He is also the Titanic, he is also the Lying Skyscraper, he is also the House of Atomic Scientists, and so on. The building is epic and impressive.

In connection with its epic and representative nature, it serves as a source of the wildest urban legends and assumptions. While he was collecting material, he repeatedly grabbed his face with his hand - everything is so severe. It is no wonder.

In my next local history breakthrough, I will scatter a few.

First, general information:

Architects V.D. Babad, V.L. Voskresensky, L.V. Smirnova, V.Sh. Baramidze. Built for almost 2 decades, finally commissioned in 1986.

Length ~ 400 meters, height ~ 50 meters, width ~ 15 meters (without balconies). 9 entrances. 980 apartments.

Officially - 14 floors, in appearance - 16 floors with windows (of which 4 floors with large balconies around the entire perimeter) plus two technical floors without windows.
At the same time, the first three floors, which for some reason are officially considered only two floors, are actually as high as a five-story building!

The following are available in the elevator: 1st, 3rd to 12th and 14th floors (i.e. skipped the 2nd and 13th).
Residential floors: 3-15 (inclusive).

Duplex apartments on the 12th and 14th floors.

For some reason, poor Lzar Moiseevich Cherikover is stubbornly dragged into its construction, and even calling him Leonid, although the old man died back in 1964, and from the other world, perhaps, he could dictate projects ... No, well, of course, they don’t give people such large-scale buildings: "It can't be done without the OGPU!". These guys need to cross the road - to Kashchenko.

Well, of course, the legends about the Chief Foreman (who is this?!), who, de, "did everything in spite of" and was either almost eaten personally by Leonid Ilyich, or almost expelled from the party ....

They made up a lot of nonsense. Okay, first let's see what was on Bolshaya Tulskaya Street before the appearance of this monster.

The district of the Serpukhovskaya outpost was a very neglected urban outskirts with low-rise buildings. At the beginning of the 20th century, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe present Third Ring Road, along Dukhovskiy Lane, which went around the Danilovskoye cemetery, the border of Moscow passed. And until the 60s B. Tulskaya (together with Malaya, now passing through the rear of the "house-ship"), something like this was molded:

In the yards, so in general - something like this:

For a long time, the "Zhdanov's house" stood on the corner with Dukhovskiy Lane, until it was demolished in 2000 during the construction of the TTK:

Yes, what is interesting - the house was private until the last day. Throughout the Soviet era, the descendants of the pre-revolutionary owners lived in it ...

Interestingly, along with the pre-revolutionary houses standing here along Bolshaya Tulskaya (in fact, the beginning of the Varshavskoye highway), along Serpukhov Val, they piled up solid houses of 3-5 floors in the 30s for the workers of the ZIS located across the river. Who are still standing, not coughing. Like these:

And in one of the houses on the site of the current "house-ship" in general, a bomb hit in 1941:

In the late 60s, a large-scale clearing began here. In the early 70s, they began to fence this house. The construction was carried out on the order of Atommash, naturally, this was reflected in the project. (Next, I will make long inserts from http://mosday.ru/info/article.php?house-ship , heavily editing and pasting)

Everything was used in the construction - a monolith, reinforced concrete slabs and beams, brickwork.

Until then, the chief foreman had built only nuclear reactors in the USSR, which affected the fundamental nature of the structure. The house is seismically stable, plus, to prevent folding, all angles are not 90 degrees, but 87 and 93. True, there were no such cataclysms in Moscow, but the gloomy logic of nuclear builders is irrefutable: "in case of an atomic war."

At the bottom of the house between pairs of entrances and along the edges there are high spans with large columns. They serve for the passage of people through the house (so as not to go around half a kilometer around) and, probably, for the passage of gusts of wind (sometimes the wind is almost blown away there).

External and load-bearing walls, ceilings and beams made of very durable reinforced concrete (cast at defense nuclear power plants). The builders who did the renovation of the apartments said that they had never seen such strong concrete anywhere (expensive perforator drills burned out just like that). Internal partition walls are usually made of brick and, in fact, are not capital.

The house was being built for a very long time - almost two decades ... When the first tenants moved in at one end of the house, the other was still under construction. And at a certain moment, it looked like a camel with two humps, since everything was already standing at the edges, and in the middle there was a failure, cranes were working to the fullest, slabs were being lifted, while lights were already on in the windows of the extreme entrances, and people lived .

