Any nation is going through a time of active wars and expansion. But there are tribes in which militancy and cruelty are an integral part of their culture. These are ideal warriors without fear and morality, “Russian Seven” comments on its top 5.

The aforementioned “tribes”, along with the Kalmyks, are not compared with each other by any rating indicators. But Kalmyks are on this list at number 4 (after the Maori, Gurk and Dayak).

“Among the peoples of Russia, some of the most warlike are the Kalmyks, the descendants of the Western Mongols. Their self-name translates as "breakaway", which means the Oirats who did not accept Islam. Today most of them live in the Republic of Kalmykia. Nomads are always more aggressive than farmers. The ancestors of the Kalmyks, the Oirats, who lived in Dzungaria, were freedom-loving and warlike. Even Genghis Khan did not immediately succeed in subduing them, for which he demanded to completely destroy one of the tribes. Later, the Oirat warriors became part of the army of the great commander, and many of them became related to the Chingizids. Therefore, not without reason, some of the modern Kalmyks consider themselves the descendants of Genghis Khan. In the 17th century, the Oirats left Dzungaria, and, having made a huge transition, reached the Volga steppes. In 1641, Russia recognized the Kalmyk Khanate, and from now on, from the 17th century, the Kalmyks became permanent participants in the Russian army. They say that the battle cry "Hurray", once originated from the Kalmyk "Uralan", which means "forward". They especially distinguished themselves in the Patriotic War of 1812. It was attended by 3 Kalmyk regiments, numbering more than three and a half thousand people. For the Battle of Borodino alone, more than 260 Kalmyks were awarded the highest orders of Russia, ”the site writes.

About other "tribes" in the publication is also given a similar small information, from the bright and bloody details should make up a fairly stereotypical image of the "most warlike".

Meanwhile, one of the commentators notes: “The Kalmyks are the same Western Mongols - the Torguts, Durbuts and Oirats. This is Khan Ayush, after the defeat from the queen of Mongolia Manduhai, they migrated to the west, 15th century (queen Manduhai was going to unite the Mongols back, and the Torguts and Oirats opposed and killed the queen's son, and paid severely) and to this day the Mongols and Kalmyks are perfectly able to talk to each other is almost the same language - like Russian and Ukrainian ”.

It is interesting that the representatives of the Kalmyk people themselves - indeed one of the Mongolian - are in no hurry to deny the correlation with "tribes in which militancy and cruelty are an integral part of their culture."

Moreover, in the comments of the ARD's recent publication - about the Buryat colonel, whose high military rank veterans of the Chechen war are asking for, some readers from Kalmykia considered the heroes of ethnic Kalmyks to be ignored.

“In Kalmykia, everyone knows the feat of Sanal Khantyev in the first Chechen war. He was a simple conscript soldier. His platoon on four armored personnel carriers was ambushed. The last two were damaged and could not continue to move. The officers abandoned the soldiers and fled in the two remaining vehicles. The militants surrounded the soldiers, offering to surrender.

In such conditions, a young 19-year-old guy took over command. I breathed confidence in my colleagues and led the defense until our troops arrived. Two days later, help came. In the home unit, they thought they were dead. The command presented him to the title of Hero of Russia, but awarded a soldier wounded in that battle, Russian by nationality. Sanal Khantyev was awarded the Order of Courage. He could become the first Hero of Russia for the Chechen company.

Two Kalmyks were awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation for the Chechen company! This is Nikolai Bairov (posthumously) and Baatr Gindeev! ”, Writes an ARD reader from Kalmykia. It is quite fair to say that our site is all-Mongolian.

“It seems to be beginning,” - this is the unanimous opinion of those who are familiar with the situation that has developed in recent years in the southernmost of the Russian regions, Astrakhan. The history of these places is full of war and mutual extermination. Once upon a time, the capital of the Golden Horde, Saray-batu, stood in these places. Nomadic peoples in the Volga delta often changed. Alans, Huns, Savirs, Bulgarians and Khazars came to these lands, crowding each other and bringing new beliefs, culture and language.

