As you know, our country is implementing a housing program to build affordable housing for the population. The expanses of our vast Motherland are quite large and there is room to build. Another question is where to dispose of household wastewater. Often, this problem is not always solved in favor of the developer.

If the city's wastewater treatment plants are capable of accepting additional runoff, then there are no problems with permitting for wastewater disposal. Otherwise, developers or customers are forced to solve the problem of wastewater treatment on their own. It is not uncommon that it is even necessary to install local treatment facilities for an apartment building.

It is for such situations that the specialists of NPO Agrostroyservis LLC have developed complexes for the treatment of household wastewater - local wastewater treatment plants for an apartment building in a fully factory-ready container type. They are installed on a pre-prepared site and connected to the supplied communications.

With our intellectual and manufacturing resources, you can rely on quality products, competitive prices and excellent, fast service. We supply and support Russian businesses and are proud to say so.

In small residential areas of large cities, functions such as collection, purification and disposal waste water carried out by centralized sewer systems. In small microdistricts settlements their construction is often unprofitable from either a technical or economic point of view, and they use local sewerage systems and treatment facilities. Their design, production of main components, installation, commissioning and commissioning have been successfully carried out for many years by the well-known Russian company"Flotenk".

To order and calculate treatment facilities, send a request to E-mail: or call toll-free 8 800 700-48-87. Or fill out the questionnaire:

Development and arrangement of local treatment facilities by Flotenk company

The Flotenk company has already implemented a number of projects for autonomous sewerage systems and local treatment systems for microdistricts in various regions of our country. Almost all of them are developed and equipped on a turnkey basis, and their main components are produced at the company’s own production facilities. It should be noted that these complexes cost customers quite reasonable amounts, and they are very inexpensive to operate.

When does it make sense to design and build local treatment facilities and autonomous sewage systems for a microdistrict?

The practice of its activities shows that there are quite a lot of such cases when it is necessary to develop and build autonomous and local treatment plants for microdistricts, and in connection with the development of housing construction in small towns and even villages, the number is increasing every year. Most often, it makes sense to equip such systems when it is not possible to connect several objects located next to each other to a centralized sewer system, or this is fraught with unreasonably high material costs.

It is preferable to collect, purify and dispose of wastewater from areas using local structures even when new residential areas are located near environmentally protected areas. Such systems, designed and implemented in practice by Flotenk, make it possible not only to guarantee full compliance of the degree of wastewater treatment with the most stringent requirements, but also to constantly monitor their current condition. They make it possible to immediately make the necessary adjustments to the functioning of the complexes if any wastewater indicators are outside the norm.

Local sewerage and wastewater treatment of the neighborhood: main components of the systems

The collection and purification of wastewater from a microdistrict, as well as the disposal of wastewater to places of discharge by local sewer systems, is carried out according to a scheme built on almost the same principles on which the functioning of centralized systems is based. From buildings, wastewater flows by gravity or by force, using sewer systems pumping stations, follow to the complex of treatment facilities. It consists of sand traps designed to clean wastewater from mechanical impurities; grease traps that separate fats and oils of plant and animal origin contained in wastewater; post-treatment and disinfection systems (produced by ultraviolet radiation). As a result of passing through treatment facilities, wastewater in its composition becomes suitable for discharge into the environment (ravines, reservoirs, etc.)

Thus, it can be stated that, structurally and in terms of the principle of operation, sewerage systems and treatment plants for districts and small residential areas are very similar to the local structures of individual buildings. In fact, the only difference is that sewage flows from several buildings and from storm sewer. When designing and constructing such systems, Flotenk specialists take into account many different factors (volume of wastewater, its nature, landscape features of the area, distance from places of wastewater generation from places of discharge, etc.).

This article will cover an important topic - septic tank without pumping, most owners want to have one country houses, unless they are connected to the central sewerage system. Today, many people not only love country holidays, but also prefer to live outside the city limits, among nature.

However, in this case, you have to face the question of how to dispose of wastewater. They say that even with economical use, a person needs at least 150 liters of water per day. Naturally, such a quantity of wastewater cannot be completely disposed of using an ordinary cesspool, especially since it will be necessary to constantly monitor the timely pumping of wastewater.

Principles of operation of a septic tank without pumping

Septic tank without pumping It is a biological treatment facility and consists of two simple chambers that are connected to each other by a sewer pipe.

