Alimentary obesity (exogenous constitutional) is a type of metabolic pathology in which hereditary factors do not play a significant role. External causes are of leading importance in the development of this disease, but the influence of the initial state of the organism on the process should not be ruled out.

All factors contributing to the development of alimentary obesity can be divided into external and internal. External ones include regular overeating, the presence in the diet of a large amount of food rich in fats and simple carbohydrates (baked goods, sweets, pasta, fatty meat dishes, etc.), improper dietary habits (eating off-schedule, taking high-calorie and heavy meals at night) ... Today, the problem of a sedentary lifestyle is especially relevant as one of the key links in the pathogenesis of obesity. Internal factors include metabolic diseases (diabetes mellitus, etc.) A special group is made up of hormonal imbalances with excessive or insufficient function of the gonads that occur during pregnancy and lactation, during menopause in women. In the anamnesis of almost every obese person, there are relatives who suffer to some extent from metabolic pathology, which indicates the unchanging role of genetic predisposition to the disease.

The United Nations estimates that the countries with the highest percentage of obese populations are the United States (32.8%), Mexico (31.8%) and Syria (31.6%). Russia occupies 28th line in this rating, the level of overweight population is 24.9%.

Existing classification

Classification of degrees of obesity:

1. Excess body weight is 10-29%.
2. Excess weight - 30-49%.
3. Excess weight - 50-99%.
4. The actual body weight of a person exceeds the norm by 100%.

Obesity types by adipose tissue placement:

1. Android (male) obesity is sometimes called central obesity. This type is characterized by the deposition of fatty masses in the abdomen, armpits, lower back and back.
2. Gynoid (female) obesity - fat deposits occur in the chest, buttocks and thighs, lower abdomen.
3. Mixed - relatively equal distribution of fat throughout the body.

The deposition of adipose tissue in the body is a genetically determined process that is controlled by sex hormones. With hormonal dysfunction in men or women, a redistribution of adipose tissue can occur according to the type of the opposite sex.

Particular attention should be paid to the process of obesity of internal organs. With a slight excess of body weight, its percentage is low, but the higher the degree of obesity, the more fat is distributed around the internal organs. The development of pathologies of fat metabolism is possible, leading to inclusions of fatty drops between functional cells of organs, which leads to the development of dystrophies of the latter ("tiger" heart, fatty degeneration of the liver, etc.). Any dystrophy is accompanied by a violation or failure of the organ, which leads to the appearance of concomitant diseases.

Clinical picture

In addition to fat deposits, alimentary obesity is characterized by some minor symptoms. These include shortness of breath and respiratory failure, palpitations during exertion, excessive sweating. They arise as a result of an increase in the volume of circulating blood along with adipose tissue, but the heart with such a load copes with difficulty and with the inclusion of compensatory mechanisms. The lack of breathing may be partly due to the increased size of the internal organs and the greater omentum, which press on the diaphragm from below, thus compressing the lungs. Against the background of a constant excess of lipoproteins in the blood, atherosclerotic vascular lesions develop, which underlies the development of coronary heart disease. Excess adipose tissue can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes. Every fat person is a potential diabetic.

Stretch marks may appear on the skin (white or red stripes, similar to scars, appear when a person is recovering quickly, but the elasticity of his skin does not allow to accommodate the dramatically increased volume of tissue). Excessive sweating creates favorable conditions for the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria in the folds, which leads to pustular skin diseases. Constant excessive pressure on the spine can lead to deformities and curvatures.

Obesity diagnosis

The body mass index is the international standard in the diagnosis of obesity. It is calculated by the formula: BMI = body weight (kg) / height² (m), (kg / m).

This indicator is very subjective, since it does not take into account the weight of a person's muscle mass. Based on BMI alone, it can be mistakenly assumed that a well-muscled athlete is overweight.

