At the word “cannabis”, many modern people have similar associations: the hippie philosophy of the “flowers of life”, Bob Marley reggae, the rastaman movement, light psychotropics, Amsterdam, and, as a final chord, the drug enforcement department. However, not everyone knows that new varieties of Ukrainian selection, devoid of a narcotic component, are actively conquering the world market for technical hemp.
Culture is a "universal soldier"
Hemp (lat. - Cánnabis) is an unpretentious industrial crop from the genus of annual bast fibrous plants. This is our long-standing and reliable ally throughout the history of mankind, almost a natural gift to people. The first mention of cannabis is attributed to Hindu texts written over 4000 thousand years ago.
With a unique range of uses, this culture was very common and in demand. For centuries, the plant dressed, shod, fed, healed. Everything was used in the case: stems, leaves, roots, seeds. Hemp oil, seeds are suitable for the preparation of medicines, food. And also the seeds and cones of the plant, according to Herodotus, the Scythians used to fumigate the premises.
Hemp is one of the favorite materials of sailors: ropes and sails were made from hemp fibers. Many unique properties of a plant are determined by its chemical composition. Experts note that the hemp molecule has the longest and strongest molecular chain. Bast fibers, that is, located in the bark of the stem, are very strong, elastic and light. The great length of the fiber, the absence of lignification, people appreciated in ancient weaving.
Modern use has taken on new forms and directions. Here are some iconic things: the first Levi Strauss jeans, made in 1853, were created from hemp fibers; The indelible pattern of American dollars is due to the hemp fibers pressed into the banknote. Auto brands Porsche, Renault, Mercedes carry the same light and durable hemp component in their biocomposite cases, and hemp ropes have even been in space - they were used to transport equipment from the Soviet space station to the Moon.
In the late 90s, Ukrainian scientists solved the issue with the domestic powder mixture for cartridges. Cotton was replaced by hemp of Ukrainian selection, which has up to 70% cellulose in its composition. Tests in 1997 showed that ballistics improved with weight reduction.
In addition, experts say that hemp is the only plant known to mankind that cleanses soils that have fallen into man-made disasters.
Ukrainian selection
Cannabis has also had difficult times. Its popularity as a technical culture did not subside until the 60s of the last century. However, in 1961, the UN Convention on Narcotic Substances was adopted, where hemp was officially recognized as a drug, and any cultivation fell under strict control. Varieties containing more than 0.08% of the psychotropic substance tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) were banned from cultivation. By that time, the USSR was the world's largest producer of this crop, covering about 80% of the world market.
According to the convention, all crops of varieties with an excess of THC were subject to strict protection or destruction. The breeders set to work. In Ukraine, the Institute of Bast Crops, founded in 1931, was engaged in breeding varieties of technical hemp. as the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Cannabis. It was here, already in independent Ukraine, in the city of Glukhov, Sumy region, that highly productive hemp varieties that did not have narcotic properties were created. Scientists have been working on new varieties of Glukhov breeding for 17 years, and in 2013 a crop was obtained in which the narcotic component is completely absent. In 2014, the variety was presented in Vienna at the International Conference on Drug Control. Orders and offers poured in, and now Ukraine is selling technology, replenishing the domestic budget.
An interesting fact, the Institute of Bast Crops is located in a building that belonged to the family of the most famous industrialists and patrons Tereshchenko. The mansion was built in 1867 by Artem Tereshchenko, the ancestor of the dynasty of sugar refiners, the largest landowners in the Russian Empire. In the early 2000s, a descendant of the famous family Michel Tereshchenko came to Glukhov from France to look at the family nest. Seeing the wide opportunities and underestimated potential of the Ukrainian village, he decided to stay. Since then, Tereshchenko's farm has been growing flax and hemp, processing them into fiber. Their products are sent to global car manufacturers. Michel Tereshchenko, telling the media about his enterprise, clarifies: "In every Porsche Cayenne there is a small piece of Glukhov hemp." Now the patriotic entrepreneur has received Ukrainian citizenship and is actively involved in the public life of the community. And in October 2015, in the elections to local authorities, he was even elected mayor of Glukhov.
Decriminalization - rehabilitation
Rumor has it that hemp owes its criminal reputation to the largest American pulp tycoon Hearst. Hemp pulp in the 60s of the last century was a huge competition for wood products produced at DuPont enterprises owned by the entrepreneur. Yes, and such a name for cannabis as "marijuana" arose on the American continent at this particular time. Some researchers associate this substitution of the name of the culture with a black PR company to promote the negative image of cannabis, associating the word with ethnic Latin American criminal groups.
I heard such an interesting interpretation from the expert Sergey Kovalenkov. In October 2015, he gave a practical lecture in Kyiv on the use of industrial hemp in the construction and insulation of a home. The audience of the Green School reacted with great interest to the subject of the conversation.
However, Sergey began his lecture with the remark that he spoke in many countries of the world and listened to all possible jokes on the topic: "cannabis and altered consciousness."
Sergey is an architect and a specialist in innovative technology for Ukraine - building and insulating houses from hemp concrete.
Hemp fire is a global brand in home insulation.
For a long time, the hard tubular stalk of hemp - the bonfire - was the only part of the plant that was not used. But now it is a very popular material for ecological construction in the world.
What makes it so popular and attractive? Hemp fire is a natural natural "breathable" material. It has the unique properties of a humidity and temperature regulator, maintaining the ideal humidity for a person in the room - 50%.
At the same time, the material has a high coefficient of heat resistance, retains its heat-insulating properties when moistened, and the vapor-permeable fire is resistant to the formation of mold and fungus. Another important aspect for organic construction - despite the plant origin, insects and rodents ignore this building material.
Our interlocutor S. Kovalenkov says that he got acquainted with the technology of construction and insulation from hemp in Australia. According to the expert, the recipe is simple and ingenious: by mixing hemp fire in various proportions with cement, slaked lime and water, a homogeneous solution is obtained - hemp concrete.
Participation in the Australian state of Tasmania in the construction of a house consisting of almost 100% hemp concrete surprised and delighted him. “I heard about it, but knew little about such wide opportunities. With the help of hemp concrete, you can not only insulate walls, roofs, floors, but also build the house itself. The material takes any shape, the final plaster is also better than lime, just with a large degree of crushing fires.
There are two options for the use of hemp concrete:
- a freshly prepared solution is applied in layers to the surface to be insulated from a special hose under high pressure (shotcrete method);
- pre-made bonfire blocks (used for the construction of partitions, insulation and walls when using a frame).
The process of making hemp concrete takes place right at the construction site. The finished mixture hardens within 5 minutes. The fire itself is usually packed in briquette bags weighing 20-30 kg, depending on the fraction of the grinding of the stems.
“The uniqueness of hemp construction technology using lime allows for an important environmental benefit – a negative carbon footprint. It turns out that during the drying of 1 m3 of hemp concrete mixture, 165 kg of carbon is “absorbed”, since lime absorbs CO2 during hardening. And with drying, the lime mixture with hemp filler returns to its original state. It is practically a stone that becomes even stronger with time,” S. Kovalenkov noted the “anti-greenhouse” effect of the new material.
Reference:
Properties of hemp concrete used in the construction and insulation of houses:
Free home humidity and temperature controller.
Significant cost savings, with vapor-permeable walls there is no need to install a ventilation system.
The hygroscopicity of the fire helps to absorb and then release excess moisture.
Using only natural non-toxic materials without cement and plastic.
Normalization of the pH level in the room, antiseptic properties of lime.
The high thermal mass of the material allows you to keep the required temperature for a long time.
Excellent acoustic absorption due to high porosity.
The material hardens over the years due to the lack of high humidity.
Does not rot, fungus does not form due to moisture regulation.
The material is not combustible, and rodents do not start in it.
Domestic startup
Participation in the construction of fire houses around the world, and he built similar houses in Switzerland, Tasmania, Moscow region, inspired Sergey Kovalenkov to start his startup in Ukraine.
Together with like-minded people, they created a company for the production of Hempier Mix insulation according to their own recipe. The uniqueness of the material is given by a special organic binder, which the developers keep secret, calling it the “fifth element”. The density of the obtained material is 260 kg/m3. The walls are very light, but strong, allowing you to save on the foundation. At the same time, the thermal conductivity of this insulation is λ = 0.06 W / (m∙K). According to excellent thermal insulation properties, 20 cm is enough for a wall, but for a new house, in order for a wall of light material to gain weight, manufacturers recommend a thickness of 33 cm.
“Our small company has its own recipe and equipment. We buy Ukrainian hemp fire, now there are no problems with this - technical hemp is sown on hundreds of hectares in the Poltava, Kharkiv, Sumy regions. But it is more difficult to find hydrated lime of suitable quality in Ukraine, they offer 2 UAH / kg. The cost of production with a wall thickness of 20 cm is within 400 UAH / m2. I think next year with the development of production it will be cheaper, an affordable price now has a key role in success in our market. However, orders for our products are already coming from other countries,” says S. Kovalenkov.
The efforts of the young team have already been appreciated, its hemp-based insulation material received the first prize in the nomination "The best building envelope in the design of ecological individual construction" in the international architectural competition Kyiv Eco Home 2015. The company also participated in the national sustainable development competition "STALO" from Ekonomika Communication Hub, with the support of the United Nations Development Program in Ukraine, made it to the final TOP 30 companies in Ukraine and received a prize in the nomination "Best Business Solutions for Sustainable Development 2015".
Summing up, I would like to note the successes of Ukrainian scientists and manufacturers. A wonderful example, when such an ancient industrial culture as hemp, through the efforts of talented and caring professional people, brings our country to the level of trade in technologies and goods, and not in raw materials, should become the norm. Of course, good products, in a sense, advertise themselves. But the market is growing, developing, and it is important for Ukraine to use competitive advantages. And the state should turn its face to innovative domestic scientific developments and production, providing them with support and promotion.