Between 1985-90

Since the construction was carried out for a very long time, the quality of finishing and engineering varied in different entrances. In recent years, finishing work was carried out by soldiers, so they were performed very poorly. And if wallpaper and painting bothered few people, since most of the new settlers immediately redid it all, then plastering and leveling curved walls and ceilings caused a lot of trouble during major renovations already in post-perestroika times.

All doors inside the apartments and entrances were of very high quality and veneered with natural wood (even on fire shields). Fire alarms were installed in all apartments. And on the upper floors there are easily knocked out balcony partitions (for evacuation). Plates are electric. The floor is parquet. Windows with 6 mm thick glass and large inter-frame spaces, and on the side of the highway - with noise-reducing transoms. Also for noise and thermal insulation of bathrooms, ventilation shafts and water and sewer channels - double walls with a void inside.

In the house you can find apartments of very different layouts and areas. In connection with the repeated redrawing of the project and long-term construction, in the house you can find many unusually "wonderful" design solutions, mainly related to planning and engineering. For example, a very "curly" tangled water supply system - in one large apartment there can be as many as three risers, while one of them also blocks the neighbors' kitchen at the same time, and other neighbors can shut off the water in your bathroom, just in case, closing their valve when leaving on vacation.

I heard that there are a lot of unused voids in the house. There are even whole "no man's" rooms that have a window, but without entrances and exits.

Here I digress a little in order to remember how I first saw this house. It was in 1984, when I began to run to the gymnastics section at the Youth Sports School, located on Mytnaya, behind the Danilov baths. By the way, there was no characteristic Danilovsky market yet. Just during the period of its construction, we often climbed this concrete dome, and then rolled down from it on our ass along the icy slope.

Here, if you draw a line from the center of the bottom edge of the picture, then behind the market you will see between the houses the native youth sports school of the Zamoskvoretsky district ...

This house, then still unfinished, really impressed me. To a boy from Chertanov built up with square-nested parallelepipeds I-515 / 9M and II-57, an unusual house with jagged balconies stretching along its entire length with a huge continuous strip of windows, enchanting columns that carry the entire structure, illuminated by the lights of electric welding, seemed somehow fabulous. It was somehow impossible to believe that this was a simple residential building, hence all these legends grow, one must think.

1986, just right.

And a little more gag. The main architect of this house is Vladimir Davidovich Babad. What is characteristic, as it turned out, is that he is also listed as the designer of my beloved Chertanovsky registry office, where I had a little marriage with Tasyun. This house is always celebrated by people, rejoicing at its unusual architecture. Duc didn’t do what Khukhra-Mukhra did, but an uncle with experience! :)))

Okay, back to the house-ship.

Infrastructure.

In the courtyard of the house there is a playground, a kindergarten of a combined type (child development center "Doshkolenok", address: Malaya Tulskaya street, house 17) with a children's pool, secondary school No. 547 with a sports ground, football, hockey and basketball ground, heating unit.

The lower floors of the house were intended for the sphere of domestic services - there were shoe repair, watch repair, metal repair, a jewelry workshop, key making, a post office, a savings bank, a flower shop, a locksmith workshop, its own housing office and even a separate passport office (department).

And yet - a large grocery store, deli, which is part of the house.
From its side, trucks drive in and out under the house, bringing food to storage facilities located underground.

The guys and I were there once ... maybe because we were still small then (we studied in high school), or maybe really, but the size of this dungeon seemed just huge - trucks drive right there - I was very impressed then ...

Roof.

Given the size of the house - it is large and interesting.
A single flat space with protruding structures of the ventilation system and technical facilities located above the elevator shafts for their maintenance and exits to the back stairs.

All this has a very impressive concrete side with a small fence on it. On it you can calmly and even very safely walk around the perimeter of the whole house. After all, even if you fall, you will fall onto the balcony, which, given its width, is not so easy to fly over.

Now the passage to the roof is blocked by an iron grate under the lock, and walking along the side can be much more dangerous, because most of the balconies have got sloping roofs.

I remember that in the 1990s there was a project to build two more floors on top of the house with an entertainment center, a casino and a hotel with a gorgeous view of Moscow. They wanted to make a separate elevator there, and to equip the residents with something around the house.

Entrances.

The house has nine entrances connected in pairs, each with more than 100 apartments, and in one place even three entrances have common corridors.
Due to this pairwise connection, such large long corridors are obtained. There you can run, ride a bike and take a hundred meters!
At the entrances to the entrances there were huge aluminum-glass doors - at that time it was very unusual.