The operation of a biological septic tank is structured as follows.

1. When sewage enters the first tank, it is exposed to airless bacteria and begins to decompose.

2. Bacteria appear in the septic tank on their own, although it is possible to increase their growth, at the same time increasing the efficiency of the septic tank, with the help of special substances.

3. Organic waste is decomposed by bacteria into gas and water. The gas leaves the septic tank thanks to the ventilation pipe; its concentration is so low that there should be no smell.

4. As for inorganic substances, they remain at the bottom of the well in the form of sludge, while the water is filtered into the next chamber of the septic tank, and from there it is gradually absorbed by the soil. It is thanks to the second tank that the service life of the biological septic tank becomes longer.

DIY septic tank design without pumping

This problem can be easily solved using the device , consisting of two chambers. You can purchase a ready-made septic tank, but if you want to save money, it’s easy to make such a structure yourself. With such a septic tank, you can forget about the problem of pumping out wastewater for about 10 years. Below is an example of a finished septic tank without pumping, and then we will learn how to make it with our own hands.

How to make a septic tank without pumping with your own hands

Time during which you can build it yourself septic tank without pumping, varies depending on the time of year, technical capabilities, and soil characteristics.

Do-it-yourself pit for a septic tank without pumping

Let's look at a few facts about the construction of a pit DIY septic tank without pumping:

1. Necessary determine the location of the future septic tank without pumping. It must be removed both from living quarters and from water intake points. It makes the most sense to place the septic tank behind the house, but it is important to take into account several nuances. The septic tank pit should not act to weaken the soil under the foundation of buildings. That is, either it should be located at a distance of at least 3 meters from a one-story house, and at least 5 meters from two-story house, or the walls of the septic tank must be reinforced, without drainage holes, adjacent to the blind area of ​​the house. In addition, the soil between the house and the septic tank should not be regularly moistened, because this can lead to subsidence and cracks in the walls of the septic tank and even in the foundation of the house. An elevated area is best suited for a septic tank without pumping; this location will avoid flooding of the septic tank with the help of precipitation and melt water.

2. When designing a septic tank without pumping, it is necessary in advance provide its size. The size of a septic tank without pumping it yourself is calculated based on the approximate amount of daily water consumption in the house. The volume of the septic tank should ideally exceed this value three times with the addition of a spare 20%. With a fixed volume, the dimensions of the septic tank may vary. For a family of four, a pit for a septic tank without pumping can be dug measuring 2.5x3 meters with a depth of 2 to 2.5 meters. Keep in mind that the larger the volume of your septic tank, the longer it can operate without additional cleaning.

3. Arranging septic tank pit, it is best to dig it down to well-permeable rocks such as gravel and sand. Therefore, before building a septic tank and starting to dig a pit, it is advisable to study the composition of the soil.

Once the foundation pit is ready, you can begin constructing the formwork.

Internal structure of a septic tank

After the septic tank pit is ready, it is necessary to begin making the formwork. It is necessary to divide the future septic tank into two chambers, one of which measures 2x2 meters, and the other 1x2 meters. The chambers are blocked by double-sided formwork. This partition houses a 100 mm tee made of plastic or cast iron. In order for the septic tank to work properly, it is necessary to ensure that the tee with its upper edge is slightly lower or flush with the lower edge of the drain pipe. The formwork is assembled from the bottom up, that is, as the partition is filled with cement mortar.

To save on the construction of formwork for a septic tank, you can use old boards. But oriented strand board is best suited for this purpose.

To ensure good drainage, appropriate holes must be made in the walls of the septic tank, the distance between which should be 20-30 cm. During the installation process, pieces of sewer plastic pipes will be inserted into these holes.

Most convenient option will happen if you first build formwork around the perimeter of the pit, after which the opposite walls are connected using a partition made of concrete or brick. The partition should not have any drainage holes; only one should be left - for the overflow of waste from one chamber to another.

In order to provide the formwork with the necessary rigidity, it must be strengthened with padded longitudinal beams, and also connected with vertical ribs. Using sufficiently thick beams, it is necessary to make spacers.

After installing the spacers, you can insert sewer pipes through holes in the formwork. After this procedure, you can move on to the next stage - start filling the septic tank with concrete.