The campaign to legalize medicinal marijuana at the federal level is gaining momentum. In June of this year, at a hearing in the lower house Judiciary Committee, Congressman Jared Polis literally left a living place on the Director of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Michelle Leonart:
Is crack worse than marijuana?
- I think all illegal drugs are bad.
Is methamphetamine more harmful to health than marijuana?
- All illegal drugs...
Is heroin more harmful than marijuana?
- Again... all the drugs...
- "Yes", "no" or "I don't know". If you don't know, then find out. You should know this as the head of the Drug Control Agency. I'm asking you a very clear question: is heroin more harmful to health than marijuana?
- All illegal drugs are bad.
- Does that mean you don't know?
- Heroin leads to drug addiction and other negative consequences...
- That is, there is more harm from heroin than from marijuana - is that what you want to say?
I think you're asking a subjective question...
- No, objective. You just need to check the scientific data. This is your speciality. I'm just an amateur, but I read some research and I'm in the know. I'm just asking you as an expert in this field: is heroin more harmful to health than marijuana?
- And I answer as a police officer and an employee of the Drug Control Agency that these drugs are prohibited by law, because they are dangerous, because they cause drug addiction, because they are harmful to human health.
In November 2012, in the states of Colorado and Washington, the proposal to legalize marijuana was supported in referendums.