Duplex apartments, right?

Yes, the apartments on the upper floors were conceived as elite, although such a word is not for Soviet times, so let's say - improved planning. True, at that time it was a little more ...

I'll tell you on the example of one four-room two-story apartment, located on the 12th and 13th floors, as it was then.
4 rooms (1 large, walk-through - living room - on the first floor and 3 different-sized rooms on the second), 2 toilets (on the first floor, a toilet and a sink, on the second floor - a toilet and a bidet), a bathroom with a sink - on the second floor, two corridors (one on each floor with built-in wardrobes), a kitchen and a large balcony on the ground floor.
In general, the apartment is not huge - the area is about 90 sq.m.
You can get home from two entrances with two elevators (small passenger and large cargo) in each (and two back stairs, respectively). You take the elevator to the 12th floor (of course, the elevator does not stop on the 13th floor, but just passes it), you go out, go to the left, and go along a long, seemingly narrow corridor with doors, reminiscent of a hotel or ship.
At the entrance to the apartment, not one door, but two, with a 20-cm vestibule between them (for greater comfort, noise suppression, odors and heat preservation).
On the ground floor of the apartment there is a small corridor, a built-in wardrobe, a toilet with a sink, a kitchen with access to the corridor (door with glass) and the living room (swing double door with glass), a large walk-through living room, respectively, having doors to the corridor, kitchen, exit to the balcony and a wooden (later they began to make iron) ordinary (not spiral) rather massive staircase to the second floor. Above the stairs is an unreasonably empty large six-meter span.

It is worth noting that according to the original project, there was supposed to be a sliding wall between the kitchen and the living room, turning the entire lower floor into a single space (similar to a studio), but they decided that this was too much and just put a double-leaf door with glass. True, the wall is not capital and easily demolished, some later did so.

Of particular note is the spacious balcony (more than a meter wide and 6 meters long) with a panoramic view. Since there is no second balcony on the second floor of the apartment, then, standing on this balcony, nothing hangs above you and you feel space (at the same time, it is again on the 14th floor, and this closes you well from precipitation), and the high height and the absence of tall houses nearby opens up a magnificent 180-degree panorama.

Interestingly, of all the 4-room apartments that I saw, none were identical. All of them are similar, but everywhere there are slight differences in the layout of the second floor (size, presence / absence of a closet, different corridors and bathrooms, etc.).

It seems strange to me that for some reason they decided to dilute the presence of 4-room 2-storey apartments on the 12th and 14th floors with 1-room 1-storey apartments (with the same balconies), which are, as it were, "crammed" between them. The fact is that the second floor of 4-room apartments is much larger than the first and, as it were, hangs over these 1-room apartments. At the same time, their residents may experience discomfort while on their balcony, when neighbors from the second floor of their 4-room apartment can look at them from above.

On the 14th and 15th floors there are also duplex apartments with two balconies (the same one on the first floor and a larger one on the second)! True, this second floor is more "shrunk" there, they say that at the last approval of the project it was ordered to cut off the last floor, but the foreman only formally accepted the order, leaving two-story apartments there too, however, the upper level crawled into the technical floor, under the very roof) .

And the end apartments have generally huge in length and even larger in width curved balconies.

Panorama from the roof of the house to Bolshaya Tula, Kholodilny pr. and the Moscow River:

And here - to the southwest, from the 14th floor. Kaschenka behind the houses ...

To the west. Away - University:

To the northwest, towards Shabolovka:

Well, somehow it is like this. Thank you all, sorry, goodbye.

The standard layout of an apartment in the house of the “ship” series (600) is an entrance hall, a corridor with a built-in storage room, a separate bathroom, a small kitchen (6-9 m2), a living room, small bedrooms and a narrow balcony. The height of the ceilings is 2.5 m. The dimensions of the storage rooms do not exceed half a meter, but balconies provide additional storage space.

Advantages of apartments in "ships"

The advantages of such planning solutions include:

• separate bathroom;
• large living room (18 m2);
• availability of storage spaces (storerooms, built-in wardrobes);
• spacious corridor;
• loggias and balconies even on the first floor.