Since the 16th century, the time of Ivan the Terrible, the lower reaches of the Volga became part of Russia. Along with the conquest of Kazan, this step was part of the project of a single Russian house, firmly standing on the shores of the seas and including the main trade routes, at that time mainly waterways. Since then, the Astrakhan lands have consistently and painstakingly established themselves in the role of Russian lands: new fortresses and villages were laid on them, road routes and post stations were equipped. The Cossacks took an important part in the development of the region. Relations with local tribes, which the Russians called with a single word "Tatars", did not always develop smoothly, but in the end, "interethnic peace and stability" within the borders of the Russian state triumphed to everyone's satisfaction.

In 1630, immigrants from Eastern Siberia, Kalmyks (then they were called Mongols), appeared near the Volga delta. Twice, in 1642, unsuccessfully trying to take the fortified Astrakhan, they eventually retreated into the steppe west of the Volga. De facto, inhabiting lands belonging to the jurisdiction of the Russian tsars, they were sworn in allegiance to the Russian throne in the 18th century. However, during all this time there is no doubt that the Astrakhan region belongs to Russia and is being mastered by the Russians. A special South Russian ethnos, formed from immigrants of different centuries - soldiers, fugitive serfs, free workers, Cossacks - began to characterize the Lower Volga, laid the foundation for local traditions.

The Orthodox mission played an important role for the region. Tatars, Kalmyks, Kirghiz (today's Kazakhs), to a large extent perceived Russians as admirers of the "Russian God". The preaching of the Gospel revealed to them Christ as a merciful and conscientious God, promising protection to all nations. By the beginning of the twentieth century. a significant part of the Kalmyks and Tatars is baptized - the current belief that Buddhism is in exclusive use in these peoples and Islam is harmful and false.

Since 1917, the foundations of interethnic policy in the region have undergone dramatic changes. Obsessive internationalism, elevated to the rank of state policy, makes Russians "one of the" nationalities inhabiting the region. As in many other places, administrative boundaries were forcibly redrawn. In particular, the Kalmyk Autonomous Republic received at its disposal a wide corridor with access to the Volga in the Tsagan-Aman region. As elsewhere, the proportion between the urban and rural population was systematically violated, the birth rate in Russian-speaking families was declining. By the early 1990s, the time of the collapse of the USSR and the emergence of local North Caucasian conflicts, the Astrakhan region was already a typical depressed region, although natural and climatic factors, mineral resources and history could and have always made it a territory of outstanding prospects and special abundance.

The first and second Chechen campaigns, aggravation of interethnic relations in the North Caucasus led to the fact that a stream of legal and illegal immigrants poured into Astrakhan and the surrounding area. Under the guise of talk about democracy, the indigenous Russian population began to be squeezed out of the villages and steppe camps. The natural loss of Russians began to be more than compensated for by visiting Chechens, Dargins, and Kazakhs. At the same time, the latter do not hide their claims to the Astrakhan lands. In conditions of economic devastation and chaos, a situation characteristic of the South of the country has developed: active entrepreneurs, owners of local agricultural and industrial production, and trade enterprises are "persons of Caucasian nationality"; their interests are defended by the militia and the authorities, while ordinary Russians find themselves in the position of, albeit the majority, but the majority of powerless and ruthlessly exploited.

For a long time, the critical situation in the region was hushed up. Meanwhile, the Chechen, Dagestan and Kazakh diaspora continued to grow. The ethnic lobby has infiltrated the government - an influential Chechen became the son-in-law of the now late governor A. Guzhvin; trade in the city came under the control of the Chechens, including the historic Tatar Bazaar, where for some time Tatars stopped appearing among the traders. In the vicinity of Astrakhan, the situation became even more acute: in some settlements, the share of national minorities was comparable to that of Russians; Astrakhan villages were divided into "Chechen", "Kazakh", "Kalmyk"; representatives of non-indigenous peoples or persons defending the interests of the latter were elected to the authorities. The confrontation between the Russian population and the newcomers has become chronic. In mosques, which proliferate in cities and villages like mushrooms after rain, Wahhabi preachers have launched their activities. The leaders of the self-proclaimed Chechnya, the leaders of the militants, have repeatedly expressed themselves in the sense that they consider the Astrakhan region an obligatory part of the notorious Caucasian caliphate.