The partition and the entire gap between the soil and the formwork should be filled with a solution of sand and cement. When making a solution, experts advise adding a tablespoon of laundry detergent to one bucket of water. This will enhance the moisture and frost resistance of concrete, and will also help avoid cracking.

Natural soil remains at the bottom of the septic tank chambers, acting as drainage. If the soil is not loose enough, you can artificially make holes in it. An alternative would be to use two concrete ring wells.

Completion of work on installing a septic tank without pumping

After the mortar poured into the walls and partitions has hardened, you can begin making the top flooring. The materials you can use are timber, logs, sleepers, etc. Metal reinforcement must be attached to the top of the wooden parts of the deck to create strength. We surround the perimeter with formwork.

You can also install two pipes: one for ventilation, the other for possible pumping of sludge. The ventilation pipe must rise above the ground surface by at least two meters, and the diameter of the pipe can be any. The pumping pipe is not necessary, but if you do install it, be sure to make a small hole located 10-15 centimeters from the bottom edge, thanks to which you can stop pumping in a timely manner. in my opinion, this is an excellent alternative to the central sewer system of a private house, given the fact that it is rarely possible to connect to it.

After installing external sewer pipes, concrete or plastic inspection wells, it is necessary to cover the roof with a concrete solution with a layer at least 200 mm thick. To reduce the consumption of the solution and increase its strength, add small stones to the concrete. Two days after concreting the roof, when the cement has hardened, the roof can be covered with earth. On this land it will be possible to subsequently create beds, which will undoubtedly bring a rich harvest.

Construction sewer system on any suburban area - this is a complex of complex works, which involves not only laying pipes, but also installing a cesspool or a finished septic tank. SES permission is required. There is no way to do this without collecting a package of documents. Why is this required? The problem is that groundwater and the soil itself can be contaminated by runoff and chemical waste. Improper cleaning of the septic tank with chemicals can lead to various diseases, contamination of the residential area of ​​the entire site. Therefore, before starting work, it is necessary to design a sewer system, collect a package of documents and submit an application to the SES.

Before constructing a sewer system, you need to make a design, then assemble necessary documents and submit an application to the SES.

Documentation package

A septic tank is an installation for the accumulation and treatment of household waste. Not only liquids accumulate in sewer tanks, but also solid waste, harmful gases, microorganisms. Such installations require constant monitoring by sanitary and epidemiological authorities. This makes it possible to protect groundwater from contamination, prevent the spread of various diseases, and the ingress of wastewater into residential areas. For the safety of both yourself and others, you must obtain appropriate permission to use a septic tank.

How to obtain permission from the SES and where, what package of documentation will need to be collected? Among the main documents that will be required by the SES, it is worth noting:

• availability of a technical passport;
• a detailed diagram of the septic tank installation, which the design organization will help you draw up;
• project for a residential building;
• package of documentation on ownership of the site and building;
• detailed topological survey of the entire site (obtained from the relevant organization);
• an agreement with various organizations on the removal of all liquid household waste.

After the documentation package has been collected, you can submit an application to the SES. This is done either in the sanitary epidemiological station of the region or in a security organization environment. It must be remembered that the application can only be submitted together with a package of documentation. You will have to wait about a month for permission from the SES. There is one more point for suburban areas. After installing a wastewater storage tank, SES has the right to conduct scheduled and unscheduled inspections. Employees have the right to check the quality of wastewater treatment and the contents of the septic tank.

Location conditions

You can’t just install a septic tank or cesspool on your property, since any sewer system poses a certain danger. If permission for installation has been received from the SES, you can begin installing an external sewage system. There are certain standards that regulate the distance from various objects, the depth of holes and other conditions.

To obtain permission from epidemiological stations to place a septic tank, you will have to choose the right location for the tank.

Today, SNiP 30-02-97 and SanPiN 42-128-4690-88 have a whole list of requirements for the location of cesspools on the territory of a personal plot:

• storage pits must be located on the territory adjacent to a private house; it is not allowed to discharge wastewater beyond the boundaries of the site without the appropriate connection and permission;
• the cesspool for drainage should be located at a distance of 10 m from the water main and 20 m from the drinking well to prevent contamination of clean water drinking water household waste, chemicals and wastewater;
• the distance from the septic tank to a residential building and other structures should be approximately 10-12 m. A closer location can lead to flooding of the foundation in the spring and destruction of building structures;
• there should be a distance of 1 m from the septic tank to the fence;
• The depth of the cesspool should not be more than 3 m, otherwise its maintenance will be difficult. A thick layer of silt and solid sediment will constantly accumulate at the bottom.

