Aerated concrete is a material with which you can quickly build a house. It holds heat well and is easy to install. Buildings made of aerated concrete have a maximum of 3 floors. This is due to the calculation of the maximum load. There are ceilings in such houses different types, depending on the capabilities of the customer's wishes. Let's try to understand most of them.

Features and types of floors for aerated concrete

The floors of the first floor are a structurally important part of the building. It is on them that the entire vertical load of the walls of a house made of aerated concrete falls. The floors also have to withstand the weight of installed furniture, flooring and people living in the building. In addition, they provide the necessary rigidity to the structure. Photo of wooden beams of different sections below.

It is especially important to correctly calculate and select floors for houses made of aerated concrete. Due to its porosity, this material has lower compressive strength, which should be taken into account when choosing beams of different sections or other structures for a building made of gas silicate blocks.

There are several flooring options for aerated concrete houses. Each of them has its pros and cons and is suitable in one case or another. Types best designs ceilings can be divided into the following types depending on the materials used and installation technologies.

• Monolithic;
• On metal or wooden beams;
• Tiled floors: made of aerated concrete or reinforced concrete.

Below you can see photos of the installation of structures with beams of different sections and others.

Wooden floors in an aerated concrete house

Installation of wooden floors in an aerated concrete house along beams is one of best options. A special feature of this design is the mandatory armored belt on the aerated concrete on which it will be installed. Wooden beams of different sections are secured with studs, as well as metal corners and plates. This method is quite reliable for structures made of gas silicate blocks.

The installation of wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete on large-section beams differs from each other according to several criteria. First of all, this concerns the material from which the beams are made. The best forms are edged boards or timber, in some cases logs. More and more often, recently, I-beams of wood are widely used for installation, and a little less often, laminated veneer lumber in a private house made of aerated concrete.

The construction of floors made of large-section wooden beams on reinforced belts on aerated concrete may also differ in the method of filling voids. For this purpose, the rolling of their shields on top of the cranial blocks, as well as insulation, vapor and waterproofing materials can be used.

The construction and installation of wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete along beams with reinforced belts may also vary depending on the material used to line the beams. This can be plasterboard sheets, plywood, chipboard, plastic lining. Often the bottom of the wooden floor in a house made of aerated concrete along the beams is left without filing, creating the effect of antiquity or embodying other design solutions. Photo and video solutions with beams and their best installation method are located below.

Monolithic ceiling in a house made of aerated concrete

A monolithic floor in a house made of aerated concrete using beams of different sections is made independently at the construction site. The exception is the concrete itself, which is needed for installation. It is not recommended to make it in small-sized mixers, but it is better to order it directly from specialized companies ready-made. This is due to the fact that monolithic floors are a structure that is responsible for the safety of people living in a house made of aerated concrete. It is quite difficult to prepare reliable concrete by hand.

The most important part of a monolithic floor is the frame. It is made from reinforcement of small cross-section and the required thickness, tied with wire. The metal frame will take on the entire load from the concrete. It is mounted in pre-prepared wooden formwork. Typically, the thickness of the monolithic floor in gas silicate houses is 150-300 mm thick. Gas silicate blocks may not be able to withstand heavy loads.

The advantages of a monolithic design include:

• Better load-bearing capacity, unlike small-section beams;
• Variety of manufactured standard sizes for installation and installation in buildings made of gas silicate blocks;
• Wide range of configurations. A monolithic floor can be cast in any shape, not just rectangular like with beams. Visible in the photo.
• Possibility of installation or installation in buildings made of aerated concrete, where the use of tiled floor devices is limited or completely excluded.

Monolithic structures in a house made of gas silicate blocks, in addition to their advantages, also have a number of disadvantages. These include:

• Deadlines. This includes both the duration of the installation itself and the time required for the concrete to gain the necessary strong parameters, in contrast to floors over wooden beams in an aerated concrete house.
• The need for specialized equipment for installing the best monolithic floors in the house, such as mixers, concrete pumps.
• To install the best monolithic floor in a house made of gas silicate blocks, it is necessary to make a load calculation project.
• Quite a high price, increasing total cost installation of a building made of aerated concrete, as opposed to a ceiling on wooden beams.

Interfloor ceilings

The installation of the best interfloor floors in a house made of aerated concrete on wooden beams of different sections or on a monolithic basis is one of the most important. Its peculiarity is the need to install a floor on which people will walk and install household items and furniture. As a result, the load on the best interfloor floors will increase significantly in a house made of aerated concrete on the installed beams.

One of the best solutions is to install a wooden floor, namely natural or laminated timber, as well as modern I-beams. The spacing of their installation in the best interfloor slab in an aerated concrete house depends on the cross-section, but is usually 0.6 - 1.2 meters. The best length for large-section beams in a house is considered to be 6 meters. In the photo you can see the correct calculation and installation of the best wooden floor and the number of beams on the first and second floors.