And you know that...

There has not been a single death from a marijuana overdose in the world. It is not surprising: the lethal dose should be 40,000 times higher than usual. And even if someone very stubborn sets himself the goal of dying from cannabinoid poisoning (psychoactive substances found in marijuana), he will not succeed, because. at about eight hundred "jambs" he will die from carbon monoxide poisoning.

And laughter and sin...

- Son, a bird sang to me that you smoke. This is true?
- Mom, it's in the course of you smoking, since the birds are already talking to you!

Poems about hemp...

Tatyana, Russian soul,
Without knowing why
Loved vodka with marijuana
And the one-eyed Kuzma! Drug in baby soap? Ingredients in regular baby soap can give a false positive for marijuana in urine. Because of this, several sleepless nights were spent in the North Carolina maternity hospital in search of the reasons for the presence of marijuana in the urine of babies. Easter Island. The use of marijuana is not limited to its use as a drug or drug, hemp fibers can also be made into ropes or cloth. Scientists suggest that the iconic stones on Easter Island could be moved using hemp ropes. Marijuana relieves physical pain and neurological disorders. Today, cannabis is increasingly being used to relieve physical discomfort and pain associated with certain chronic conditions such as cancer, Parkinson's disease, Crohn's disease, arthritis, various types of sclerosis, and various muscle spasms.
Relief comes from the same relaxing effect of marijuana. What can we say about a simple headache or menstrual pain, which cannabis relieves in a jiffy.
If you feel constant physical tension and can not relax in any way, your solution may be a tightly packed straw or a bong with cool water after work. Smoking weed speeds up the aging process. Studies have shown that 2.3 million people have smoked weed in the last year and more than half of them are young people between the ages of 16 and 29. Unfortunately, those who frequently indulge in weed experience irreparable damage to brain cells, leading to mental illness, nervous system disorders, and psychosis.

