs.

Very original overcame and. whole-leaved ‘Hakuro-nishiki’ with spectacular pale green leaves, at a young age, having a white-pink color. In the conditions of the Moscow region, it can freeze slightly, so it is better to cover it with lutrasil. Experienced gardeners recommend not to cover this willow, and in early spring to cut the frozen branches very low. After such a procedure, new shoots grow quickly.

Recently, willows of V.I.Shaburov's selection, distinguished by frost resistance, unpretentiousness and high decorative qualities, are in great demand among landscape designers. These varieties have already been tested by time - many of them are more than 50 years old, they thrive in areas with a risky climate for agriculture, while retaining their decorative qualities. Some of these varieties are: ‘Sverdlovskaya Winding 1’- a slender tree about 4 m high. Sinuous branches and shoots form a spherical or broadly oval crown of medium density. ‘In memory of Mindovsky’- a slender tree, up to 7 m high, with a beautiful openwork wide-oval crown formed by thin, very long shoots. ‘Lighthouse 3’ Is an excellent twig willow suitable for hedges and living sculptures. 'Ball Dwarf'- a low tree, characterized by winter hardiness and a spherical crown shape. On the shore of a small garden pond, it is worth planting a variety called ‘Weeping Gnome’... It is an exact copy of the weeping willow, only in small sizes, a very unusual and rare plant. In honor of the famous Ural storyteller, a variety was bred ‘In memory of Bazhov’... A unique willow with two-colored shoots, the lower part of which is yellow, and the upper part is red. In winter, the visual effect of a bonfire is created. In spring, during flowering, this willow is covered with a pink veil due to male earrings that have pink anthers. And in summer, the tree is decorated with bluish-silvery foliage, which looks especially picturesque against the background of dark green spruce or fir.

Purple willow
Purple willow
Willow White ‘Tristis’

Willow White ‘Tristis’
Willow goat 'Pendula' Willow Lighthouse

The healing properties of willow

Marina Kulikova, candidate of biological sciences

In 1828, Professor of the University of Munich I. Buchner obtained a substance from the bark of a willow tree, which he named after the tree - salicin. Indeed, the Latin name of the willow genus is Salix... Later, they learned to isolate salicylic acid from meadowsweet flowers, then it was obtained chemically. But the history of the use of willow in medicine began four millennia earlier.

The use of leaves is mentioned in Egyptian papyri and. white (Salix alba) for many diseases. Greek physician Hippocrates in the 4th century BC NS. recommended to his patients a decoction of willow bark to relieve pain, heat, and rheumatism. The Cherokee Indians of South America also appreciated the pain relieving effect of the willow bark drug. Europeans in the Middle Ages used willow ash and sap to remove calluses and warts. In Europe in the XVII-XVIII centuries, willow infusion was used for colds and fever.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the chemical composition of willow bark was established. It contains a large amount of the vegetable alkaloid - salicin (in the bark and white 5–7%), as well as tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, mineral elements and vitamins.

The medicinal properties of willow bark are compared to those of aspirin. The bark starts to work more slowly, but it lasts longer and has fewer side effects.

The most popular is the bark and. white, but in folk medicine they use the bark of other types of willows: and. goat (Salix caprea), and. holly (S. acutifolia), and. brittle (S. fragilis), and. three-stalk (S. triandra), and. five-grained (S. pentandra). Currently, willow bark is included in the European, British and American herbal pharmacopoeias, and is also part of the officially registered homeopathic medicines. In the Russian Federation, willow is not a pharmacopoeial plant, but at the same time it can be purchased in a number of phyto-pharmacies in the form of biological food additives in the form of powders, capsules, and dried bark.

The bark is collected from the trunks or branches of young trees in March – April, during the period of active sap flow. At this time, it is easy to separate it from the wood. The bark is crushed and dried in a well-ventilated area, spreading in a thin layer on paper. It is considered dry if it breaks when trying to bend, rather than bending. Dried raw materials are stored in canvas bags or paper bags for no more than two years. Willow bark is used most often in the form of decoctions.

Willow bark has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, astringent, mild diuretic and anthelmintic properties. It is also used as a sedative and wound healing agent, as well as in inflammatory bowel diseases as a means for removing toxins. Before the discovery of quinine, willow bark and leaves were used as an anti-malarial agent. A decoction of willow bark is also used externally: for rinsing with inflammatory diseases of the mouth and throat, for baths with increased sweating and skin diseases.

But there are contraindications when taking a decoction of willow bark. The drugs are not recommended for use by children, women during pregnancy and lactation. It is dangerous to take a decoction of willow bark in case of severe viral infections, including influenza. Allergic reactions are also possible. Consuming large quantities of willow bark can
cause stomach irritation and nausea. Also, do not combine willow medications with aspirin, cough medications that lower blood pressure, diuretics, seizure medications, or alcohol. Drinking a decoction of the bark while taking anticoagulants can cause bleeding.

Recipes

For tonsillitis: take 1 tbsp. a spoonful of chopped willow bark, pour a glass of boiling water, boil for 30 minutes. Insist 2 hours, drain. Gargle 3-4 times a day.

For hair loss and dandruff: take 2 tbsp. tablespoons of chopped willow bark, mix with 2 tbsp. tablespoons of chopped burdock roots, pour 1 liter of boiling water. Boil for 30 minutes, leave for 1-2 hours. Wash your hair with broth 2 times a week.

For indigestion: 1 tbsp. mix a spoonful of willow bark with 1 tbsp. spoon of chamomile inflorescences. Pour the collection with 250 ml of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes. Drink in two, adding sugar to taste.