In the wooden floor of a house made of aerated concrete, excellent beams are mounted at right angles to the load-bearing walls. They will be installed on a pre-prepared reinforced concrete reinforcing belt. Previously, a layer of waterproofing is laid under the wooden beams installed on the walls in the planned floor structure of an aerated concrete house.

The size of the niche should be 2-3 cm. The beam in an aerated concrete house should rest on a reinforcing belt for a length of 15 cm. The supporting part should be wrapped in a layer of roofing felt over bitumen or a self-adhesive membrane. In places where wooden beams are installed on the monolithic reinforcing belt of a house made of aerated concrete, anchors or plates are installed. Look at the photo best solutions installations on gas silicate blocks.

Basement ceiling

According to the principle of construction, the basement floor on wooden beams of an aerated concrete house is almost no different from the interfloor floor. Although there are some peculiarities.

• If there are damp rooms on the ground floor of an aerated concrete house: a bathhouse, a swimming pool, then it is necessary to lay a waterproofing layer over the beams before installing the insulation. If the interfloor ceiling in the house is wooden, then the material must be treated with an antiseptic to avoid the occurrence of fungus and rot.
• If the lower floor of a house made of aerated concrete, for example a storage room or garage, is cold, the size of the insulation along the beams should be increased. The best thickness is 20 cm. Photo showing the installation of wooden beams below.
• The difference in temperature between floors of an aerated concrete house can lead to condensation. To avoid such a situation, a vapor barrier layer should be placed on top of the insulation of the wooden interfloor over the wooden beams. Look at the photo for the best installation solutions for gas silicate blocks.

Attic floor in a house made of gas silicate blocks

A peculiarity of the installation of attic wooden floors in aerated concrete houses, in contrast to interfloor ones, is the absence of laying the floor along the beams in most cases. Except for the moments when the attic will be used as living rooms.

If the premises will be used as a storage room, for example, then only a subfloor along the beams will be sufficient. Most often, on the attic wooden floor in an elite aerated concrete house, instead of a floor, in contrast to the interfloor, they will simply lay bridges along which you can control the condition rafter system or roofing.

To prevent cold from penetrating from an unheated attic into the interblock space, insulation should be laid along the beams. Its optimal thickness should be 15-20 cm. Due to the lower load on the wooden floor in a house made of aerated concrete, unlike an interfloor one, it can be made from beams of smaller diameter, as can be seen in the photo.

Construction of floors in houses using aerated concrete: video

Regardless of what material is chosen for the installation of floors in a house made of aerated concrete, the work requires special knowledge and skills. The video below shows step by step the process of installing wooden beams on gas silicate blocks.

For the installation of metal and wooden interfloor floors of a house from gas silicate blocks, the main stages are the manufacture of beams, their installation on special gaps in the reinforcing belt, installation of flooring from boards or profiles, all the necessary insulation and waterproofing layers, and the floor.

Monolithic work on the first floor consists of preparing the formwork, making the frame and pouring concrete. Interfloor tiles are considered the simplest; you just need to correctly place the blanks on the load-bearing walls made of gas silicate blocks, as in the photo.

Overlapping the first and second floors in a house made of aerated concrete

Any possible type of structure can be suitable for constructing the first floor ceiling in a house made of aerated concrete. These can be tiled, monolithic, wooden or metal beams along a reinforced belt. The ceilings of the first floor in the house do not receive negative impacts neither from the cold and damp basement, nor from the attic. Although they often bear the main load on the beams.

Typically, the second floor houses heavy furniture, bedrooms, and people move frequently. Therefore, you need to carefully calculate the load on interfloor monolithic wooden floors and beams in a house made of gas silicate blocks, look at the photo.

After covering the second floor there is usually an attic. If it is made in the form of an attic where living rooms are supposed to be located, then the requirements for the interfloor wooden floor made of beams in a house made of gas silicate blocks will be the same as after the first floor. If the attic is uninhabited or not equipped at all due to its low height, then you can make lightweight design without flooring or will be limited to installing a rough one. Photos of the beams are just below.

Armopoyas on aerated concrete

The installation of a reinforced belt on an aerated concrete house is fundamental for the first floor floors on wooden beams. It has several meanings. Firstly, thanks to the interfloor monolithic reinforced belt on aerated concrete, the entire aerated concrete house is strengthened, reliably tightening the aerated concrete.

The room becomes more protected from precipitation and deformation. Secondly, wooden or metal floor beams in an aerated concrete house rest on the reinforcing belt. Photos and videos of the reinforced belt are just below.

In order to install a monolithic armored belt on aerated concrete under wooden floors, a special material with a groove is used. A metal frame made of reinforcement is installed in them. Then concrete is poured for the reinforced belt. To retain heat on the outside of the wall, polystyrene insulation is added for floors over wooden beams in an aerated concrete house.

