Laying a pipeline for water supply is a task no less significant than choosing and connecting pumping equipment, arranging a water source. Incorrectly conducted plumbing in a private house can lead to pressure surges, disruption of the system.

To avoid problems, you need to carefully study all the subtleties of the work. We will help you by providing complete information to study the specifics of the system design and assembly rules. The information proposed for consideration is based on regulatory requirements.

The detailed description of the schemes, options and nuances of the wiring of the water supply circuit that we have presented for review is supplemented with visual illustrations and video materials.

Plumbing can be carried out in two ways - with serial and parallel connection. depends on the number of residents, periodic or permanent stay in the house or on the intensity of use of tap water.

There is also a mixed type of wiring, in which the faucets are connected to the plumbing system through a manifold, and the rest of the plumbing points and household appliances are connected using the serial connection method.

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Not all private households have running water. Sometimes there is no centralized water supply even along the street. So residents in such settlements use either common wells, or wells located in their yard. But we live in a time when running water and sewerage in the house is not a luxury, but a necessity. Thanks to the plumbing in the house, you no longer need to waste time getting water. It can be used for other equally important activities.

Therefore, in this article we will talk about how to conduct water to a private house and correctly dilute the water supply through it. Let's go through these questions step by step.

Action plan

1. Determine the source of water intake (from where it will be necessary to supply water: a well, a well, a centralized water supply)
2. Determine from what material the water supply will be entered into a private house and the distribution of water supply inside the house
3. Determine the places of water consumers (washing machine, bathroom, toilet, and so on)
4. Draw a diagram of the future conduit
5. Determine your financial resources (it depends on who will do the work and what material the water supply will be wired from).

These actions will be enough to bring water into the house without complicating this process.

Source of water intake

The source of water can be centralized plumbing, well, well, lake or river. You can use several sources, for example, a well and a centralized water supply. But now we will discuss only the first three.

Centralized water supply

In order to introduce water into the house from a centralized water supply, it is first necessary to coordinate the tie-in issues with the authorities that are responsible for this water supply. Then we connect using a clamp of the appropriate diameter.

At the connection point, it is better to make a manhole. So it will be possible to inspect and revise the connection point. We mount in a clamp shut-off emergency valve, preferably with a collapsible connection, so that it can be easily replaced in case of failure. Well, then we lay the pipe and connect it to the emergency tap.

If the source of water is a well or well

In both cases, pumping equipment is needed. If the depth of the well is small, then a pumping station can be used. And if the depth exceeds the technical characteristics of pumping stations, then, as for a well, it is better to use submersible pumps.

The pumping station is usually equipped with an electric motor with a pump fixed to it, a hydraulic accumulator (aka a receiver), a pressure gauge, mechanical automatic switching on of the electric pump.

For submersible pumps, the accumulator, automation and pressure gauge must be installed independently.

Which material to choose for input

Exists multiple pipe options for the organization of water supply in the house, but it is the polypropylene pipe that has proven itself well. The service life is designed for fifty years, it does not oxidize, withstands pressure loads, and is easy to install.

In terms of technical characteristics, such a pipe is inferior only to a copper pipe, but the price smooths out this drawback.

It is important to pay attention to the diameter of the injection pipe. It depends on how comfortable you will be when using your water supply system.

For input it is better to use a pipe diameter 32 mm. It is slightly more expensive than a 25 mm pipe, but it will have a good margin of throughput, and this will play an important role in the future when there is a need to add consumption points. Also, it is better to mount a pipe that can withstand a pressure of 10 atmospheres.

How to make water input

First you need to determine the place where you will lead the pipe into the house. Then you dig a trench from the house to the place of the water source. The depth of the trench directly depends on the area in which you live. The more the soil freezes during winter frosts, the deeper the trench should be. Sometimes, to make the depth of the trench smaller, the pipe is insulated. Each layer of such insulation reduces the depth of the trench by 20 centimeters.

How to connect to the central water supply was described above. Well, how to conduct water to the house from the well? A pumping station, even the most powerful one, cannot always be enough. It all depends on the distance of the well from the house. So close to him make a caisson and a pumping station is installed in it.

A suction pipe is lowered into the well at the level of the trench. Then the pipe is laid horizontally to the caisson, and there it is connected to the pumping station. After laying the pipe to the house.

Unlike a well, water intake from a well does not require the manufacture of a caisson, since the well can be located both under housing construction and outside it. But in any case, the accumulator and everything else can be mounted either in the basement or near the water inlet. A water supply pipe from a well can be carried out in the same way as water is drawn from a well.