On examination, the following indicators are determined:

1. The thickness of the skin fold on the abdomen, at the angle of the scapula, shoulder (the norm is up to 1.5-2 cm).
2. Waist circumference. For a man, this indicator should be less than 101-102 cm, for a woman - less than 87-88 cm.
3. Type of constitution (hypersthenics are most prone to obesity - people of a strong, stocky build).

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Necessary treatment

In order to reduce or get rid of obesity, a complete reorganization of the lifestyle is required. The nutritionist prescribes a strict diet for such a patient with restriction of fats and carbohydrates, gradually reducing the calorie content of the daily diet. Alimentary obesity is by no means cured by fasting. Food is fractional, in small portions, up to 5-6 times a day. The patient is recommended moderate physical activity: walks in the fresh air, remedial gymnastics and physical education. If you feel well, the load can be increased.

Obesity is the excess accumulation of fat in the human body. It can grow from the initial stage into the last - the fourth, which will cause the most serious consequences. Why obesity occurs and how to treat it, you can find out further.

Obesity by body mass index

Depending on how much excess fat in the body is greater than muscle mass, there are 4 degrees of obesity in terms of body mass index.

Body mass index (BMI) is a calculated value that helps you assess whether you are overweight or underweight. It is calculated by dividing the body weight (kg) of a person by the square of his height (m).

If the BMI is in the range of 20.0-25.9, then a person over 25 has a normal weight. When the BMI is 26-27.9, it means that the person is overweight.

The following degrees of obesity are distinguished.

BMI will be in the range of 28.0-30.9 for people over 25 years old, and 27.5-29.9 for those aged 18-25.

2nd degree

Appears, pain in the spine and joints, profuse sweating. Lipid metabolism is disturbed, which provokes heart disease. Body fat makes up 30-50% of muscle body mass, and BMI for people over 25 years old is 31.0-35.9, for younger people (from 18 to 25 years old) - 30.0-34.9, respectively.

With obesity in the second stage, the risk of endocrine and metabolic disorders increases.

Grade 3

Body weight exceeds normal values ​​by 50% or more. Obesity is difficult to tolerate, a person suffers from shortness of breath, does not tolerate physical activity. Complications arise - arthrosis of the joints, strokes, heart attacks.

BMI corresponds to 36.0–40.9 for 25-year-olds and older, and 35.0–39.9 for younger age (18–25 years).

Normal body weight is a weight that corresponds to a certain height of a person, given his physique.

4 degree

Weight is 2 times more than normal. This stage is rare, since patients simply do not live to see it. They usually do not leave the bed, cannot move, shortness of breath excruciates even at rest. Often, the shape of the body takes on a monstrous character, a person resembles a monster with a shapeless body, consisting of mountains of fat.

BMI will show 40.0 and above for 18-25-year-olds and 41.0 and above for older people.

Obesity reasons

There are many causes of this condition, from overeating to hormonal imbalances. Therefore, there are two main groups of obesity:

Exogenous

Types of exogenous obesity:

• Alimentary-constitutional obesity... The main reasons are physical inactivity, the cult of food (overeating, unhealthy diet, passion for fast food), stress, depression. It belongs to family diseases. In these families, usually all household members have one of the degrees of obesity. And also this type is characteristic of the female sex, especially women who have crossed the 40-year mark. The energy balance is disturbed. All the energy that enters the body is not completely consumed, but is deposited in the form of adipose tissue.
• Exogenous constitutional obesity... It is progressive. It affects people with sedentary work and fast food lovers. But it differs from the previous one in that it is not hereditary and is not a consequence of any disease.
• Visceral obesity... Adipose tissue is not deposited in the subcutaneous layer, but is localized around the internal organs. Both men and women are subject to it. "Beer belly" belongs to this type. It is more difficult to treat and provoke diabetes, since it is associated with a violation of metabolic processes in the body.

Visceral obesity can be determined by measuring the circumference of the waist. The norm is considered to be the waist circumference for women up to 80 cm, for men - no more than 95 cm. If the indicators are higher than these values, then it is time to take action.