Myths and facts about cannabis

Myth: Scientifically proven that marijuana is harmful
Fact: Quote: "Smoking cannabis, even long-term, is not harmful to health." This quote is from the British medical scientific journal The Lancet (founded 1823). However, there is no scientific evidence that infrequent use of cannabis is harmful to human health.

Collectible souvenirs

do not contain prohibited or restricted substances and are not withdrawn from civil circulation in the Russian Federation. Sale, purchase, shipment and storage of hemp seeds are legal in the Russian Federation and many other countries. Cannabis seeds are of exceptional collection value and are a souvenir. In the event that you decide to germinate and grow plants from marijuana seeds for the purpose of obtaining marijuana, your actions are prosecuted and criminally liable under the current legislation of your country.

Disclaimer

The site site (hereinafter referred to as the Site) in no way promotes the use of marijuana. All news posted on the Site are taken from the leading media, including news agencies, print and online publications, radio and television channels. Information materials of any types and forms of presentation, including texts, images, photographs, audio and video materials posted on the Site contain a link to the source and belong to their owners. All messages published on the Site are reprints of materials previously published by other media and are considered duplicates. All materials published on the Site do not violate the current Russian legislation and do not contain information the distribution of which is prohibited in the Russian Federation.
According to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 30, 1998 No. 681 and the attached list of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, the circulation of which in the Russian Federation is prohibited in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and international treaties of the Russian Federation, hemp seeds are not a narcotic drug and do not contain narcotic substances, which means , the acquisition and storage of hemp seeds does not entail administrative and criminal liability. The resource administration is not responsible for the comments left by users. The site is intended for persons over 18 years of age. We do not sell or buy anything, and we do not advise on any issues.

There is nothing transcendental in the production of hemp building blocks, since similar technologies have been used all over the world.

Hemp building block has become a massive building material in Europe. In our country, it is known as hemp concrete, but it is practically not used for two reasons, it has become impossible to grow industrial hemp due to existing laws on drug-containing plants.

And the second reason is the high cost of delivery of hemp concrete from another country, thanks to this, an alternative has appeared in our country - an arbalite block. But this does not mean that all roads are closed to those wishing to build a house from hemp fires. The bonfire is sold packaged in packages of 20-30 kg, and if you set a goal, you can purchase it. I have seen similar offers on Avito, and then, with a strong desire, you can independently produce blocks for your future home.

How is hemp concrete made?

There is nothing transcendental in the production of hemp building blocks, since similar technologies have been used all over the world. Sawdust fires are added to the mass with cement and sand, where these three elements are bound together through mixing. (to mineralize the fire and accelerate the hardening of the mixture, calcium chloride, alumina sulphate together with fluffy lime or other additives are introduced.)

But this is a long-familiar production of hemp blocks, which differ little from arbolite or expanded clay, except in fillers, and the binders, sand and cement, remain the same.

To prepare 1 m³ of hemp concrete, you need:

• 135 kg of cement grade not lower than 400,
• 60 kg of linen or hemp fires,
• 500 kg of sand
• 250 liters of water.

But just recently, an alternative to hemp concrete has appeared - “clay block with a fire”. It turned out to be even easier to make a clay block, it is enough to dry mix 4 buckets of hemp bonfires and 1/2 bucket of dry clay. After a good kneading, water is gradually added using a construction mixer. The resulting mixture was more malleable for filling molds for building blocks.

The advantage of hemp concrete:

• volumetric weight of hemp concrete is from 400 to 700 kg/m³.
• Low thermal conductivity R=4.2 for a wall thickness of 300 mm.
• low sound conductivity
• does not rot
• repels rodents and insects
• environmentally friendly (non-toxic)
• service life 100 years
• mold won't start
• durable and weather resistant

Why hemp?

• A hemp crop produces almost 4 (four) times more raw fiber than a plantation of trees of equivalent size.
• Trees take approximately 20 years to mature... Cannabis takes 14 weeks to mature.
• Hemp does not need pesticides because the insects avoid it.
• Hemp doesn't need herbicides because it grows too fast to kill weeds.
• Hemp can grow in almost any climate and on any soil. Hemp crops rejuvenate poor soils.