In all cases, a polypropylene pipe, before being covered with soil excavated from a trench, should be covered with a small layer of sand. This will prevent damage to the pipe when backfilled with soil.

At the beginning of work, you need to make a layout of your communications across the territory.

After we figured it out how to bring water into the house, let's talk about the possibilities of distributing water supply around the house.

Regardless of where your water is supplied from, either from a well or a well, or from a central water supply, there must be an emergency stopcock at the inlet. After it, a water meter is installed, if you are connected to a centralized water supply.

Then the input from the well or well is connected, if you have a combined water connection. This is followed by the release of cold water for irrigation or for household needs. Next, the filter block is mounted. What and how many of them will be determined depending on water quality.

After the filter block, a hydraulic accumulator and automatic switching on of the well pump are mounted. Here is such a primary circuit, mounted immediately after the introduction of water. Now it's time to choose one scheme from several options for wiring plumbing in a private house.

A private house, unlike an apartment, has a greater range of possibilities regarding the water supply inside it. Here you can apply a serial connection of water consumers. It is also called tee. Or you can use a collector connection scheme for consumers. Let's look at these two schemes.

Serial connection

This scheme includes serial connection of consumers. The washstand, shower, toilet, and everything in the kitchen is connected in series, one after the other. The advantage is that a small amount of pipe is needed. But there is also disadvantage of this system.

In the case of simultaneous use of consumers, the pressure drops at distant points of consumption. This is especially felt when the shower is running: it is very difficult to adjust the temperature of the water. This is the inconvenience of this scheme. Such a system is more suitable for a family with a small number of people.

Collector connection

This consumer connection scheme requires more pipes, which means that it increases the cost of the water supply project. The essence of this system lies in the fact that after the primary circuit, collectors for cold and hot water are mounted at the inlet, and pipes are already laid from them to each individual consumer.

Such a system allows you to simultaneously use water in different places of consumption: in the kitchen, in the shower, and so on. It follows from this that such a scheme is better for comfortable use and suitable for any family.

Sometimes, in order to reduce the cost of the project, but at the same time, to get maximum comfort, these two systems are combined. This works well too.

Pipe for internal water supply

There are several options: copper, polypropylene, metal-plastic and steel. Consider the main characteristics.

The pipe must be selected depending on your financial capabilities, as well as on the technical parameters of the circuits that you use at home. Especially important use quality materials in responsible places of distribution of water supply.

Tapping into the city water supply network on your own, without the participation and approval of city services, is prohibited: the main networks are pressurized.

To ensure the authorized connection of drinking water from the city water supply network, it is necessary to perform a number of actions, following a certain procedure and the requirements of the law on water supply and sanitation.

First of all, you should get a situational plan of the site with the application of all underground utilities. At the same time, the latest version is needed, which is available in the regional geodetic service - it is here that all surveys are handed over after the laying of the next section of underground networks. If the owner of a private house has such a plan, then it is important to make sure that it is suitable, and at the same time it is made on a scale of 1:500.

In addition to the situational plan, you will need to prepare:

• certificate of ownership of the site (or the right to use the land);
• application to the local water utility;
• technical conditions from the mountains. water utility.

The application is made in free form, with the following text:

« To connect a private house located at such and such an address to the city water supply network, I ask you to issue those. conditions».

Often, the water utility company issues ready-made application forms. You need to address your application to the head of the water utility, sign, date and list the attachments, these are copies of the situational plan and the title document for the land.

You will need to fill out a questionnaire - a standard document in which the user indicates how many tenants permanently reside, what dignity. those. appliances will be installed. This will help specialists determine the normative water intake for this residential building. Vodokanal specialists will register the application and explain when to come for ready technical services. conditions.

What does the federal law on water supply and sanitation say?

Those. conditions, in accordance with the federal law on water supply and sanitation, contain instructions:

• regarding the amount of permitted water withdrawal for a given water user;
• the number of the well from which you can connect to the highway;
• turnaround time.

Then, an application should be sent to the district SES with a request to issue an opinion on connection to the city water supply network. Obtaining an opinion from SES specialists is a signal that the first stage has been completed.

Drawing up project documentation

Designing the water supply of a residential building is a serious matter that people who are far from designing engineering networks should not undertake on their own. It is necessary to order a project to a specialized company that has the proper degree of accreditation, and most logically - to the project team of the same water utility. To the order, except for the situation, site plan and those. conditions, drawings of a residential building are also needed, and not only the plan of the first floor and basement, but also sections.

If you are far from designing engineering networks, order a project from a specialized company, and most logically, from the design team of a water utility.

The project consists of the following components:

• graphic part with an explanatory note;
• custom specification;
• estimates with a statement of resources.