Endogenous

Endogenous types of obesity are as follows:

• Cerebral obesity... It occurs due to trauma, inflammation and neoplasms (malignant and benign) of the brain. It is not a hereditary disease.
• Endocrine obesity... It occurs against the background of dysfunction of the hormonal system, with diseases of the pituitary gland, hypofunction of the thyroid and gonads. Also not hereditary.

These two obesity is difficult to cure, since it is necessary to treat it together with the underlying disease causing this ailment.

Obesity treatment

The approach to obesity treatment depends on the severity of the disease.

Obesity 1 degree

For the treatment of obesity of the 1st degree, a set of measures is used:

• Diet. Reduce the daily calorie intake, reduce the intake of carbohydrates and lipids. They feed fractionally, replace animal fats with vegetable oil.
• Physical exercise. Regularity is important here - you must not allow yourself to be lazy. A set of exercises is selected and begins with 3-5 repetitions, gradually increasing the number of repetitions and exercises. The process of losing weight will take a long time, it is not worth hoping for a quick result.
• Ethnoscience. And also traditional medicine will help restore normal weight. For example, they drink ginger infusion every day. Take 50 g of fresh ginger root, grind it and pour 1 liter of boiling water. There, add half a lemon, cut into slices, and a little fresh mint. Leave to brew and drink 1 glass before meals.

It is important to note that for obesity, a medical diet is prescribed by a doctor - table number 8, which can be found in the video:

Obesity grade 2

With 2 degrees of obesity, they are also prescribed:

• Diet therapy, but it will be more strict. The nutritionist will select a low-calorie diet in which the main products will be vegetables and fruits.
• The specialist can direct daily physical exercises to physiotherapy exercises, taking into account the age and state of health of the patient.
• Herbal medicine. Herbs are used, which create a satiety effect and reduce appetite, as they swell in the stomach. These are flax seeds or angelica officinalis. Diuretics are also effective - lingonberry leaf, parsley root.

In advanced cases, medications are prescribed, which are aimed at reducing appetite and removing excess fluid from the body. The drugs are selected by the doctor for each patient individually.

Obesity grade 3

At 3 degrees of obesity, they first undergo an examination - they donate blood for hormones and sugar and, with the help of a doctor, identify the cause that provokes excess weight gain. Apply:

• Diet and fasting days, limit carbohydrates and sugar in the diet. They eat fractionally, reducing portions.
• Physical exercise. They are performed at a moderate pace at the initial stage. Start with morning exercises, walking short distances. They are more active when they lose weight significantly.
• Medical treatment. Treatment with drugs is prescribed only by a specialist.

With 3 degrees of obesity, the patient cannot cope on his own and only in tandem with the doctor will he achieve a positive effect from the treatment.

Obesity grade 4

At grade 4, treatment takes place under the supervision of the attending physician. In addition to diet, exercise, treatment of concomitant diseases, surgical intervention is used:

• Liposuction- remove excess adipose tissue if the patient's life is threatened. As a result of the operation, the load on the vital organs is reduced.
• Vertical gastroplasty- vertically divide the stomach into two parts. After the operation, the upper part of the stomach becomes smaller in volume, and therefore, it fills up with food faster and satiety sets in sooner.
• Gastric bypass, in which a small part of the stomach is isolated. As a result, the patient receives less food, but after the operation it is necessary to consume vitamins and minerals throughout his life.
• Biliopancreatic shunting... Part of the stomach is removed. And as in the previous case, it is necessary to take vitamins and minerals for life.

A medical method of treatment at grade 4 is rarely prescribed, since the body is in a serious condition. A person with this stage is considered seriously ill, in whom all vital organs are affected.

Fatty liver and its treatment

Fatty hepatosis is one of the most common diseases of this type, in which liver tissue degenerates into fatty tissue.

Causes

The main reasons are:

• abuse of fatty foods and alcohol;
• violation of metabolic processes;
• lack of vitamins and proteins in the diet;
• chronic poisoning by substances.