If it is impossible to purchase special aerated concrete, then you can make a regular monolithic reinforced belt or make the necessary holes yourself. Photos and videos of the structure below, as well as the wooden beams located on them.

Choosing the best floor for an aerated concrete house: expert advice

Which flooring is best for an aerated concrete house? Or which one is more reliable? These questions are often asked by people planning to build a house from aerated concrete. There is no clear answer to them. But we can highlight the fundamental points.

• The ceiling on the ground floor of an aerated concrete house is best done monolithic or block. Wooden and metal beams are significantly deformed under the influence of excess moisture, and even all the necessary waterproofing materials will not be able to completely protect them.
• For an attic floor in a house made of aerated concrete, a light wooden structure made of beams, with a subfloor and a thick layer of insulation is quite sufficient. It will bear the minimum load that any structure must cope with.
• For the interfloor covering of an aerated concrete house, you can choose either tiled or monolithic or using wooden and metal beams.

A variety of materials are used for the floors of aerated concrete houses, but they are all divided into tile, beam and monolithic. Beams can be made of metal or wood. Such options are suitable for creating interfloor ceilings. They are also used for basements, but require a significant amount of insulation.

House made of aerated concrete

Aerated concrete is widely used in construction due to its ability to speed up the construction of a house. This material produces walls that are distinguished by the ease of creating a flat surface and thermal insulation properties. In such buildings, aerated concrete slabs are often used for floors, although other materials can also be used.

This structural element bears the entire weight of walls, furniture, flooring and people. Floors determine the rigidity of the entire structure, so it is important to choose the right material. It is necessary to take into account the porous structure of aerated concrete, which determines lower compressive strength.

Reinforcing belt for home

When constructing floors in a house made of aerated concrete, it is necessary to create a monolithic reinforcing belt. It distributes the load that is generated by walls, ceilings and everything inside the building. The belt also compensates for the inability of aerated concrete to bend. If you ignore this structural element, aerated concrete floor slabs may become covered with cracks, and in especially severe cases, even burst.

It is required to create a solid belt that will run along the entire perimeter of the building. To construct a reinforcing belt, floor slabs made of heavy concrete and class A III reinforcement are used. The workflow looks like this:

Reinforcement of aerated concrete house

• Sand-lime brick or concrete blocks are placed along the outer edge.
• For convenience, you can use special U-shaped blocks. You can cut them yourself from aerated concrete.
• Reinforcement is placed inside the blocks, the rod diameter of which is within 12 mm. About four of these rods are required.
• To make a protective concrete layer, the bottom row of rods is laid on the spacers.
• Sections of reinforcement are twisted together using wire. They cannot be fastened by welding.
• Junction points must be laid by bending the reinforcement. As a result, there should be no right angles.
• All corners are secured with steel brackets or embedded parts.

The outer side of the walls of the house must be insulated with polystyrene. When the base of the monolithic reinforcing belt is completed, concrete is poured inside the sides. To hide the installation location of the belt, 100 mm thick aerated concrete and 50 mm polystyrene are used. Formwork made of wooden panels is placed on the inside walls.

Types of floors for houses made of aerated concrete

In aerated concrete houses, it is recommended to use wooden boards or timber. In rare cases, logs are suitable. They are attached to the reinforced belt using metal corners, plates and pins. Rolling boards, waterproofing materials and insulation are suitable for filling voids. Plasterboard, plastic lining, chipboard or plywood are used for filing beams. The lower part of the wooden floors can be left without filing.

Beams that are too long can deform the monolithic belt. To avoid this, it is necessary to chamfer the ends. Installation of metal beams is no different from wooden beams. Pipes with I-beams, square pipes and channels are used for work. It is necessary to carry out thorough anti-corrosion treatment.

The thickness of monolithic floors in a house made of aerated concrete should be in the range of 150–300 mm. Gas silicate blocks cannot cope with larger loads. This type of floor can be created directly at the construction site; the size of the span does not matter. Any form is poured, depending on the purpose. Construction requires specialized equipment, and the work takes a lot of time, so usually the monolithic type is turned to when it is impossible to use aerated concrete slabs for floors.

It is permissible to use hollow slabs that are made from heavy concrete. This option is used if spans of about 6 meters are obtained. This type of floor also requires the construction of a strong monolithic reinforcing belt. Hollow core slabs are installed using a crane, but remain an economical material.

Requirements for floors

The main requirement for almost any type of aerated concrete slabs for floors is the preliminary construction of an armored belt. When using wood between floors of a house, the installation step is usually in the range from 0.6 to 1.2 m. The beams are mounted at right angles to the load-bearing walls. The size of the niches is about 3 cm.

The maximum length of the beam is 6 m. When using material exceeding this indicator, a deflection is formed. The section size is determined based on the span length and future load. It cannot exceed 600 kg per m². Similar indicators are found for aerated concrete slabs. Monolithic floors have a higher load-bearing capacity, it is 800 kg/m².