If the owner of the mansion has a construction education, and the track is small, then it is quite possible to make a water supply project for a country house yourself:

• plan;
• longitudinal profile with detailing of the entry points into the building and adjoining to the existing well.

Particular attention should be paid to the technology of excavation, highlighting the nodes of intersections with existing underground utilities, providing for their protection from damage. It is also necessary to draw up a bill of quantities.

It is important to understand what the slope should be, from what materials and what diameters it is best to take pipes, what shutoff valves should be used. With independent design of water supply systems, there will be no estimate. Project documentation is sent to the water utility for approval.

The finished project should also be registered with the SES, where the conclusion was previously issued. Now you can order a topographic survey, that is, a drawing of the area with specification of the distances between buildings, trees, fences up to the existing water well, from which water intake is allowed. The shooting is carried out by surveyors at a scale of 1:500, with the application of underground networks. Using this survey and the project, it is possible to fix the axis of the future route on the surface of the earth, earthworks will be carried out along this line.

Laying and connection works

The next most important stage is excavation, for which the City Administration receives an application - a form in 2 copies. to obtain a permit, and in the utilities, whose networks pass through the site, an order should be issued. Further, for earthworks, you need to contact a specialized company that has not only all permits for its activities, but also all the mechanisms that will be used. Such a company has gained experience in exactly how to organize and carry out such work: it will be necessary to call in place representatives of those city services whose communications fall into the zone of laying the water supply route, as well as comply with the requirements of external water supply networks, labor protection and safety.

If the length of the route is from a dozen or two meters, and at the same time the site is densely dotted

• underground pipelines,
• electrical cables,
• communication wires,

it is possible that the use of earth-moving equipment will be impossible. In this case, the work is carried out manually, in the presence of representatives of the relevant city services.

The finished trench should have the geometric parameters indicated in the project, and the walls of the house and the well should be bare, cleared of the ground and prepared for insertion. A tie-in into an existing water supply system is entitled to be performed only by employees of the water utility:

• they turn off the water supply to this well;
• connect the new pipeline to the main one, according to the water supply scheme of a private house.

The company that installs the pipe installs all design taps, plugs, valves, revisions, and other valves, as well as metering devices.

A tie-in into an existing water supply system is entitled to be performed only by employees of the water utility.

Now the network is almost ready, but specialists from the water utility operation service must accept the facility, checking it for compliance with the requirements of 416 FZ on water supply and sanitation, as well as SNiP, only after signing the act it will be possible to backfill the trench. The owner can already call a representative of the subscriber department to seal the meters.

Issue price

The cost of the entire complex for external water supply depends on many factors, including the following:

• track length;
• pipe material;
• laying depth - the volume of excavation depends on it;
• local rates, etc.

The order of the numbers is:

• water supply project - 5 thousand rubles;
• getting those. conditions - 4-5 thousand rubles;
• approvals - 12 thousand rubles;
• the cost of pipes, water meter, components - 5-10 thousand rubles.
• tie-in with a fee for connecting to the network - 15 - 50 thousand rubles;
• excavator work - 5-10 thousand rubles;
• network laying (in the complex) - 1.7 - 2.6 thousand per 1 pm.

Tariffs for water supply by region vary greatly, and in addition to the cost of the tie-in itself, they also charge a tariff rate for the length of the water supply network. Depending on the climate zone, it will also be necessary to provide for thermal insulation measures, and this applies to both entering the house and exiting the well, and the pipeline itself with water supply equipment. Backfilling of trenches is usually done with sand (partially or completely), and this is another plus to the total amount.

The issue price can be from 80 to 120 thousand rubles.

Samples and cost of documents

In order for the local water supply network to be put into operation, it is necessary to prepare technical as-built documentation in accordance with the standards for water supply (external networks and structures). Such papers are prepared by engineering and technical staff of those companies that performed the work. Acts for hidden work - a special type of primary executive documents, certifying each operation, each layer, which, when performing the next technological construction work, will cease to be visible, that is, become hidden.

For acts of hidden work, there is a special form of forms where you need to enter the necessary information. The act of covert work on the excerpt of the trench should include information on how the excerpt was carried out - mechanized or manual, what soils the earth is represented by. It is necessary to indicate the parameters of the trench, if there are intersections, describe with which particular communications there was an intersection, what measures were taken to protect them.

The act of hidden work on sand filling gives an idea of ​​the thickness of the bedding layer, which is important: sand is a bed for the pipeline. It is also important to demand such acts for hidden work on sp water supply:

• pipeline laying;
• hydraulic testing of the pipeline;
• backfilling the pipe with sand;
• backfilling of trenches.