Cons of apartments in "ships"

In multi-room apartments (3 or more rooms), the living room is often a walk-through room to which the bedrooms are connected. Small kitchens with an area of ​​​​a little more than 6 m2 should also be attributed to the minuses, however, in the latest series (1LG-600A-70), the kitchens have been increased to 10.5 m2.

In the "ships" the windows are wide and let in a lot of natural light. However, the window in the kitchen is located slightly higher from the floor than in the living rooms, which is not very convenient. The layout of the kitchen suggests that there is a dining table by the window, but due to the high location of the window, those sitting at the table do not look out the window, but into the wall.

In some layout options there are small bedrooms (6.5-9 m2), in which it is difficult to place anything other than a double bed.

Bathrooms and toilets are separate, however, the area and parameters of the rooms do not provide for a place to install a washing machine.

When designing new houses, Soviet architects forgot that St. Petersburg is located in a cold climate zone, and made the houses freeze quickly. That is, when the heating is turned off, the apartment in the “ship” will cool down much faster than apartment in building 137 series. However, modern double-glazed windows and glazing of loggias make the apartments much warmer.

Also, the disadvantages of houses include insufficient sound insulation and possible leakage of facades.

Redevelopment of the apartment in the "house-ship"

The special design of the "house-ships" practically does not allow redevelopment. All internal walls in the apartments are load-bearing, while the external walls are made of lightweight curtain panels.

“Lightweight” exterior walls have their own advantages: they allow you to maintain a special microclimate in the apartment: in wet weather, they take excess moisture from the air, and in dry weather, on the contrary, they give it away.

How much does an apartment in the "ship" cost?

The cost of an apartment in a "ship" directly depends on the year the house was built and its modifications. 1-room apartments in "ships" are in great demand, as they are distinguished by an affordable price and the most functional layout.

Among the best layouts of "house-ships" are the 1LG-600 series, in which the size of the kitchens is increased (built in 1973-1982), as well as houses with insulated hinged panels located in Ulyanka, in the Kirovsky district of St. Petersburg.

The average cost per square meter in "ships" varies from 75,000 to 100,000 rubles. The price is also influenced by factors such as the proximity of the house to the metro and the development of the surrounding infrastructure.

Sale of apartments in "house-ships"

"M16-Real Estate" will help to buy an apartment in the "ship" in the secondary market of St. Petersburg. Our specialists will select a suitable apartment for you, organize a viewing, check documents and follow up the transaction.

3-room apartment 60.3 m2 on Khudozhnikov Avenue

Excellent three-ruble note with isolated spacious rooms and cosmetic repairs. To the total area adds additional space for a storage system - a balcony of 2.5 m2.

Only 1.5 km to the metro station "Pr. Enlightenment”, to the metro station “Ozerki” can be reached by transport in just 5-7 minutes. There are many educational institutions in the area, including a good gymnasium. There is a clinic. Near supermarkets, entertainment venues and everything a modern person needs!

1-room apartment 32.9 m2 on Nalichnaya street

Species odnushka in the house-"ship" on Vasilyevsky Island, less than 10 minutes to the metro station "Primorskaya". Separate bathroom, in the corridor there is a niche where you can equip a small comfortable dressing room.

2-room apartment 45.2 m2 on Composers street

Bright and cozy kopeck piece in a “ship” on Composers Street, a 10-minute walk from Prospekt Prosveshcheniya metro station. Excellent renovation in white colors and large windows fill the apartment with plenty of natural light.

The apartment has double-glazed windows, and the loggia is glazed. All rooms are isolated from each other, a wide corridor with the possibility of installing a wardrobe. House built in 1980.

3-room apartment 55 m2 on the street. Ushinsky

Cozy three-room apartment in the "house-ship", not far from the metro station "Grazhdansky Prospekt". The house was built in 1975.

Thoughtful layout: large living room of 18 m2, two bedrooms, spacious entrance hall (8 m2), separate bathroom, built-in storage room and bright kitchen. The kitchen has been remodeled: it is connected to a glazed and insulated loggia. Kitchen footage - 9 m2.

Floors: 5-15

External wall material: aerated concrete hinged panels

Living quarters height: 250 cm

Apartments: one-, two-, three-, four-, five-room apartments

Manufacturer: Avtovsky DSK (DSK-3)

Years of construction: 1969-1982

The main areas of "deployment": Krasnoselsky, Kirovsky, Primorsky

“Ships” are the most typical and recognizable houses of the first half of the 1970s, which belong to the third generation of town-planning panel houses after Khrushchev and early Brezhnevka. Apartments in these houses on today's apartment market, along with housing in the Khrushchev five-story buildings, are considered the most affordable urban housing. Nevertheless, in Brezhnev's time, brand new buildings, similar to the deck superstructures of ocean passenger liners, seemed to be comfortable and cozy housing. What influenced the reputation of the "ship"?