The fact of the constant aggravation of the situation, however, was hushed up. Meanwhile, skirmishes between neighbors were of the "shotgun versus Kalashnikov" type, like the one that kept in suspense for several days with. Prishib Yenotaevsky area and was resolved only with the arrival of special forces units by helicopter, occasionally flashed in different places, without indulging in wide publicity. However, in the operational reports of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB, reports of the discovery of large consignments of weapons, up to portable anti-aircraft missile kits, began to appear more and more often on the steppe roads, shepherd camps and in the houses of Chechens.

The current incident in the village. Yandyki of the Liman District, where more than 300 people took part in the anti-Chechen pogrom, only brings to the surface a complex of problems that have existed for a very long time. The places of compact settlement of Caucasians are the territory of their almost undivided and uncontrolled management. 17 cemetery crosses, incl. and the monument on the grave of a Kalmyk, demolished by Chechen youth, is a clear illustration of what is happening on the lands that once belonged entirely to the indigenous Russian inhabitants, the Astrakhan people. The relentless archaization of relations, threats, arbitrariness and violence, immersion in almost complete feudalism - this is what awaits those who have had a hard lot to live in the neighborhood of the so-called. "Caucasian refugees".

In this regard, it is noteworthy that only other ethnic diasporas - the same Kalmyks - can provide an organized rebuff to the Chechen expansion. The Russian population, like the Russian government, alas, is no longer a factor determining the situation. On the contrary, it becomes hostage to "showdowns" started by the new owners of the region. The indecision of the regional authorities can also be traced to their complete inability to oppose the powerful Caucasian lobby. In the village of Yandyki, at the moment, units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs numbering 1,500 people have been introduced. It seems that in the near future the borders of the "anti-terrorist operation" may expand to neighboring regions, including the Astrakhan region. If this happens, no military or police force will be sufficient to fully cover the territory of instability.

It is also important how public Chechen politicians react to what is happening: Alu Alkhanov, Umar Dzhabrailov, etc. They unanimously ... deny the interethnic nature of the conflict. In their opinion, the murder of a Kalmyk and the ensuing massacre is a common hooligan trick. In other words, their position is to shield their fellow tribesmen under any circumstances and prevent publicity of the problems arising in connection with the "creeping expansion" of the Chechens in the South of Russia .

“The author of a small note published on the website“ Caucasian Question ”with the eloquent title“ Why are Chechens afraid of Kalmyks? ” Voluntarily or involuntarily, he gave his text a provocative character, says Vyacheslav Nasunov, a member of the Council of Nationalities of the Moscow government, journalist and publicist. - On the whole, the article praises the Kalmyks and somewhat belittles the Chechens. And here the question arises: do the Kalmyks need this? "

In the opinion of the publicist, the military services of the Kalmyk people to Russia are well known. In terms of the number of Heroes of the Soviet Union per capita, Kalmyks rank second among all the peoples of the USSR. And nevertheless, never, at any time, did the Kalmyks have any prejudices against any people, including the Chechens. Their attitude has always been fraternal, as if they were close in spirit. Tens of thousands of Chechens in different years worked in Kalmykia, received education, made a brilliant career, were awarded orders and medals of the USSR. And the great Mahmud Esambaev was awarded the title of People's Artist of Kalmykia, Elista Street bears his name.

As for the events of 2005 in the village of Yandyki, Astrakhan Region, it cannot be argued that there was an interethnic conflict in its purest form. Representatives of the Kalmyk community, together with the Russians, confronted some immigrants from Chechnya who did not want to respect the local way of life. Their defiant behavior was condemned by both local young Chechens and elders. The same reaction in recent history in Bolshoy Tsaryn in the Oktyabrsky district, and here the whole of Kalmykia was outraged by the act of a local resident, who raised his hand against a Chechen woman.

At the same time, the author of the article claims: the two peoples are good at getting along and respect each other. For example, this spring, the head of the Chechen Interior Ministry Ruslan Alkhanov was driving through Grozny and saw schoolchildren from Kalmykia. The police lieutenant general stopped the car and went up to the children to meet and talk. Then he took a picture with young tourists and gave them 10 thousand rubles "for ice cream". According to the accompanying parents, Ruslan Shakhaevich received at that moment "xiang buin", that is, virtue in his karma, since he made such a generous gift right on Buddha's birthday.