In addition to these documents, the contractors are required to provide the customer with:

• executive survey of the water supply system - a scheme of water supply and sanitation;
• certificate for the installation of a metering device - a water meter.

But that's not all: the SES service must flush the system and disinfect it, and then check the quality of the water by taking samples. Having issued a special act, the SES gives a signal to supply water to a private house. The presence of an act from the SES on washing and disinfection is a necessary attribute in the package of documents for supplying water to a private house.

The presence of an act from the SES on washing and disinfection is a necessary attribute in the package of documents for supplying water to a private house.

All these papers, upon completion of work, must be submitted to the city water supply metering service for technical examination for compliance with the project and all standards. After this procedure, a certificate of execution of those will be issued. conditions. To be able to supply water, it is necessary that the user's relationship with the water utility for the operation of the water supply system of a private house be formalized. In the office of the municipal enterprise for water there are standard contracts, the owner of the house with a passport and a full package of papers goes there and signs a prepared contract for those. supervision in 2 copies.

Conducting water to a private house, crashing into the central water supply - the procedure is not particularly complicated, but associated with the execution of a large number of all sorts of documents. In order for everything to be done quickly and in compliance with the requirements of the federal law on water supply and sanitation, a specialized company with considerable experience and all permits should be involved in the performance of work.

The video tells the main points about connecting to the water supply and sewerage:

The layout of the water supply in a private house is carried out in two ways - collector and serial connection schemes. It is possible to lay pipes in a hidden and open way.

How to design a plumbing scheme

In order for everything to work out correctly in the end, before installing the water supply system, it is necessary to carefully work out the scheme for laying it on the street and wiring in the cottage. If this project is done correctly, this will avoid many problems during installation work and subsequent operation of the assembled water supply system.

Private house water supply scheme

When developing such a water supply scheme, it is calculated:

• the number of water points in the house;
• the need and number of collectors;
• pump power and water heater capacity;
• pipe dimensions;
• valve characteristics.

Plus, the option of piping (collector or serial) and the location of all elements of the water supply system in a private house are selected. The same electrical wiring in an apartment or a ventilation system is easier to install at first glance. However, there are nuances here and there. And with the slightest mistake, in all cases there will be a lot of problems.

External (external) plumbing

There are three options, depending on the source of water intake.

• If the country water supply is connected to the central one. Why is the connection point determined, and then the pipe wiring goes underground to the house. The main requirement for this scheme is the straightness of the pipe laying in order to reduce the cost of its purchase, the second is the insulation of the wiring by laying the pipes in insulating cylinders made of foam-type polymer materials. Although you can use any other heaters.
• Well. The easiest way to organize the water supply of a private house. A well up to 10 m deep is dug manually, its trunk is formed, where the pump is lowered. And already a pipe is stretched from it to the house, this is done in the same way as in the case of connecting to the central village water supply.
• Well. Everything is the same as with the well. True, it should be noted that water from a well is a liquid of high quality and purity, and in the required volumes. One well can provide water even to several private houses.

Plumbing from a well or well

Attention! The central water supply does not always provide water at home with the necessary pressure. But it will always work, even if there is a power outage in the village. Unfortunately, the pumps immediately turn off. True, this problem can be solved by installing a storage tank or a hydraulic accumulator in the pipe distribution of the water supply of a private house.

There are several interesting points that relate to the possibility of avoiding high costs by equipping external plumbing. Firstly, both a well and a well can be built inside the house. This will have to be done before the construction of the building begins. Thus, the external water supply goes into the category of internal. So, there is an opportunity to save a lot on piping along the street.

The second concerns the well. It is possible to install a caisson on top of its trunk, in which the pump, and the hydraulic accumulator, and the automation unit, and part of the filter elements, and several valves or valves will fit. That is, the external part of the water network can be difficult in terms of increasing the equipment installed in it.

Caisson for a well

Internal plumbing

The complexity of distributing water around the house is related to the number of consumers (faucets and faucets) and their location. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to develop a scheme. This is the most important stage in the process of installation work, which should not be neglected. There is nothing difficult in drawing up a diagram. You just need to arm yourself with a tape measure and measure the distances from consumers to the connection points of each device.

Transfer all this to paper, taking into account the dimensions and configuration of the pipe laying. The diagram will show exactly how many pipes and fittings will need to be used in the installation process, where there will be a deviation from straight wiring, where passages through the bearing and non-bearing elements of the building will be installed. And the more rooms are involved in the plumbing system, the more complex the scheme will be.