Device options

Today it is possible to install various designs of cesspools for storing and partially processing wastewater. These could be:

• ordinary cesspools;
• engineering systems for accumulation and partial processing and separation of wastewater mass.

The simplest option, which is provided by the relevant permitting services, is cesspools that do not have an equipped bottom. They are constructed if the daily volume of wastewater discharged from a residential building is no more than 1 m³. Sewage pits are installed below the level drinking water so that the water in the well is not contaminated by wastewater.

Various parameters must be taken into account:

• requirements for the location of the pit;
• taking into account the type and properties of the soil at the installation site.

Norms and wells in one area:

• if the site has clay soil, it should be equal to 20 m;
• for loam - from 30 m;
• for sandy loam and sandy soil - from 50 m.

If the planned volume of waste per day is more than 1 m³, you will have to abandon the structure without a bottom in favor of a concrete or brick pit, a PVC or metal septic tank.

For the external sewer system of a private house, sealed septic tanks are recommended, which are not only more convenient to use, but are also highly reliable. They are usually installed by specialized stations. SanPiNs for them are as follows:

• During installation, the bottom of the pit should be inclined towards the service hatch, which is necessary for subsequent maintenance;
• the installation location is selected in such a way that the septic tank is located about 10 m from the residential building, and 1 m from the fence of the site;
• A sealed cesspool requires periodic cleaning with a special sewage disposal machine.

It is worth paying attention to a number of tips given by experts:

• for the access of special equipment it is necessary to provide a spacious and convenient place, so there is no need to hide the septic tank in the far corner of the site;
• During the operation of the tank, methane may form, so it is recommended to equip the tank with a special ventilation system. According to the requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological station, it will be necessary to provide a ventilation pipe with a diameter of 10 cm. The height of the pipe above the ground level should be 60 cm.

Communications supply

A sanitary permit will have to be obtained not only for, but for everyone engineering communications that are nearby. There are certain standards for the placement of pipes on the site:

• reinforced concrete and asbestos-cement pipes must be located at a distance of 5 m or more from the septic tank;
• cast iron pipelines with a diameter of up to 200 mm must be located at a distance of 1.5 m from the wastewater sump;
• cast iron pipelines with a diameter of 200 mm or more can be located at a distance of at least 3 m from the septic tank;
• gas pipes can be located at a distance of 5 m from the location of the septic tanks.

When installing a septic tank on personal plot You must remember to comply with all sanitary standards and obtain the appropriate permit. Sanitary standards regulate the location of the septic tank and establish minimum distances for laying other communications on the site. Taking into account the SES and installation of the septic tank relative to the location of the residential building and other buildings. It is worth being prepared for periodic inspections by employees of the sanitary and epidemiological station. But you should not be categorical about this, since all this is done for the safety of you and others.

The quality of life largely depends on the influence of the environment on us. There is a pattern that the worse the environmental situation, the more often we get sick, it gets worse general health. All over the world, activities related to environmental health are of primary importance. By developing and introducing new technologies, priority environmental issues are being resolved. Increasingly, the question arises about high-quality wastewater treatment not only of cities, regions, but also of individual buildings. Using new technologies in the manufacture of treatment facilities, septic tank for an apartment building will save you from the “bad” smell, the accumulation of dangerous “damp” sediment, which are the main problems of existing structures. It is impossible to solve this problem with traditional technologies.

The principle of wastewater treatment in septic tanks for apartment buildings and villages

The modern market offers septic tank for the village or an apartment building with biological wastewater treatment. Thanks to the work of microorganisms, the decomposition and oxidation of organic contaminants that inhabit wastewater occurs. In the process, microorganisms release energy and multiply. Biologically purifying contamination is a complex process. Enzymatic decomposition occurs until organic matter reaches simple carbon compounds or molecular carbon, which is the basis of organic contaminants. One of the representatives of such autonomous systems is EcoDin (Topas, TopolWater), which combine biological treatment and fine-bubble aeration for water oxidation.