Aerated concrete slabs are often equipped with tongue-and-groove joints, which make it possible to achieve a high-quality fit of structural elements. If T-shaped blocks are used, the beams should be lightweight, made of reinforced concrete. Their length should not exceed 7 m, and the maximum height is 20 cm. The final weight of the structure is small, and therefore it can be installed without specialized equipment.

When constructing the first row, one side of the aerated concrete slab must rest on the load-bearing wall of the house by at least 2 cm. The installation step is 68 cm. To fill the resulting grooves, class B20 concrete must be used. Reinforcing mesh is placed in it. It is permissible to partially load the structure no earlier than a week from the moment of pouring.

Advantages of aerated concrete floors

The use of aerated concrete blocks for floors has a number of advantages. Such elements do not have errors in terms of size. A smooth surface does not require subsequent serious finishing. The exception is when the walls are covered with potholes or cracks. In such a situation, it is necessary to use sanding and putty.

Installation of aerated concrete slabs occurs quickly and does not require significant energy consumption. A house made of aerated concrete will be light; there will be no serious load on the load-bearing walls. No additional equipment is required during installation. The material itself does not have a pronounced odor and is considered environmentally friendly. For houses with several floors, the following properties are important:

• moisture resistance;
• sound insulation;
• thermal insulation;
• fire resistance;
• strength.

Aerated concrete is convenient to use in the construction of balcony bases. When choosing the same material for walls and ceilings, the same thermal conductivity will be maintained. All slabs are manufactured using the autoclave method, due to which their density corresponds to the D500 grade.

When using slabs with tongue-and-groove joints, a team of 4 people is able to assemble a floor up to 120 m² in size in one shift. The main disadvantage of the material is its high cost. It requires an additional waterproofing layer, as it is highly vapor permeable.

Based on the material used, the slabs are divided into:

• reinforced concrete;
• aerated concrete.

Reinforced concrete hollow slabs

This is the most popular and affordable type of slab.

Previously, the use of massive reinforced concrete floors was unavailable in the construction of a private house due to their high cost and heavy weight, requiring the use of special equipment for delivery and lifting. Now such problems do not arise, but a crane or manipulator has become commonplace in low-rise construction.

Hollow core slabs made of reinforced concrete have additional relief in the form of through chamber openings, and they themselves are made from heavy grades of concrete using reinforcement, which provides the necessary rigidity and strength. Such an overlap has a number of undeniable advantages:

• Lightweight construction compared to a monolithic slab; voids significantly reduce the weight of the product, which means they can be safely used in buildings made of aerated concrete up to 3 floors inclusive.
• High strength, which is ensured by internal cavities, reinforcement and high-quality concrete. The load-bearing capacity of slabs of this type is from 800 kg/m2.
• Simplified installation and the ability to mount on bases of any shape. The size of the slab can be 6 or 9 meters, which significantly expands the possibilities for planning.
• Internal cavities can be used to accommodate communications and wiring.
• Good sound insulation.

The installation of reinforced concrete floors will be required along the entire perimeter. It can be made monolithic using formwork and reinforcement with a thickness of 10 mm. The width of the belt is at least 150 mm - the distance over which the slab will rest. Thanks to this, the load on the walls is reduced, local stresses caused by the pressure of the upper floor and the slab itself are eliminated.

Marking

According to the configuration of the cavities, the slabs are divided into:

• PC – with round voids, rests on 2 sides;
• PKT – with round cavities, rests on 3 sides;
• PKK - with round voids, laid on 4 walls;
• PKT – with round cavities, installation on 2 end and 1 long side;
• PG – with pear-shaped voids; thickness – 260 mm; support on 2 ends;
• PB - made without formwork, using continuous molding; its thickness is 260 mm, hole diameter is 159 mm; The product is placed on 2 end sides.

Based on the size of the cavities and thickness, the slabs are divided into the following types:

solid single-layer:

• 1P - slabs 120 mm thick.
• 2P - slabs 160 mm thick;

multi-hollow:

• 1pc - slabs 220 mm thick with round voids with a diameter of 159 mm.
• 2PK - slabs 220 mm thick with round voids with a diameter of 140 mm.
• PB - slabs 220 mm thick without formwork molding.

Slabs of types 2P and 2PK are made only from heavy concrete.

Dimensions

The size of the hollow core slab is indicated in its markings.

For example, PC 90.15-8. This is a round-hollow slab 90 decimeters long and 15 inches wide. The permissible load on the floor is 8 MPa (800 kgf/m2).

Below the spoiler are the standard sizes of the slabs. To view, click on the “Table” heading.