Several years ago, on one of the central canals, the well-known politician Alexei Mitrofanov said that in Kalmykia, unlike other regions of Russia, Caucasians behave "quieter than water and lower than grass", but there was also an element of provocation and a dubious curtsey to our address.

It's time to stop speculation on this topic, says Vyacheslav Nasunov. Kalmyks are courageous, kind and peaceful people. The inner dignity that they possess never sticks out and carries in themselves as an absolutely natural property. And this is despite the tragic situation in which the Kalmyk people find themselves today.

Form of the question "Why don't Kalmyks like Russians?" leaves no room for doubt about its content and makes us immediately look for the necessarily existing reasons for the Kalmyks' dislike of Russians.

Why specifically to the Russians, and not to the Chechens, say, or the French? And who else can you not love and how, in general, you can treat Russians differently in the light of the latest events related to Ukraine. Crimea, Syria, the thirty-first Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games? ..

It is simply impossible not to fall into the trap of such an categorical wording offered by the media, and therefore it is impossible not to turn to the past in search of reasons.

The history of the emergence of the Kalmyks as a people, a nation dates back to the 17th century. It was then that part of the Oirats, the so-called Western Mongols, left Dzungaria, that is, the Oirat Khanate, located on the territory of Western China, and crossed the southern borders of Russia.

What are the reasons for this outcome

They are typical for this time: internecine strife, the problem of lack of pastures, which, probably, became the determining factor - the Oirats were mainly cattle breeders. But there is another version of their exodus from the Oirat Khanate - the unwillingness of some of the Oirats to accept Islam, they wanted to remain Buddhists.

Thus, they appeared on the territory of Russia without permission, and so far there was nothing for them to hate the Russians. The first decades of the Oirats' stay on the territory of the Russians were not pleasant in all respects: between the Don and the Volga it was allowed to live, graze cattle and Kazakhs, and Nogays, and Bashkirs.

It was they who resisted the invasion of the Oirats. The future Kalmyks should have begun to hate them! Halmgi, as Kalmyks sometimes call themselves, turned to the Russian Tsar for help.

Given the difficult situation in Russia: riots, claims from the Crimean Tatars, Turks, difficult relations with Ukraine, the Russian tsar allows Kalmyks to roam between the Don and Volga, and at the same time, appreciating the fact that the Kalmyks have always been excellent horsemen and brave warriors, puts on their duty is to protect the southern borders of the Fatherland from external enemies. Kalmyks voluntarily undertake to serve the Russian tsar.

And during this period of history, there was no reason for hatred. But the Russian tsar should have been on his guard.

Despite the agreement of "eternal obedience" and the prohibition to raid Russian cities with all the ensuing consequences, the Kalmyks, fighting with the now common enemy, allowed themselves to take the Russians prisoner and plunder them while they were nomadic.

And now the Kalmyks, who created their own Kalmyk Khanate in the south of Russia, could not have a reason for hatred. The prosperous life of the Kalmyks in their khanate was tested in the thirties of the 18th century.

Among the representatives of the top of the former Oirats, internecine wars began. The Russian government could not but intervene in these events. In addition, colonization by Russian landowners and peasants of the lands on which the Kalmyks roamed began.

As a result, Kalmyk pastures have decreased. On top of that, cold weather came to the south. The loss of livestock, hunger began. Some of the influential Kalmyks, it should be noted, without any pressure from the Russians, decided to return to Dzungaria, which by that time had been conquered by the Qing dynasty.

This decision became the cause of the tragedy that befell the Kalmyks. During the campaign to their historical homeland, about one hundred thousand Kalmyks perished, almost all the cattle fell.

What did the ruling Catherine II do during this period? She liquidated the Kalmyk Khanate. The remaining Kalmyks were assigned to the Cossack troops of the Urals and Don.

Yes, you can probably hate the Russians for the misfortunes that have befallen the Kalmyks. But this hatred is some kind of humiliating, stupid, hatred of those who have forgotten about the good, who close their eyes to their own guilt ...