Development of hepatosis

In the early stages of development, the disease, especially caused by endocrine disorders, may not manifest itself for a long time. Patients usually complain of indigestion, nausea, and vomiting. With progressive disease, jaundice is observed, which is accompanied by itching of the skin. In patients, the liver is enlarged.

Since the initial symptoms are characteristic of a variety of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, you should definitely visit a specialist and undergo an examination to establish an accurate diagnosis and prescribe the optimal treatment option.

The main task is to find the factor that provoked fatty hepatosis. Therefore, the patient must be ready to give up bad habits or leave harmful production.

During treatment, as well as after it, a person must adhere to a strict diet. All fatty foods are excluded from the diet - meat, fish, dairy, as well as canned food, smoked meats, baked goods and fried foods. And, of course, you should forget about any consumption of alcoholic beverages.

In addition to the diet, the doctor may prescribe a vitamin course or drug therapy. In some cases, you will have to take medications for the rest of your life. They also pay special attention to lipid metabolism, if necessary, correct it with anti-cholesterol drugs.

If treatment is not started in a timely manner, hepatosis can turn into chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver.

Treatment of obesity of the liver with folk remedies

In folk medicine, there are several recipes that help the liver to get rid of adipose tissue:

• Rosehip infusion... 100 g of dry rose hips are poured into a thermos and poured with boiling water, insisted for 8 hours. Drink infusion of 200 ml 3 times a day.
• Apricot pits... No more than 6 apricot kernels are eaten per day, they prevent the accumulation of fat in the liver. However, do not get carried away with them, as they contain a small amount of cyanide.
• Lemon pits... Promotes the restoration of liver cells. To do this, they must be crushed and mixed with an equal amount of honey. Take 1 teaspoon on an empty stomach.

Prevention of obesity

Obesity is a dangerous disease, so it is better to prevent it than fight it for a long time. This is especially true for people at risk. This:

• people whose parents are overweight;
• people leading an inactive lifestyle by virtue of their profession;
• food lovers;
• people with diseases of the endocrine system and gastrointestinal tract;
• people taking medications - hormonal, contraceptive and psychotropic drugs.

Preventive measures:

• Limit consumption of table salt, easily digestible carbohydrates. Monitor the amount of food consumed.
• Limit consumption of alcoholic beverages that stimulate appetite and reduce satiety sensitivity.
• Lead an active lifestyle that helps burn calories.
• Improve the psycho-emotional state. Because of stress, depression, negative emotions, a person usually "seizes" food.
• Timely treat concomitant diseases - diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction.

During pregnancy, the female body begins to rebuild. Therefore, during this period, it is so important to keep under control the condition of both the woman and the fetus. According to medical statistics, a fairly large number of pregnant women have impaired blood flow. Additional arising in the body requires constant monitoring by specialists. Its violation can lead to the death of the fetus, and this can happen at any stage of pregnancy. Let's try to figure out why blood flow is disturbed during pregnancy.

A bit of theory

Everyone knows that the placenta acts as a link between the woman's body and the fetus. In this complex system, two types of blood circulation are distinguished - placental and fetal. Any violation of one of them can lead to rather sad consequences, including the development of various diseases. The severity of the problem is assessed only by the doctor.

In this case, a woman who is in the 30th week of pregnancy must necessarily undergo special ultrasound diagnostics, in which the placental vessels are clearly visible in a three-dimensional image. If there is any violation, the doctor will definitely see it, as there is a change in the spatial relationship of the uterine and fetal-placental blood circulation. This is a very dangerous state of the body, since the respiratory function is suppressed, and the development of the fetus is suspended.

Degrees of violation

Medicine distinguishes three degrees of severity of this pathology. The first degree is considered the mildest, when insufficient blood circulation has not yet reached its critical values. In this case, the hemodynamics of the fetus is in a satisfactory state. Allocate a violation of the uteroplacental blood flow of 1 A degree and insufficient fetal-placental blood circulation of 1 B degree.

The second degree is characterized by a deterioration in the blood supply to the fetus. In 50% of cases, there is a decrease in the maximum rate of blood flow through all heart valves, and such a violation is observed both in the fetus and in the uterine arteries.