Slab type	Coordination dimensions of the slab, mm
1pc	From 2400 to 6600 inclusive. at intervals of 300, 7200, 7500	1000, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2400, 3000, 3600
1pc		1000, 1200, 1500
1PKT	From 3600 to 6600 inclusive. at intervals of 300, 7200, 7500
1PKK	From 2400 to 3600 inclusive. at intervals of 300	From 4800 to 6600 inclusive. at intervals of 300, 7200
4pcs	From 2400 to 6600 inclusive. at intervals of 300, 7200, 9000	1000, 1200, 1500
5pcs	6000, 9000, 12000	1000, 1200, 1500
6pcs	12000	1000, 1200, 1500
7pcs	From 3600 to 6300 inclusive. at intervals of 3000	1000, 1200, 1500, 1800
PG	6000, 9000, 12000	1000, 1200, 1500

You will find more information in the article about.

Support depth

It is important not to exceed the maximum support depth. Otherwise, the slab will act as a lever and, under heavy loads, the wall may rise slightly above the slab. It is not noticeable to the eye, but is critical for the structure. Under loads from installed furniture, equipment and erected internal interior partitions, cracks may appear in the walls due to the resulting stresses.

The length of support (the depth of insertion of slabs into the walls) should not exceed:

• For brick walls— 160 mm;
• when supporting floor slabs on aerated concrete blocks of class B3.5-B7.5 - 200 mm;
• when resting on a concrete reinforced belt - 120 mm.

The minimum support length is also standardized. It should not be less than:

• 80 mm - for brick walls;
• 100 mm - for walls made of cellular concrete blocks;
• 65 mm - when resting on dense concrete class B10 and higher.

Installing a floor made of reinforced concrete structures will necessarily require the use of a crane or manipulator with a large lifting capacity. The weight of a standard 6-meter slab reaches 2 tons. In addition, installation will require certain skills. Thus, leveling is carried out along the seams on the smooth side of the ceiling, after which the slabs are fastened with anchors, and the joints are filled with cement mortar. Can be used as insulation mineral wool, foam plastic

Aerated concrete slab floors

Not only are partitions made from foamed concrete, but also interfloor partitions. This material has good strength, low thermal conductivity, it is easy to process and easy to use. Aerated concrete slab can withstand loads from 300 to 600 kg/m2, and the maximum weight does not exceed 750 kg. The precision with which such an overlap is made allows installation in a short time and does not require additional preparation for subsequent finishing. These are the lightest floor slabs for aerated concrete walls.

Now on the market you can find two types of such structures:

• They are made of concrete using autoclave injection molding and are equipped with special “groove-tooth” type elements, which simplifies installation. With this method, the density can correspond to the concrete grade D500. This option is most in demand in low-rise construction.
• Standard panels, reinforced with reinforcing elements, can be used in any monolithic construction. They are easy to process, inexpensive, and well suited for non-standard solutions.

The maximum size of aerated concrete slabs does not exceed 5980 by 625 mm, and the thickness can range from 150 to 300 mm. Minimum length 2980 mm, pitch 300 mm. Such a variety of sizes and low weight makes it possible to close the space between floors or any complex shape easily and with minimal losses.

The edges of the slab must rest at least 10 cm on the wall of the house, so the layout must be done taking into account this size.

The disadvantages of such an overlap arise from the features of cellular concrete itself, therefore, the choice must be approached carefully and after careful calculations of the load-bearing load and operating conditions.

• Aerated concrete is a very fragile material that is practically devoid of elasticity. To avoid cracks in walls and ceilings, it is necessary to take care of a high-quality monolithic or well-buried foundation that prevents any movement of the soil.
• This material perfectly absorbs moisture, and this will require additional waterproofing with a special primer in rooms such as the bathroom and toilet. The reinforcement in aerated concrete must be processed in accordance with the requirements of SN 277-80, which guarantees a service life of the floors of at least 25 years.
• Load-bearing capacity less than 600 kg/m2 is insufficient to accommodate heavy furniture and equipment and large quantity people. Screed, flooring, and underfloor heating systems reduce the already low load capacity.
• Additional reinforced concrete beams will be required, laid at a distance the width of the slab.

Comparative Cost

When constructing interfloor structures, the issue of price plays an important role. If we compare all the varieties with each other, we get the following sequence. The cheapest will be a reinforced concrete hollow slab with cost per square meter at 1200 rubles. In second place will be a monolithic product - 2000 - 2500 rubles per square meter. The cost can vary greatly depending on the thickness and manufacturing technology.

The most expensive flooring is a slab of foamed concrete - from 3,000 rubles per square. The high cost is explained by the complex manufacturing technology and the small width of the slab.

Also, the cost of slab floors must include the costs of transportation and lifting, which in some cases may be equal to their cost.

Overlap – horizontal design, which is not only a dividing barrier between floors, the residential level and the basement or roof, but also performs transmission and distribution function the load taken on load-bearing walls and other elements also ensures the rigidity of the house.

And in the event that we are talking about roof, basement or basement floors, then they must be arranged in such a way as to guarantee heat retention.