In 1969, the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On measures to improve the quality of housing and civil construction" set the task of raising the artistic, aesthetic and operational level of new housing. This document marked the beginning of the third generation housing construction.

The first houses with improved aesthetics and performance were the buildings of the 1-Lg-600 series, developed by LENZNIIEP for the Avtovsky House-Building Plant (DSK-3) in the early 1970s.

The apartments in the St. Petersburg "ships" are small, but the designers should not be blamed for this: they honestly carried out the task set by the party and the government (to provide each Soviet family with a separate apartment), and therefore tried to isolate each room in a small apartment as much as possible. The consumer qualities of apartments have changed little compared to the houses of the Khrushchev period. The designers continued to strive to bring the range and characteristics of apartments closer to the demographic composition of the population, but not by increasing housing, but by reducing the number of walk-through rooms due to the appearance of additional partitions, refusing combined bathrooms, planning built-in wardrobes in all apartments that ate up space already cramped hallways.

In the conditions of shortage of living space, “each family” meant three generations. In the planning decisions of the 1960s and 1970s, yesterday's communal apartments are guessed. In fact, individual apartments differed from communal ones only in smaller dimensions. The basic principles of planning are the same: a vestibule-corridor, a separate kitchenette, in large apartments - one common room and several small bedrooms (from 6.2 to 13.2 sq. M). Guests from abroad have always been surprised by this Russian design fun: filling small apartments with so many partitions and doors.

Kitchens in the first houses of the "ship" series are small, only 6.17-6.3 square meters. m, however, the designers assumed that the location of the window (with a window sill at chest level) would help residents more rationally manage a small space: under such a window, you can put a dining table or sofa. In the first modifications of the "ships" there are not only kitchens with an upper window position, but also miniature bedrooms. Indeed, only the upper window front allows you to squeeze a double bed into a room slightly larger than 6 square meters. m. And from this the bedroom becomes like a ship's cabin. And this is also one of the reasons why the houses of the "six hundredth" series were dubbed "ships". Another reason is the characteristic "ship" coloring and facades similar to deck superstructures: solid ribbons and loggias along the entire facade (in the first exemplary "ships", the walls, with the exception of the lintels between the windows, painted in radical colors, were white).

The windows located under the ceiling are a borrowing from the European experience of social prefabricated housing. They were appropriate in spacious small-family apartments (where children and parents live) with non-isolated spaces of halls and living rooms. But for the Soviet tenant, such an attribute of a European home turned out to be completely alien and soon became a symbol of uncomfortable cheap housing. In addition, furniture that can give a noble look to the room, from the windows of which only the sky is visible, was in great short supply during the years of developed socialism.

The main progressive difference between the “ships” and the standard houses of the previous two generations was the new block-sectional design principle. The difference between the Khrushchev building and the “ship” is about the same as between the three-leaf Zhdanov cabinet and the Yugoslav furniture wall.

The nomenclature of the 1-Lg-600 series included nine-, twelve-, and fifteen-story houses with a different number of sections: a one-section (point) 54-apartment building, four variants of a 252-apartment building, that is, a five-section latitudinal orientation, a seven-section meridional and latitudinal orientation, nine-section, as well as seven-section with improved layouts for housing construction cooperatives. As you can see, among the new design trends that have come to us from Europe are various planning solutions for houses oriented along latitudes (east-west) and meridians (north-south). A set of houses of different heights and the number of sections, like a standard furniture set, made it possible to force entire blocks with them. But despite the widely declared new planning principles, the quarters of the "ship" development still differed no more than the rooms with standard furniture in the apartments of their inhabitants.

In the main areas of "deployment" of "ships" close to Avtovsky DSK - Krasnoselsky and Kirovsky (ironically, these same areas are closest to the Seaport) there are microdistricts similar to kitchens (a nine-story table-ship surrounded by twelve-story points-stools ), and quarters-living rooms, where nine- and twelve-story "ships", like elements of a furniture wall, are connected by brick houses-inserts. These inserts are worthy of a separate publication: for the first time in the years of mass Soviet housing construction, non-right angles appeared in the joints of residential buildings. The rejection of extreme rationalism turned out to be pluses for a potential newcomer: the “surplus” of space led to the appearance of large rooms, kitchens, and spacious non-standard hallways. However, fitting furniture that was in short supply in those years into such a room was a real problem.