In modern history, in the history of the 20th century, there is a fact that, perhaps, could cause hatred for Russians. In 1943-1944 Kalmyks, mostly old people, women and children, because almost the entire capable male population, about thirty thousand, fought with the Nazis, was deported from the territory of their compact residence.

The reason is the cooperation of the Kalmyks with fascist Germany: the invaders created the Kalmyk cavalry regiment. It consisted of about three and a half thousand Kalmyks.

And yet, why not love Russians? The decision to deport was made by the government (I wonder what percentage of Russians were in it?) And concerned not only non-Russian peoples: Volga Germans, Chechens, Crimean Tatars, but also Russians.

Let's remember the history of our country

30s of the 20th century, a period of collectivization, mass dispossession and eviction of wealthy peasants by whole families to the uninhabited regions of the North and Siberia. Can one nation hate another nation for having the same tragedy?

One could probably turn to physiology, psychology, ethics, aesthetics in search of the reasons for the Kalmyks' dislike of Russians. But the results would also be "zero".

It is unlikely that any of the seekers would have been able to discover not only the reasons, but also the facts of manifestation of hatred of one people towards another, because it is not clear how these manifestations “look”.

How can one nation (by definition, a historically formed community of people, which arose on the basis of a common language, territory, economy, psyche, culture), can not love another nation? How do all the Kalmyks dislike everyone, every single one, Russians ?!

Dislike, hate is a feeling. And feeling is an individual phenomenon. It can occur in a specific person in relation to a specific person. Yes, there are nationalists among the Kalmyks, as well as among the Russians, Ukrainians, Germans, and Americans.

Separate facts of manifestation of national hatred of Kalmyks towards Russians are known. But nationalism is a political phenomenon, fundamentally rational, associated with beliefs. It can become quite massive under certain conditions, but it will never be universal.

A resident of Kalmykia, accused of beating a Chechen woman Tabarik Dudayeva, was detained on suspicion of hooliganism motivated by ethnic hatred, a law enforcement officer told the "Caucasian Knot". The incident in Bolshoy Tsaryn is an isolated case, said representatives of the Chechen community in Kalmykia.

A resident of Bolshoy Tsaryn, Oktyabrsky district of Kalmykia, suspected of beating Tabarik Dudaeva, "was first detained on suspicion of committing a crime under Part 2 of Art. 115 ( deliberate infliction of slight harm to health, committed on the basis of national or religious hatred or enmity - approx. "Caucasian Knot"), but today ( 24 August) the article was re-qualified. Now he is charged with committing a crime under Art. h. 1b art. 213 ( hooliganism committed based on racial or national hatred or enmity - approx. "Caucasian Knot") ", - a law enforcement officer told the" Caucasian Knot "correspondent.

"Now the detainee is in the IVS in Malye Derbety," he said

The intermunicipal department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs "Maloderbetovsky", which includes the police department of the Oktyabrsky district, confirmed to the "Caucasian Knot" correspondent that the case on the fact of beating Dudayeva "has already been initiated", but they refrained from further comments. The "Caucasian Knot" has not yet received any comments from the press service of the Kalmykian Interior Ministry.

Two Kalmyks who are suspected of beating Tabarik Dudayeva have been charged with hooliganism motivated by ethnic enmity, Chechnya Today writes on August 24, citing Roman Isaev, representative of the head of Chechnya in the Republic of Kalmykia.

According to him, the doctors came to the conclusion that the victim had received "slight harm to her health," however, upon completion of the study, additional conclusions will be drawn, since there may be hidden head injuries.

Earlier, on August 21, one of those accused of beating Tabarik Dudayeva said that he greatly regrets what he had done, Kavkaz.Realii writes. He explained his behavior by saying that he "went overboard with whom it does not happen." At the same time, he apologized to Dudayeva and said that there was no "national motive", and the conflict took place on a domestic basis.

District leadership apologized to local Chechens

On August 23, the head of the Oktyabrsky region "officially apologized to the Chechens living in Bolshoy Tsaryn," a representative of the Chechen social and cultural association "Consent" (Bart) in the Oktyabrsky region told the "Caucasian Knot" correspondent Hamid Gatsayev.