Quite often, in a short period of time, the second degree passes into the third. In this case, blood flow practically ceases to flow to the fetus, which can cause hypoxia. There is a high likelihood of a decrease in diastolic blood flow in the aorta, and in some cases it can completely disappear.

Causes

If there is a disturbance of blood flow of the 1st degree during pregnancy, the reasons leading to this may be different. Numerous adverse factors can affect the placenta not only during its formation, but also at a later date. Medical practice distinguishes primary and secondary due to which the functioning of the placenta is disrupted, which acts as a transport, protective, immune, metabolic and endocrine organ.

Thus, impaired blood flow of grade 1 A during pregnancy can occur for the following reasons:

• swelling of the uterus;
• genetic defects;
• the consequences of abortion;
• infectious diseases;
• hypertonic disease;
• diseases of the adrenal glands and thyroid gland;
• structural anomalies;
• hormonal dysfunctions;
• thrombosis, atherosclerosis;
• diabetes.

If this pathology is not eliminated in a timely manner, then after 6 weeks a slight disturbance of blood flow can go into the third stage. If a problem is detected in the 30th week, the doctor still has enough time to take appropriate measures to restore normal blood circulation.

Symptoms

Any pathology is characterized by its clinical picture, thanks to which the doctor can make an appropriate conclusion. The lack of hemodynamics leads to a change in the functioning of the placenta, because of which the fetus begins to suffer. The necessary nutrients and oxygen begin to flow to it in a limited amount, and the excretion of metabolic products slows down. Signs begin to appear, as a result of which its intrauterine development is suspended.

Thus, if there is a violation of blood flow during pregnancy, the symptoms of this condition appear as follows:

• cardiopalmus;
• decrease or increase in fetal motor activity;
• inconsistency of the volume of the abdomen with a specific gestational age.

Such signs usually occur with a decompensated form. If the disturbance of uterine blood flow during pregnancy is grade 1 A or 1 B, then these symptoms are not yet manifested, since hemodynamics is compensated. It is usually detected during diagnostic studies.

Diagnostics

To identify a disturbance in blood flow of 1 A degree during pregnancy, it is necessary to undergo a series of examinations, with the help of which the type and degree of the changes that have occurred, and also determine the condition of the fetus, are determined. In this case, the doctor prescribes the following procedures:

• a blood test for hormones such as estrogens, chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone;
• cardiotocography;
• ultrasonography;
• dopplerometry.

In some cases, the doctor, already during the examination, is able to determine the disturbance that has arisen, focusing on the child's heart rate, which are calculated during auscultation. But the most reliable results are usually obtained after laboratory and instrumental research.

Treatment

Any degree of disturbance must be treated. Basically, therapeutic measures are aimed at ensuring that the pathology does not progress in the future. Hemodynamics is normalized only if a 1B degree blood flow disorder is detected.

In abnormal pregnancies, various means are used to improve the condition of the fetus. Conservative methods of treatment are mainly used. Surgical intervention is possible only in case of complications and for vital indications. When normalizing blood flow disorders, a set of measures is used - pathogenetic, etiotropic and symptomatic treatment.

Drug treatment

Most often, a degree 1 A blood flow disorder during pregnancy is corrected with drugs. If the initial signs of a disorder are detected, treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis. More severe circulatory failure requires hospitalization.

The following drugs are used for treatment:

• antispasmodics - "Euphyllin", "No-shpa";
• vascular - "Actovegin";
• antiplatelet agents - "Kurantil";
• vitamins and microelements - "Ascorbic acid", "Magne B6";
• hepatoprotectors - Hofitol, Essentiale;
• tocolytics - "Partusisten", "Ginipral";
• improving blood microcirculation - "Trental";
• antihypoxants - "Instenon";
• metabolic - "ATP".

Usually, to improve the condition, two courses of therapy are carried out - immediately after the diagnosis was made and for a period of 32-34 weeks. After that, the doctor decides on the method of delivery. This is especially important if the circulatory disorder is.