Consumer characteristics

Minuses. The reputation of the "ship" is tarnished. Unfortunately, these houses have lost their former attractiveness, because our ever-reforming operating organizations have long ceased to update the facades. In addition, having borrowed technologies and design solutions from countries with a warmer climate, our builders forgot to insulate the outer walls, so in the event of interruptions in heating, the apartments in the "ships" freeze quite quickly. Meanwhile, using the formulation that the salvation of the residents is the work of the residents themselves, the situation can be largely corrected by glazing the loggias, additional insulation of windows and entrance doors. Another common problem of "ships" is leaks along the facades.

But besides the cons, there are also pros. The design of the “ship” house (bearing frame and external walls made of light hinged panels) provides a good margin of safety. However, it should be remembered that because of this design, apartments in the "ships" are not amenable to redevelopment. The top location of the kitchen window is, of course, a serious disadvantage, but why not try to turn it into dignity, and try to arrange the kitchen furniture as the designers intended? As for the outer walls leaking in wet weather, it is much easier to deal with this phenomenon in the houses of the 1-Lg-600 series than in other Brezhnevka houses: it is necessary to require the operating organizations to update the joints and paintwork of the facades in a timely manner. Exterior walls made of aerated concrete panels are not the worst option in terms of ecology: they maintain a special microclimate, taking excess moisture in wet weather and releasing it when it is dry outside. "Ship" loggias are inscribed unobtrusively into the facade, and therefore, being glazed, they look completely natural. Most of the houses of the 1-Lg-600 series are located in residential residential areas built in the 70s of the last century.

Remodeling and renovation

Due to a number of design features (light hinged panels of the outer walls and a load-bearing frame), the "ships" are not amenable to redevelopment.

Exterior walls made of aerated concrete panels do not hold any fasteners (nails, dowels, self-tapping screws, etc.)

The main modifications of the "ships" 1-Lg-600

1-LG600A

Nine-story houses with the number of entrances from three to nine. Years of construction: 1969-1978. In suburban areas, there are five- and seven-story buildings of houses of this modification, but in most cases these are nine-story multi-entrance buildings. The main building of the sleeping quarters of the Kirov and Krasnoselsky districts. Such houses were built in Primorsky, Vyborgsky, Kalininsky and Frunzensky districts. This type of houses has many modifications that differ from the standard. Inscribing such houses in the quarters of complex development, the designers learned how to bend them not only at right angles. Hence the variety of "ship" layouts. Kitchen area in a typical version - 6.2 square meters. m, rooms - 6.2-18.1 sq. m.

1-LG600A-1, 1-LG600A-8

Point one-entrance houses, 9, 12 or 15 floors high. Mostly Kirovsky and Krasnoselsky districts. The prototype of these buildings is Khrushchev G-5, the main difference from the prototype is the presence of balconies in the apartments.

1-LG600A/70

Upgraded ship. The construction of these houses began in 1973 and continued until the early 1980s. Prototype series 1-LG600.11. The main difference from the primary modification is the location of the sections in "steps", increased to 10.5 square meters. m of kitchen area. Floors - 7, 9, 12, 15 floors. They were built in Krasnoye Selo and Gorelovo, Krasnoselsky and Kirovsky and Primorsky districts. Windows at the ends of the sections, as a rule, are absent.

Constructivist communal houses, Stalinist skyscrapers and high-rise buildings on legs of the 1970s are not just residential buildings, but real city symbols. In its new column "" The Village talks about the most famous and unusual houses of the two capitals and their inhabitants. In the second issue, we learned from Muscovite Kirill Banatin how life works in the House of Atomic Workers on Tulskaya, which is regularly included in the lists of the ugliest buildings in Moscow.

The building on Bolshaya Tulskaya Street, which stretches for half a kilometer, has almost a thousand apartments. The unusual appearance of the house, for which the locals called it the "ship", gave rise to a whole series of legends. According to one of them, the building was erected according to the Finnish project, and the chief foreman had previously built only nuclear reactors, which is why the reinforced concrete giant turned out to be so massive and solid. The building was indeed intended for employees of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building, which was engaged in the nuclear industry of the USSR, but the Mosproekt workshop No. 13 (architects Vladimir Babad and Vsevolod Voskresensky), who worked on the architectural design of Danilovskaya Square, was responsible for the project.