Construction of a monolithic reinforcing belt

For buildings made of aerated concrete reinforcing belt device is mandatory. Besides what it does distribution function of the created load from the floors themselves, the walls of the upper floor, and the so-called payload: people, interior items, equipment, etc., armored belt compensates for the main disadvantage of aerated concrete, associated with its inability to work in bending.
And despite the fact that aerated concrete withstands compression well, the absence of a reinforcing belt will lead to an uneven load on the load-bearing walls. As a result, cracks appear on the walls, and some blocks may even burst. For the device of a reinforcing or strapping contour heavy types of concrete are used and fittings corresponding class A III.

One of the ways to construct a reinforcing belt may be as follows:

• First, concrete blocks are installed along the outer edge or you can use sand-lime brick for this;
• reinforcement is laid between them and the edge of the ceiling, which must be bandaged (cell size, on average, 10 × 10 cm);
• corners, external and internal, are reinforced with steel brackets;
• after that - the reinforcing belt is filled with concrete

Main types of floors for houses made of aerated concrete

When building houses from aerated concrete, you can use both monolithic and prefabricated floors. Overlappings can be arranged on wooden and metal beams, using hollow slabs made of heavy concrete or cellular concrete, prefabricated monolithic structures or manufactured directly on site in the form of a monolithic slab.
Each type of overlap has its undeniable advantages and, accordingly, disadvantages, but given the popularity of using aerated concrete in private housing construction, the following three selection criteria come to the fore:

1. The need to use special equipment;
2. Cost of materials and installation;
3. Construction speed.

Selection of floors by strength characteristics and maximum loads, in most cases is not relevant, since all these types provide it sufficiently for this category construction projects level, on average the calculated data are within from 500 to 800 kg load per 1 m² area.

But when choosing materials, materials are preferred having less weight, while maintaining strength characteristics, and a sufficient service life comparable to aerated concrete, and resistance to various external influences : natural or chemical in nature.

Floors made of aerated concrete slabs

The use of a material similar in properties and characteristics for floors for houses made of aerated concrete is justified, especially considering that The thermal conductivity of the material is the same. Moreover, having settled on this material, you can choose for the flooring of the house:

• prefabricated monolithic structures, which are reinforced during the installation process by installing reinforced concrete connections;
• monolithic slabs;
• reinforced aerated concrete slabs for floors.

Many manufacturers of aerated concrete blocks offer the production of floor slabs according to individual sizes, but on average it length is up to 6 m, width– up to 1.5 -1.8 m, and thickness- only 30 cm, and the estimated load per 1 m² is about 600 kg. Aerated concrete slabs for floors are produced only by autoclave, and their density corresponds to D500.

Often monolithic slabs equipped with tongue-and-groove connections, which ensures their tight fit to each other, and installation is carried out in as soon as possible– in one work shift, a team of 2-4 people can cover an area of ​​50 to 120 m². The most crucial moment when installing floors using this method is coordination of production dates for slabs, their transportation to the site and the crane rental time required for this.

For floors using prefabricated monolithic T-shaped blocks special lightweight reinforced concrete beams are used, the length of which is about 7 m and the height is only 20 cm. The weight of such a structure is approximately 120 kg, which allows its installation to be carried out manually.

Beam installation step is 68 cm, which, with a block length of 60 cm, provides it with support on a beam equal to 2 cm on each side. When installing the first row, one side of the floor block is also should be at least 2 cm lean on the load-bearing wall of the building.

The resulting connections between blocks, in the form of grooves must be filled with concrete, its class must correspond to B20, and after all the floor blocks have been laid, reinforcement mesh is knitted and a 5 cm layer of concrete is laid. Complete setting of the concrete occurs after 4 weeks, but partial loading of the structure is allowed after 6-7 days.

Floors made of reinforced concrete slabs

Traditional hollow slabs made of heavy concrete are quite can also be used for houses built from aerated concrete. Their use is most justified if the spans formed are 4.5-6 meters. But before you start installation, also it is necessary to install a durable monolithic armored belt, which will distribute its rather large weight onto the load-bearing walls.

In terms of cost it is one of the most economical device options ceilings of the building, even taking into account the fact that it is necessary to use special equipment, namely a crane, to install them. In addition, delivery of slabs to the construction site is often accompanied by certain difficulties, taking into account the weight and especially the length of the products. The overlap of this type of slab allows loads of 800 and even a little more per 1 m².

Wooden and metal beams

On wooden beams in aerated concrete houses it is possible to arrange not only interfloor ceilings, but also basement, attic or attic. But it is not recommended to use this type in case if the distance between load-bearing walls exceeds 6 m, in this case, a deflection occurs that exceeds 1/300 of the length of the log or timber used as beams. The cross-sectional size of a beam is determined primarily by its type, planned loads and span length.