Who is the main producer of hemp concrete: Ukraine, France, Australia, Ireland, Germany.published

The production of wood concrete, as well as other building materials, must be carried out in full compliance with special documents - the requirements of GOST (in a particular case, 19222-84).

They indicate the proportions and composition of the mixture from which the blocks are made, as well as a lot of other information: from labeling to storage conditions. But getting acquainted with such documentation is a rather complicated process, so this article was created. It is written in simple language and will help you figure out which wood concrete fully complies with GOST.

Marking and classification of wood concrete according to GOST

Depending on the density of the structure, the blocks can be of the following grades: 5, 10, 15, 25, 35, 50. Therefore, the strength level implies the use for a well-defined purpose:

• Surface finishes;
• External profile;
• thermal insulation;
• Reinforcement.

According to the density level, the material is divided into:

1. Thermal insulation. Grades: from 5 to 15. Density: up to 500 kg/m3.
2. Structural. Grades: from 25 to 50. Density: from 500 kg/m3 to 850.

According to the requirements, arbolite blocks cannot be used for the construction of parts of the structure that will be exposed to moisture: basement walls, cornices, basement floors, foundations. They are suitable for use in dry air environments. If the percentage of humidity in it exceeds 60%, then protection is required by laying waterproofing material.

What should be the composition of wood concrete blocks?

Having studied the requirements of GOST, it becomes clear that for the correct manufacture of the material, its composition should include the following components:

• Portland cement and other binders (eg gypsum). As a mineralizer in the manufacture of blocks from wood concrete, according to the GOST regulatory documentation, the composition of the material should include a mineralizer (Portland cement), the grade of which is not lower than 400. To calculate the amount of cement in a particular situation, use the formula: the amount of cement per 1 m3 = cement grade values ​​X coefficient 17 For example, if you need to make blocks M25, then you need 425 kg of cement (17x25).
• Org. filler (wood). Most often, crushed/chips mixed with wood shavings are used as such a component. Their proportions, so that the composition is in accordance with GOST, are 1: 1 or 1: 2. It is recommended to use wood waste from coniferous species, aspen, birch, poplar. Also, wood can be replaced with flax or hemp (bonfire and stems, respectively).
• Chemical additives (CD). Adding such a component to the composition is a prerequisite. Without it, blocks made of wood cannot be used for construction purposes. Only chemicals can achieve the proper performance of the material. It is allowed to use the following chemical agents in the production of wood concrete blocks: aluminum sulfate, calcium chloride, liquid glass, slaked lime. The most effective of them are the first and second options.

Only when high-quality and correct components are added to the composition, the arbolite blocks will exactly comply with GOST, which will allow you to be completely confident in the performance of the structure.

The correct proportions of the solution are the key to high quality wood concrete

To more accurately determine the proportions, you need to know all the characteristics of the materials used. For this, special studies are carried out, which makes the industrial production of wood concrete a guarantee of high quality.

Additional GOST requirements

According to this regulatory document, blocks must:

• Comply with the design weight of products during shipment;
• Be named according to the filler used (document 25192-82 is used to determine);
• To have in a completely dried state the thermal conductivity indicators indicated in a special table;
• To be carried out in a specific construction zone, it is selected with an optimal frost resistance indicator for the construction of a structure that can fully comply with design standards.

Material made at home must meet at least the basic requirements of regulatory documentation. Handmade production will always lose to industrial production, but subject to a responsible approach to this process, it is possible to make sufficiently strong building elements that can ensure the durability of the structure being erected.

Wood concrete blocks, which are decided to be purchased from the manufacturer, must be checked for compliance with existing standards. To do this, you should request certification documents from the seller. Please note that not all companies are completely honest with their customers, so you should not rely solely on trust.

Wood concrete is a lightweight concrete made on the basis of organic aggregates, the volume of which reaches 80-90%, special additives, cement binder. The material is often mistaken for sawdust concrete, since in practice the difference between them is leveled, due to which there is a bias in terminology, which is not true.

The main components are aggregates, mineral binders, chemical additives, water.