The construction of the house dragged on throughout the 1980s, and while the first tenants settled in the outer entrances, only the lower floors were erected in the central part, so the quality of construction in different parts of the house is strikingly different. The building has nine entrances connected in pairs by long corridors, and on the 12th and 14th floors there are two-story apartments with spacious balconies. At the time of construction, the house had an experimental ventilation system, and massive walls with internal voids and very thick window panes were supposed to protect residents from noise and heat loss. Finally, the walls in the apartments are at angles of 87 degrees and 93 degrees, making the building earthquake resistant. The urban legend says that the house will survive even in the conditions of an atomic war, and this is not that hard to believe.

Kirill Banatin: Our house in the area is known as "ship", less common names are "Titanic" and "nuclear power plant". And if at school they asked me where I live, then the answer “in the ship” was not surprising. There is a legend among the residents that this building was built as a hotel. But then it turned out that the house was in a dangerous place, the ground was sinking, and it was decided to give it to ordinary people. Concrete mixers came here several times and strengthened the foundation.

The house has an unusual, sometimes strange layout. Initially, it was planned to make four or five apartments on the floor, but in the end there were twice as many of them. The workers redrawn the space as best they could - incomprehensible beams protruding from the walls, ventilation and communication ducts turned out. We almost completely lack an entrance hall, which once again speaks in favor of the theory about the hotel.

Rumor has it that the house allegedly had immured rooms - entire rooms with windows, but without an entrance. This is explained by the fact that the Soviet people were not supposed to have large apartments, so the extra premises were simply mortgaged. I think that now there is definitely no such thing - all the premises are sold out or rented out. Too convenient for tenants. The first two floors of the house are occupied by shops, banks and cafes, so the elevator immediately goes to the third after the first floor. And after the 12th floor - not the 13th, but immediately the 14th, because the house has two-story apartments.

I myself live in a two-story apartment and therefore experience difficulties that ordinary people do not experience. For example, moving furniture or bulky items to the second floor is very difficult, and sometimes it is simply impossible due to the narrow opening of the stairs. The apartment, although two-story, is actually small. On the 12th floor there is a living room and a kitchen, on the next floor there are living rooms. The kitchen is also small, and if there are more than four people in it, it becomes crowded. But on each floor there is a toilet, and for a large family this is salvation. And every day you have to make a dozen ascents and descents of the stairs, which is not bad for physical activity. But for young children and the older generation, it is still not very convenient.

Ceiling height

265 centimeters

bathroom

separated

kitchen area

9 m2

One-room apartment

36 m2

Two-roomed flat

55 m2

Three bedroom apartment

72 m2

Four-room apartment

87 m2

corners between walls

87 degrees
and 93 degrees

House length

400 meters

Our windows overlook Bolshaya Tulskaya Street, which turns into Varshavskoye Highway. Previously, the street was much narrower, opposite there was no parking, "Yerevan Plaza", buildings of the tax office and the Supreme Court, instead of them there was a park with trees. Now there is almost no greenery in the area, everywhere is solid concrete and asphalt. Therefore, in the window from early morning until late evening you can see the same picture - a traffic jam from cars and a long line of people. And at night you have to enjoy the roar of street racers who really like to drive around Varshavka.

Probably not worth even talking about the impossibility of opening the windows due to noise and dust. If you wipe the window sill, open the window for an hour or two, and then wipe it again - the rag will be black. We also have special windows: this is a huge wooden box stuffed inside with something like thin foam rubber mixed with perforated sheets of hardboard. From the side of the apartment in the box there is a narrow vertical opening that can be closed. Through it, ventilation is carried out. The device was intended for filtering and noise absorption, but, unfortunately, over the decades, the foam rubber has been tightly saturated with dust, and in some places has leaked. So this system in the whole house, I think, has not been working for a long time. There has been no major overhaul yet. This summer they did a cosmetic one: they painted and in some places puttied the outer walls.

Two-story apartments in the house were given to large families - the same as ours. But over time, people sold their homes and moved to quieter and greener areas. Now on our floor, out of ten families that have moved in since the construction of the house, only four are left.

Average rental and sales prices based on CIAN offers