Surgery

If the violation of blood flow is pronounced, emergency delivery is performed. In case of ineffectiveness of conservative treatment, even in the case of a mild violation, the decision is made within two days. A caesarean section is usually done. If it is planned for a gestational age of less than 32 weeks, then the condition of the fetus and its viability are assessed.

Preventive measures

To avoid such a pathological condition as impaired blood flow of 1 A degree during pregnancy, preventive measures should be taken. A woman who is expecting a child should eat foods containing essential vitamins, micro- and macroelements, fats, carbohydrates and proteins. Every day, you should consume at least 1.5 liters of liquid, but only if you do not suffer from swelling.

It's also important to keep your weight under control. During pregnancy, the recommended weight gain should not exceed 10 kg. Women at risk receive prophylaxis with drugs for the interaction of the systems of the mother's body with the fetus and to prevent extremely dangerous dysfunction of the uteroplacental circulation. An important role is played by a timely adjusted method of childbirth management. But it should be remembered that even adherence to these measures does not exclude the occurrence of severe neurological complications.

Conclusion

Thus, it is important to control blood flow during pregnancy. The reasons may vary. The main thing is to monitor your health, and timely detection of pathology will help prevent serious consequences for the unborn child.

Exogenous constitutional obesity is a serious disease in which profound disturbances of the metabolic and enzymatic systems of the body occur.

As a result, there is an imbalance in the synthesis of fats, their consumption due to the low level of energy expenditure in excess of its intake.

What is alimentary-constitutional obesity?

Exogenous-constitutional obesity is otherwise called alimentary-constitutional. Alimentary means primary. It is caused by non-hormonal dysfunctions. On the contrary, obesity causes a change in the body's hormonal levels.

Young people do not suffer from this disease, they usually have secondary obesity. Secondary is the result of diseases of the central nervous system or mental disorders.

Obesity of exogenous constitutional genesis depends only on nutrition. Such a diagnosis is given to those who are prone to overweight, loves fatty, carbohydrate foods. At the same time, it consumes an excess amount of food with very little energy consumption. The body does not have time to spend all the energy that comes with food, and it turns into fat.

Fat is deposited on the chest, pelvic region, thighs. In men - on the stomach. With a very high degree of fat accumulation, this difference is not noticeable. Body weight is exceeded by 50 and even 70%. The danger is that some of the fat is stored in reserve around the internal organs, in the subcutaneous tissue. Fat accumulates on the belly in the form of a huge fold.

Alimentary-constitutional obesity is caused by the following reasons:

• energy imbalance: increased calorie content and reduced calorie intake due to a sedentary lifestyle;
• systematic overeating;
• violation of the eating regimen: rare meals with a large amount of food at a time;
• often occurs in members of the same family or close relatives. In such families, there is a cult of food, usually unhealthy and unbalanced.

Depression and stress are also contributing factors. Many people, especially women, have a tendency to seize on trouble.

Constitutional means that a person has an individual predisposition, his own eating habits, the level of hunger, the degree of energy expenditure, and physical activity.

This type of obesity is progressive. It is not hereditary, it is not a consequence of any diseases of the body. Initially, there may be no symptoms.

Usually adults after 45-50 years old, housewives, people with a sedentary lifestyle get sick.

Obesity

A common sign of obesity is being overweight. Depending on the amount of fat in the body, obesity:

• first degree - the weight exceeds the norm by no more than 29%. The state of health is normal. There are no functional impairments. Normal lifestyle;
• 2 degree - the weight is exceeded by 29-40%. Weakness, shortness of breath, drowsiness appear;
• third degree - the weight exceeds the norm by 40% or more. Symptoms worsen, physical exertion difficulties appear;
• 4 degree - the weight is exceeded by 50% or more. It is life-threatening. Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath even at rest, inability to move. This is rare because people usually do not live up to this stage.

At the first degree, there are no special changes in a person's life. In the second and third stages, metabolic disorders appear.