Astringent:

• portland cement M400/M500 and above - sets the strength of the finished product for structural wood concrete, not lower than M300 - for heat-insulating;
• alternatively, sulfate-resistant Portland cement or cement with mineral additives can be used;
• the consumption of the binder depends on its brand, the required brand of wood concrete, the characteristics of the aggregate and other factors;
• the estimated consumption is determined by a simple ratio - the brand of lightweight concrete that you want to get is multiplied by a coefficient taken as 17.0;
• for example, for material M16, the approximate consumption of Portland cement per 1 m³ will be 16 * 17 \u003d 272 kg.

The standard allows the use of wood of other species, but in compliance with all requirements

Placeholders

The following are used as organic additives:

• woodworking waste (fir, pine, spruce, poplar, birch, beech, aspen);
• bonfire, hemp/linen - the main waste from the processing of raw materials;
• cotton stalks, rice straw.

Wood material is considered the most popular, for example, sawdust with chips (1:2, 1:1), crushed wood, chips, shavings, sawdust with chips and chips (1:1:1). Similar proportions are taken by volume (the composition of wood concrete is calculated, the proportions in buckets). For example, 1:2 is one bucket of sawdust and two buckets of shavings. Sawdust can be replaced with hemp stalks or flax stalks.

Filler requirements:

• particle size should not be too large (40x10x5 mm in length, width, thickness, respectively);
• particles that are too small will require more cement;
• in crushed raw materials, the concentration of bark impurities should not exceed 10%, leaves and needles - 5%;

The main disadvantage of the material is chemical activity. When implementing the batch, the use of freshly cut wood of all species and larch is prohibited.

Flax bonfire:

• acts as a full-fledged placeholder;
• particle length - no more than 40.0 mm;
• in the dry mass of the aggregate, there should not be a high content of tow and tow (no more than 5%);
• the presence of sugars in the composition requires the mandatory introduction of chemical additives;
• to improve the quality of lightweight concrete, the fire is treated with lime milk (for 200.0 kg of fire / 50.0 kg of lime);
• after processing, the material is aged for 1-2 days and is introduced into the batch;
• the use of this technology reduces the consumption of Portland cement by 50-100 kg per 1 m³ of concrete;
• the material can be used in the form in which it is at the factory.

The suitability of an aggregate is determined in a practical way, when the finished block reaches the average density and design strength values ​​using this substance.

Do-it-yourself arbolite turns out to be of high quality if the aggregate has an elongated needle shape, the average parameters of the particles, which are as follows:

• thickness - 2.0-5.0 mm;
• width is the same;
• length - 15.0-25.0 mm.

The composition of plant organic waste contains many substances that are soluble in water. For cement, sugars are the most harmful. To avoid negative impact, it is customary to keep the raw materials in the open air (more than three months) or soak in milk of lime for 3-4 days with stirring once a day (150-200 ml of water / 1 m³ of aggregate / 2.20 kg of lime).

Raw materials should not contain signs of rot and mold, foreign particles, and in winter - impurities of snow and ice.

Chemical additives

Similar components determine the technological properties of finished modules (GOST wood concrete):

• hardening acceleration;
• porosity regulation;
• corrosion inhibitors;
• high insecticidal and bactericidal properties.

Additives are recommended to be used in any case, regardless of the climatic conditions of construction. They allow the use of filler without prior exposure, which improves the quality of products.

Chemical additives:

• liquid glass;
• calcium chloride;
• slaked lime;
• aluminum sulfate.

Aluminum sulphate, calcium chloride are considered optimal additives. With the use of aluminum, you can increase the strength of wood concrete. This is due to the fact that it reacts with sugars and successfully neutralizes them, turning them into a harmless state.

During the manufacturing process the total amount of chemical additives does not exceed 2-4%, if you calculate from the mass of Portland cement or it is -12 kg / m³ wood concrete. Additives can be used in combination or separately.

The water used to prepare wood concrete with your own hands must comply with the standard GOST 23732 79

Effective combinations of liquid glass and slaked lime 1:1, aluminum and calcium 1:1. Before work, the substances are preliminarily dissolved in water and introduced into the working mixture. The required amount of additives depends on what the grade strength of concrete should be.

For example, for wood concrete brand M30, their number is as follows:

• CaCl2 (calcium chloride) and AlCl3 (aluminum chloride) 1:1, 4% by weight of cement;
• CaCl2 and aluminum sulfate - the same;
• AlCl3 and sodium sulfate 1:1, 2% by weight of Portland cement;
• AlCl3 and Na2SO4, 1:1, but in 4%.