Why do you need an EcoDyn septic tank (Topas, TopolWater)?

High-performance septic tanks EcoDin (Topas, TopolWater) are the basis of any autonomous sewage system for wastewater treatment of a cottage, recreation center, hotel. Septic tank for the village EcoDin (Topas, TopolWater) can serve from 5 to 150 people per day, processing wastewater volumes from 250 to 7500 liters.

Can be assembled on site from standard modules manufactured at the factory. Model range is represented by septic tanks for various functional purposes; the installation of technological equipment is carried out during production at the factory. Some models are equipped with a built-in pump, an extended neck, and have a reinforced body.

The main advantages of septic tanks EcoDin (Topas, TopolWater):

High, efficient extraction of pollutants;

There is no need for permanent buildings for maintenance.

Septic tanks EcoDin (Topas, TopolWater), which no one can do without autonomous sewage system for the village, are made of high-quality polypropylene material, which makes the product durable and resistant to aggressive environments.

Autonomous sewage system for apartment buildings

Septic tank for an apartment building, is important system cleaning in a home, restaurant, hotel, etc. In a building where people are constantly present. All these points are especially important, since it is necessary to take into account the capabilities of the sewerage system and for how many people it should be designed, it is necessary to think through to the smallest detail in order to ensure the coordinated operation of the sewerage system and water supply.

An autonomous sewer system for a cottage is quite suitable for a hotel, and this is obvious. The advantage of easy installation in any type of soil, at any depth. Along with the low cost of biological treatment systems, there is high operating efficiency. for the village - a system that purifies wastewater, while the work of the old version is to direct the waste to the cesspool.

Septic tank for the village, fully complies with all sanitary standards and legislation. They are safe for the environment, as they completely recycle contaminants to a harmless state. You do not need the help of a sewage service to clean the tank. Purified water is reused for technical purposes, irrigation, and sludge (sapropel) as fertilizer.

Autonomous sewerage system for the village

The problem of wastewater disposal in country house This is most acute if there is no sewer line nearby into which a connection could be made. If there is no central sewer system, then the most accessible way to dispose of wastewater is by discharging it into a cesspool. However, this method has a lot of significant disadvantages, the main ones of which include the presence unpleasant odor emanating from the pit, as well as the need for regular cleaning.

It is precisely because of these shortcomings that this method is becoming less and less popular, since at present it is being successfully replaced by another method, on the basis of which both individual and collective autonomous sewage systems in a cottage community can be arranged. This method is called - autonomous sewage system for the village, and its undeniable advantages are the relative ease of wastewater disposal, as well as the ease of their further purification and disposal.

Installation of an autonomous sewer system for an apartment building or village

The design of an autonomous sewer system is quite simple and includes two main elements. The first element is a reservoir, which is called a septic tank, and the wastewater treatment process is carried out in it, and the second element is the so-called filtration well, with the help of which purified wastewater is removed, which is subsequently absorbed into the ground.

The ease of use of this sewage system lies in the fact that the movement of wastewater in it occurs by gravity, without the use of pressure pumps, wastewater treatment occurs relatively quickly and very efficiently, and the system itself does not require frequent maintenance, which is recommended to be carried out no more than once every two years .

In addition to cleaning, septic tank for the village It also provides for the subsequent removal of water after its purification for its further disposal. For this, a so-called filtration well is used, into which water purified by active bacteria is forced out of the septic tank at the moment when a new portion of wastewater enters it. The filtration well is equipped with a system for settling purified water and its further disposal by resorption in the ground. The filtering and recycling systems are designed taking into account sanitary standards; during their installation, it is necessary to take into account the type of soil, as well as the existing groundwater level in the area.

It can also be successfully used for installing a collective sewage system in a cottage community. However, it should be noted that in this case you need to take a more careful approach to choosing the diameter of the sewer pipes, the volume of the septic tank and the size of the filtration well, and the best solution would be to trust everything necessary calculations specialists who are able to calculate all the parameters so that the collective sewage system of the village meets all sanitary and epidemiological standards.

In any case, it is the autonomous sewerage system that will allow you to experience the comfort of a city apartment in a country village, allowing you to enjoy all the benefits of a full-fledged sewerage system, which in turn will greatly improve your life.