The risk of heart attack, as well as stroke, increases dramatically. Problems with joints (arthrosis, arthritis) and spine are aggravated.

Excessive sweating causes skin problems. Swelling of the extremities is observed. Lipid metabolism is impaired, which causes heart disease.

Obesity grade 2

When the primary signs of excess weight accumulation appear, it is time to sound the alarm, otherwise the disease turns into, in which functional disorders in the body begin to appear.

The body mass index at this stage is in the range of 31–36. In this case, obesity develops alimentary.

It is dangerous not only by the manifestation of certain diseases. The dangerous thing is that the disease progresses, the weight increases.

In addition to the diseases mentioned, the following problems appear:

• impaired renal function;
• hypertonic disease;
• angina pectoris, ischemia;
• low immunity, inability to fight infections (colds, flu);
• violations in the sexual sphere, decreased libido;
• problems in the intestines and stomach;
• respiratory failure, cor pulmonale;
• eczema, furunculosis, acne, hyperpigmentation of friction sites;
• , breast cancer, uterus.

There are psychological problems associated with a change in appearance, the inability to lead a normal life.

The patient must make an appointment with an endocrinologist in order to immediately begin the appropriate treatment. Many people miss this moment, go to the doctor only at 3 stages, when health problems are so serious that there is no other way out except for the clinic.

How is obesity treated?

With 1 degree of obesity, the following therapy is used:

• diet - reducing the total calorie content, limiting carbohydrate intake, excluding animal fats;
• regular exercise - a gradual increase in stress;
• folk recipes for weight loss.

Treatment of the 2nd degree:

• stricter diet - low-calorie food, increased consumption of vegetables, fruits;
• increased physical activity - physiotherapy exercises, taking into account age and health status;
• folk recipes - plants with a high fiber content, which give the effect of quick saturation: flax seed, angelica;
• diuretic plants are used: lingonberry leaf, parsley root.

In difficult cases, medications are individually selected to reduce appetite, remove fluid.

Third degree

Requires drug treatment. First, a full examination is carried out, tests for hormones, sugar. The causes of obesity are identified. Appointed:

• diet, fasting days - strict restriction of carbohydrates, sugar. Fractional food. Reducing portions;
• moderate exercise - exercise, walking. A gradual increase in loads;
• medications are used under the supervision of a physician.

Fourth degree

Diet, physical activity no longer helps, even harmful. Treatment is mainly surgical. According to the indications, the following are carried out:

• liposuction - removal of excess fat with a threat to life and health;
• vertical gastroplasty - vertical division of the stomach into 2 parts. The upper part fills up quickly and saturates;
• gastric bypass - removal of part of the stomach. Nutrition becomes less, the lack of vitamins and microelements needs to be replenished throughout life;
• pills are not prescribed because the body is sick. At this stage, the state of health is extremely difficult. The patient is disabled.

Obesity is a very dangerous disease. It is very important to take care not to start gaining weight. This is especially true for those who are at risk for exogenous constitutional obesity:

• people whose parents were overweight;
• adult population leading a sedentary lifestyle;
• young people with increased appetite;
• people with endocrine disorders;
• adults with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• women taking hormonal drugs, contraceptives, psychotropic substances.

In order not to gain excess weight, you need to adhere to the following rules:

• reduce the consumption of salt, fast carbohydrates, sugar;
• reduce the total amount of food;
• exclusion of alcohol, as it stimulates the appetite, dulls the feeling of satiety;
• lead an active lifestyle with adequate physical activity;
• eliminate stress, depression, negative emotions;
• treat all concomitant diseases: diabetes, gastrointestinal tract disorders, thyroid gland.

Patients with alimentary-constitutional obesity make up more than 70% of all overweight patients. This means that in most cases the culprits for the accumulation of excess weight are the people themselves who lead the wrong lifestyle, eat incorrectly, and move little. Added to this are constant nervous overloads.

All of these negative factors are fairly easy to eliminate. This means that human health is in his own hands.