For the implementation of wood concrete grade M35, calcium chloride (2% by weight of cement) is introduced into the working mixture, which has a positive effect on the strength of the finished module. A good result was shown by the use of soluble glass. An aqueous solution of sodium silicate (or calcium) in an amount equal to 8-10 kg is introduced per 1 m³ of lightweight concrete.

Arbolite - batch proportions

In the manufacture of wood concrete, the proportions of the batch and the composition must be clearly observed.

The need for materials necessary to obtain 1m³ of blocks is considered in the table data:

Proportions of monolithic wood concrete

The composition of wood concrete, proportions, chemical additives are presented in tabular data:

Wood concrete, composition, proportions according to GOST per 1m³
Class	Purpose	Crushed wood, kg	Cement, kg	Calcium chloride, kg	Water, l
B0.75	Insulation of external walls	180.0-190.0	280.0-300.0	8.00	330.0-360.0
v1.0	Exterior walls of one-story houses with attics, slopes, belts, effective insulation	200.0-210.0	300.0-330.0	8.0	360.0-390.0
v1.5	Garages, outbuildings, insulation	220.0-230.0	330.0-360.0	8.0	390.0-430.0
Q2.5	External walls of mansions, cottages, dachas, summer houses, estates, insulation	240.0-250.0	360.0-400.0	8.0	430.0-480.0

Proportionately, it is customary to knead 1 part aggregate, 1 part binder, 1.5 parts water with dissolved additives.

Practical experience

If the master intends to make arbolite blocks on his own, he must understand that the establishment of the optimal consumption of cement is carried out experimentally. It is recommended to make three types of samples with different flow rates.

The first - with a standard binder content, the second and third - respectively, 15.0% less and more than the accepted one, with a correction of water consumption by 5.0% in both directions. The content of the placeholder remains unchanged.

Wood concrete, composition, video proportions - approximate calculation

Suppose it is necessary to make a structural and heat-insulating block B1.50, with a density of 650 kg / m³.

Available materials:

• filler - crushed softwood (the composition corresponds to the standard), the average density in the dry state is 120 kg / m³, moisture by weight is 50%;
• binder - M400 Portland cement.

Sequencing:

• Portland cement consumption - 330 kg / m³;
• crushed stone consumption - 220 kg / m³ - taking into account humidity, the consumption can increase up to 330 kg / m³;
• liquid consumption - 390 l;
• chemical additive - 8 kg / m³, 10% concentration. The finished solution (at a density of 1.084) contains salt 0.108 kg/l. For introduction into the mixture, 8 / 0.108 \u003d 74.07 liters will be required - this amount of salt solution contains 72.3 liters of water (1.084 * 74.07-8).

We adjust the water flow:

• taking into account the solution of the chemical additive, the water contained in the crushed stone, the volume is calculated as follows: 390.0 - 72.3 \u003d 217.7 liters.

• cement \u003d 380 * 15 / 1000 \u003d 5.7 kg;
• crushed stone \u003d 220 * 15 / 1000 \u003d 3.3 kg;
• water \u003d 390 * 15 / 1000 \u003d 5.85 l;
• chemical additive = 8*15/1000 = 0.12 kg.

The rigidity of arbolite concrete is controlled by a technical viscometer. The optimal indicator should correspond to 60 seconds

All trial batches are implemented in a similar way.

Price

Wood concrete, the price of which ranges from 3.8-4.0 t.r / m³, is an affordable building material. If desired, you can purchase blocks by the piece. The average cost of one module 30x25x50 cm is 150 rubles, 20x25x50 cm - 80 rubles.

The composition of wood concrete, proportions in liters, buckets, kilograms must be calculated directly at the construction site.

How arbolite is made, its composition of the proportion is shown in the video:

IN composition of wood concrete and wood concrete blocks includes the following components: mineral binders, aggregates, chemical additives and water.

Mineral binders of wood concrete

In order to maintain the specified strength of the wood concrete block, it is recommended to use Portland cement grades 400, 500 or higher. The consumption of cement for various structures and products from wood concrete in each case depends on the brand of cement, the brand of wood concrete, the type of aggregate, its characteristics, etc. The approximate consumption of cement is recommended to be determined as follows: the required brand of wood concrete is multiplied by a factor of 17, for example, for wood concrete grade 15, the estimated consumption of cement per 1 m³ of wood concrete will be 15 x 17 = 255 kg.