“Yesterday we had a meeting. The head of the Oktyabrsky district, his deputy, the head of the Maloderbetovsky police department met with the Chechens living in Bolshoy Tsaryn. in the legal field, "Gatsaev said.

“He was detained after he beat Dudayeva, but was released the same evening. They said they had a conversation with him, but there were no grounds for keeping him in the IVS. The next day he went to work and also gave a comment to journalists. in social networks, people began to resent - beat the woman and is still at large. Then he was again detained and already sent to the detention center in Malye Derbety. Today (August 24) is the third day he has been in the IVS. As a police representative explained to us, the investigation will be determined by the article after the results of the medical examination are received, "Gatsaev said.

According to him, "about 20 Chechen families" live in Bolshoy Tsaryn, and "ten more families" live in the region. At the same time, representatives of 48 nationalities live in the village, and there have never been conflicts based on interethnic hostility between them, Gatsaev added.

"In the late 1970s, rice cultivation began in the Oktyabrsky District of Kalmykia. It was an all-Union campaign, people from all over the country came to work here. I myself have lived here since 1979. In Bolshoy Tsaryn, of course, there are clashes on the basis of everyday life - young people there are young people. But for the conflict to occur because of interethnic hostility - I have never heard of this. This is the first time, "- assured Gatsaev.

According to him, the victim's husband works at a livestock station in Bolshoy Tsaryn, Tabarik Dudaeva herself is engaged in a private cab.

After the beating, she was hospitalized in a Volgograd hospital, Khamid Gatsayev said.

“She is in serious condition - the bridge of her nose is broken, her teeth are knocked out, one eye is numb. I talked to her husband, told him to find a lawyer and not listen to advice on the Internet. The situation is now under control. The culprit of the incident was detained. field ", - summed up Gatsaev.

The incident in Bolshoy Tsaryn does not reflect the situation with interethnic relations in the republic

On August 23, there was a meeting with Chechens who came to Elista from Chechnya after the beating of Dudayeva, the head of the Chechen social and cultural association "Consent" (Bart) in Kalmykia told the "Caucasian Knot" correspondent Umar Elzhurkaev.

"There was a stir, of course, among the Chechen youth. Yesterday ( August 23) about a thousand people gathered in the Shelkovsky district, were ready to go to Kalmykia. The Chechen authorities had to block the road. The imam and the head of the district addressed the audience and asked everyone to calm down. But someone came here anyway. I met with some of them yesterday, explained to them that everything is under control, a criminal case has been opened, "Elzhurkaev said.

He, like Gatsaev, believes that the incident in Bolshoy Tsaryn does not reflect the situation with interethnic relations in the republic.

"Sometimes ... there are conflicts. But this does not mean that there is some tension between the Chechens and Kalmyks. After the resonance in social networks, my acquaintances from Kalmyks called me, saying that they were ashamed of what had happened," Elzhurkaev said.

According to him, the last major conflict between Chechens and Kalmyks took place in the village of Sadovoe, Sarpinsky District, Kalmykia in 2016.

"There was a fight in the cafe, which turned into a mass one - a total of 10-15 people participated in it. The OMON and SOBR at that time blocked the road so that residents of Kalmykia from other regions or Chechens from neighboring regions did not stir up the conflict further," he explained Elzhurkaev.

The head of "Consent" lamented that negative information arouses greater interest, which distorts the real picture of interethnic relations in the republic.

“I bring children from Elista to Chechnya, they meet with their peers there. They come home full of impressions. But no one is interested, no one writes about it. Skinheads were chasing this boy, and the Kalmyk guy fell on him and covered him with his body. my phone never stops talking for days, "said Elzhurkaev.

It should be reminded that a major conflict between Kalmyks and Chechens took place in August 2005 in the village of Yandyki, Limansky District, Astrakhan Region. On the night of August 15-16, a massive brawl took place in the village between Kalmyks and Chechens (up to 400 people took part in it), as a result of which one of the Kalmyks was killed and another received moderate bodily injuries. During the funeral of the deceased, on August 18, a crowd (about 500 people) began to burn houses and cars belonging to Chechens and beat their owners. In total, eight houses were burned, three cars were smashed, and five people were injured.