But it is important to follow the following rule: the distance between the axes of adjacent beams should be within the range of half a meter to a meter.

Supporting the beam on a pre-prepared reinforced belt made of monolithic reinforced concrete should be 12-15 cm. To secure them, special anchor plates with anti-corrosion coating are used.

But, having given preference to wooden beams, you should remember that they must be treated with antipyrite compounds, as well as agents aimed against the proliferation of insects and various microorganisms. The only thing you should avoid is oil-based products, as they prevent moisture evaporation, and given the moisture absorption of the main building material of the building, its strength and performance characteristics will deteriorate.

It is also important to take care of sufficient thermal insulation of such a ceiling– this will prevent the formation of a dew point right in the beam itself. It is necessary to pay attention to the connection between the wall and the beam, the so-called interface unit.

To prevent moisture condensation in this area, all gaps must be insulated, for example, sealants or polyethylene foam bundles. Do not allow complete contact along the entire length of the beam with the wall, in this place a 5cm gap is required, which is sealed with insulation, most often mineral wool.

Beams whose length exceeds 4-4.5 m can, due to their deflection, deform and destroy monolithic belt, therefore it is recommended to make a small chamfer at their ends before installing them to exclude the manifestation of these negative processes. After the beams have been installed, you can begin installing the subfloor and laying insulation. And if you are making a basement floor, you need to take care of effective vapor barrier.

The installation of metal beams occurs in a similar way, for which the following are used:

• I-beams;
• channel;
• square pipes.

Their bearing capacity quite high, they provide permissible loads of up to 500-600 kg per 1 m², but must have reliable anti-corrosion treatment. Their installation, just like wooden beams, does not require the use of special equipment and can be performed by a team of 2-3 people.

Monolithic ceiling

The device of this type of overlap is also is valid in houses made of aerated concrete and arranged using formwork. The thickness of the slab can be 10-20 cm. This type of flooring has the highest load-bearing capacity, exceeding 800 kg/1 m². For such an overlap the size of the span does not matter, as well as configuration: it can be made round, semicircular, or any other shape.

Concrete can be made directly on site, but It is recommended to use the factory one, with strict adherence to all the technology of its production. Also, most likely, the services of a concrete pump will be required, since the mixture must be supplied to a certain height.

Wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete are energy efficient, environmentally friendly, lightweight, lightweight, durable, easy to installation work ah building material. Beams are divided depending on their purpose into interfloor, attics and plinths. Floor beams are made from solid, laminated timber, wood with special treatment.

Advantages of wooden floors

Benefits of using a beam during the construction of buildings made of aerated concrete blocks:

1. The low cost of materials compared to reinforced concrete structures makes it possible to reduce the cost of building construction.
2. The low weight of building elements reduces the load on load-bearing wall panels and roofing and prevents the possibility of their deformation.
3. Simple installation of elements, easy to fix with screws, staples, etc. You do not need to use special equipment for the work.
4. Wood is easy to process; beams can be given different configurations to suit an architectural project. The elements can be used in buildings with bay windows.
5. Installation work is carried out at different times of the year, including at sub-zero temperatures.

However, it is necessary to take into account the need for moisture-resistant and antiseptic treatment using special impregnations. Application of the compounds prevents the appearance of mold on wood.

There are special fire-resistant impregnations that are used to treat elements in buildings with high safety requirements in Moscow and other cities.

Types and features

Flooring over wooden beams in an aerated concrete house can be of the following types: depending on location:

• interfloor;
• attic;
• basement

Interfloor

The task of interfloor elements is to separate different heated rooms with a similar microclimate.

Floors are made multilayer:

1. Rolling from boards or wood panels. The materials are hemmed to the floors.
2. Soundproofing layer made on plank flooring.
3. Transverse joists fixed with nails or self-tapping screws.
4. Floor with wooden flooring or lined with linoleum, ceramic tiles, laminate, parquet blocks, etc.
5. To ventilate the space under the floor, you need to make a gap for exhaust ventilation.
6. The finishing of floors in the lower part of the room can be done using lining, panels, plasterboard sheets. However, beams can be left without decoration in rooms in country, loft, and minimalist styles.

Basement

Basement ceilings are fixed above an unheated basement; the installation technology differs from the standard one.

When performing work, it is necessary to take into account the following features for plinth elements:

1. It is recommended to treat the wooden parts of the structure, because... surfaces can be damaged by high humidity from the foundation and soil, as well as accumulating condensation.
2. The thermal insulation layer should provide a comfortable temperature regime in living rooms. The thickness of the layer is determined in accordance with the climate of the region and the temperature regime in the base.
3. A waterproofing film is placed under the insulating material to prevent the penetration of moisture from the basement, which reduces the thermal insulation characteristics of the building material.
4. Then a layer of vapor barrier is laid on top of the insulating composition, preventing the creation of condensation due to differences in temperature conditions in the living area and basement.