Wood concrete aggregates

Woodworking waste, mainly coniferous (spruce, pine, fir) and hardwood (birch, aspen, beech, poplar) species, and flax processing waste - flax fire are used as organic aggregates for the preparation of the arbolite mixture.

The most common is wood filler: wood chips, sawdust with chips (ratio 1:1 or 1:2), shavings, chips, sawdust with chips and chips (ratio 1:1:1). Proportions are given by volume, for example, a composition of 1: 2 is obtained from one bucket of sawdust and two buckets of chips. Sawdust can be replaced with flax bonfire and hemp stalks. The following requirements are imposed on the wood filler. It is not recommended to use large wood particles, since after wetting the product, the latter increases in volume so much that this leads to its destruction. Fine particles of wood aggregate will require more grout. The main disadvantage of wood filler is its chemical activity.

The use of larch and freshly cut wood of trees of all species in wood concrete mixtures is prohibited.

Bonfire flax for wood concrete is a full-fledged aggregate. The presence of sugars in flax requires the mandatory use of chemical additives. To improve the quality of wood concrete, it is advisable to pre-treat the fire with lime milk (50 kg of lime per 200 kg of fire). After processing, it is kept for one or two days in a heap, and only after that it is used for the production of wood concrete blocks. This technology allows to reduce the consumption of cement by 50 - 100 kg per 1 m³ of wood concrete.

Flax bonfire is used in the form in which it happens at flax mills. Cannabis stalks must first be crushed. Experience shows that arbolite is obtained better when the filler has an acicular, elongated shape, on average with the following particle sizes: length 15 - 25 mm, width and thickness 2 - 5 mm.

The composition of all organic waste of plant origin contains a lot of water-soluble substances, of which sugars are the most harmful to cement. To eliminate sugars, wood raw materials are kept for three or more months in the open air or the organic aggregate is treated with lime mortar at the rate of 2.2 kg of lime per cubic meter of aggregate and 150 - 200 liters of water. Keep the contents for 3-4 days, mixing once or twice a day.

The main criterion for the suitability of an organic aggregate for the preparation of mixtures is the achievement by wood concrete on a given aggregate of the design values ​​of strength and average density.

Chemical additives of wood concrete

Technological properties of wood concrete blocks, first of all, depend on chemical additives. They must be used in all cases, regardless of the climatic region in which a house is being built from wood concrete. Chemical additives allow any filler to be used practically without prior exposure, because thanks to them, the existing sugars are neutralized and the quality of the product is improved.

Chemical additives can be: calcium chloride, soluble glass, slaked lime, aluminum sulphate. The best additives are calcium chloride and aluminum sulfate. The increase in the strength of wood concrete with the introduction of aluminum sulfate is explained by the fact that, when combined with sugars, it transfers them to a harmless state.

In the manufacture of wood concrete, the total amount of additives reaches 2 - 4% by weight of cement or 6 - 12 kg per 1 m³ of wood concrete. Chemical additives can be used both separately and in combinations: calcium chloride and aluminum sulfate (1:1), soluble glass and slaked lime (1:1). Before use, chemical additives are pre-dissolved in water and then poured into the wood concrete mixture.

The amount of additives depends on the brand of wood concrete. So, for wood concrete grade 30, the number of additives is as follows:

Calcium chloride and aluminum sulphate (in a ratio of 1:1 in an amount of 4% by weight of cement);

Calcium chloride and sodium sulfate (1:1 in the amount of 4% by weight of cement);

Aluminum chloride and sodium sulfate (1:1 in an amount of 2% by weight of cement);

Calcium chloride and aluminum chloride (1:1 in an amount of 4% by weight of cement).

To obtain wood concrete grade 35, it is necessary to add calcium chloride in an amount of 2% by weight of cement, which increases the strength of wood concrete blocks. Good results are obtained by the use of liquid glass: an aqueous solution of sodium or calcium silicate 8 - 10 kg per 1 m³ of wood concrete. When solid, it looks like glass. Dissolve it in hot water.

You watched: Composition of wood concrete and wood concrete blocks