Attics

Aerated concrete blocks are used for the construction of attic spaces. When installing floors in the attic, the waterproofing layer is located above the insulation, and the vapor barrier is placed under the insulating composition to create an optimal microclimate in the room.

When arranging the attic space, you can reduce the cost of work by laying out boards in the form of ladders or transverse coverings.

When using the space for household needs, continuous laying of boards is required. It is important to provide a dense layer of insulating composition to prevent the leakage of warm air from the residential part of the building.

Types of beams advantages and disadvantages of each type

Wooden floors in aerated concrete houses are made of the following types:

• made of solid wood;
• I-beam;
• from laminated veneer lumber.

Made from solid timber

Solid wood structures are produced by sawing a single log using special machines. Then the elements are dried without special heat treatment. At the next stage, the materials are treated with antiseptic compounds and calibrated to a given size.

Finally, the products are given a clear outline. Structures are created from solid beams, characterized by increased strength. The length of the elements should not exceed 5 m, so the materials are suitable for cottages.

From laminated veneer lumber

Glued beams undergo a multi-stage manufacturing process, which increases the strength of products by 50-70%. Cedar, spruce, pine, and larch are used in production.

Advantages of the building material:

1. Beams can reach a length of 12 m.
2. The weight of the products is small.
3. The service life increases because materials do not deform during operation.
4. Glued products are characterized by increased fire resistance compared to solid wood.
5. It is possible to prepare elements of different thicknesses.
6. Materials are produced different levels strength. Beams of the first grade are suitable for areas with increased stress, and where increased loads are not expected, blocks of grades 2 and 3 are used.
7. The surfaces of the block are smooth, finely processed and do not require additional decoration.
8. The material is environmentally friendly and does not contain harmful components.

Wooden I-beams

I-beams made of wood are characterized by increased strength, reliability, environmental friendliness, aesthetics, and durability. The materials consist of several layers treated with special impregnations. Deflections and cracks do not form in the elements, the blocks do not dry out during operation, and are easy to install.

Calculation of the required cross-section depending on the span length and loads of the laying step

The required cross-section is calculated in accordance with the loads and other operating conditions. The parameter of the number of beams, their spacing, size and cross-section is influenced by the area of ​​the room and the materials used in the ceiling cladding.

The optimal cross-sectional size for elements of a rectangular configuration is a height to width ratio of 1.4:1. The size of the section is influenced by the type of wood from which the floors are made.

When observing an installation step of 60 cm, it is recommended to consider the following recommendations:

1. For a span of 2 m minimum size sections 7.5-10 cm.
2. With a span length of 2.5 m, the average cross-sectional dimensions reach 7.5-15 cm.
3. In spans up to 3 m, 7.5-20 cm ceilings are used.
4. For floor beams in a span of 4-4.5 m, it is recommended to install materials with a section of 10 by 20 cm.
5. For a span of 5 m, crossbars of 12.5 by 20 cm are used.
6. In spans of 6 m, floors with a section of 15 by 20 cm will be required.

Installation features

Installation of beams in a building made of aerated blocks is carried out according to the following steps:

• project preparation;
• workpiece building materials and tools;
• installation work;
• insulation of surfaces;
• waterproofing the floor of the second floor in an aerated concrete house;
• finishing.

Defining the Beam Section

When designing a building made of gas blocks, it is necessary to calculate the cross-section of load-bearing floors in accordance with the dimensions. It is necessary to include in the calculations the mass of furniture, accessories, the number of people living, etc.

The calculations take into account that the step between elements should not be more than 1.2 m, the span is limited by safety requirements to 6 m. The calculation can be done independently or using calculators located on construction portals.

Installation technology

Installation work is carried out subject to the following sequence of steps:

1. Project preparation.
2. Installation of a reinforcing belt made of reinforced concrete structures, on which beams are supported using metal plates, anchors or other fasteners. Fastenings must be treated with anti-corrosion impregnations.
3. Then you need to cut the floors to the length specified in the project. The depth of support on the walls is not less than 12-15 cm. With the planned span length, the beams reach a length of 2.25-2.3 m.
4. The end part of the elements is cut at an angle of 60-70°.
5. The prepared elements are impregnated with agents to protect against mold and fire.
6. The load-bearing panels are laid out on a waterproofing layer of roofing felt or roofing felt.
7. A gap of 2-3 cm is required between the supporting part and the wall panels of the space.
8. An insulating layer must be laid between the end element and the outer wall.
9. Then the wooden floors are installed. The work is completed by laying out intermediate beams between floors.

Post-installation finishing

Post-installation finishing work involve finishing and creating a roof. Work begins with the construction of a rough ceiling from the bottom of the floors. The structure is made of plywood sheets.

Free spaces are filled with insulation and vapor barrier materials are laid. The floor of the second floor in an aerated concrete house is also waterproofed. Finishing work is carried out after installing window blocks.