One of the plumbing schemes

Attention! In the wiring diagram, all elements of the water supply must be taken into account: manifolds, pumps, filters, tanks and valves. It necessarily indicates the distances between elements and changes in the network configuration.

Step-by-step work algorithm

How to make water distribution in apartments? To replace the old water supply in the apartment, you can turn to a professional and you do not have to choose the material, the wiring diagram and install the system, however, such services are quite expensive. In turn, the organization of water distribution in an apartment with your own hands requires careful observance of building codes and regulations. This event is divided into several main stages:

• choice of material. Many people are interested in one question: which pipes to choose for plumbing? Pipes can be made of metal, metal-plastic or plastic. Each material has its own characteristics, which must be carefully studied in order not to encounter unexpected problems in the future. Which material is better suited for the installation of water supply: polypropylene or metal-plastic? For self-distribution of water supply, metal-plastic pipes are most suitable. Mounting metal-plastic communication is quite simple, so even a beginner can do such work. In any case, polypropylene or metal-plastic are the best suited for water pipes;
• choice of water distribution scheme in the apartment. The scheme of installation of water communication is determined depending on the type of multi-storey building. To date, the most popular are two schemes: serial and parallel. A sequential wiring diagram is used if the water pressure in the apartment is always stable, however, this is extremely rare. Therefore, most often for the installation of a water supply structure, the second option is used, namely: parallel or collector wiring of water supply and sewerage.

The collector wiring system is a modern and more practical option, in such a water supply system the pressure will be stable

Note! The main advantage of the collector water distribution in the apartment is the ability to control the pressure of the working fluid in individual sources of water intake.

Calculation of fittings and other auxiliary elements, as well as the indicator of the pipeline section. It is recommended to install shut-off valves before each source of water intake. It is important to remember that the pipe cross-sectional index must be less than that of the connecting elements.

The fourth paragraph of the scheme includes a list of tools necessary for wiring.

Dismantling of the old communication and laying a new one. During the dismantling of the old structure, it is very important to take care of observing the cross-sectional indicator of all outlets and pipes, otherwise you will have to use special adapters.

As a rule, in standard apartments, rooms where plumbing structures are located have a limited area. In this regard, it is recommended to give preference to the most compact option for laying water supply. As mentioned above, pipes made of different materials can be used for plumbing in an apartment.

Piping layout: manifold or serial

Regardless of which source of water supply has been chosen, the optimal piping scheme for the facility is selected: serial or collector piping of the water supply system. When designing a network, you need to pay attention to the following factors:

• the number of people living in the house;
• the frequency of being in the house;
• intensity of water use.

Tee (or serial) piping from a heater, main or riser passes by connecting plumbing equipment one after another. Thus, the installation of the system takes a minimum amount of materials and time, however, this connection method has two significant drawbacks:

1. Uneven pressure in the system when used by several users at the same time. That is, for example, when you turn on the water in the bathroom or in the kitchen, the normal water pressure will be only in the tap located closer to the source.
2. To repair a separate element of the system, it is necessary to completely turn off the water supply of the building.

An example of a series connection of pipes.

With a collector (or parallel) connection, the pipes to the intake points are brought directly from the distribution manifold (individual distributors are provided for hot and cold water). Collector wiring allows all users to constantly receive a stable water pressure, regardless of the number of plumbing fixtures turned on at the same time. The main disadvantage of this method is a large number of pipes, which are difficult and expensive to hide.

Collector wiring of pipelines on the floor.

In recent years, combined distribution of water pipes has become increasingly popular, in which short lines are mounted in series, and later assembled into a collector. This method is a budget alternative to parallel pipe connection. Indeed, with it, the material for installation takes much less, and in the event of a breakdown, it is enough to turn off the water supply of only one short branch.

Laying methods - hidden and open system

Pipes in the water supply system can be laid in a closed and open way. The choice of one of the methods does not affect either the quality of the connections or the functionality of the entire system and depends only on personal preferences.

It would seem that it is not difficult to decide and the closed method is preferable as more aesthetic and allows you to save up to 10 cm of usable space. Why is an open pipeline still used in the installation of a water supply system? Let's try to give an answer.

Hidden wiring allows you to hide pipes and not spoil the aesthetic perception of the interior of a house or apartment. The hidden method is used when assembling a water pipe from PP pipes. They hide the contour behind a decorative wall, for example, made of drywall, or ditch the walls and lead the pipes into the formed niches, sealing them with facing material or plaster along the grid.

The pipeline should not be tightly adjacent to the surfaces - always leave a small gap for possible repairs. When installing a pipeline in a monolith, it is recommended to place them in a casing, inserting a pipe into a pipe.

The disadvantage of the method manifests itself when it becomes necessary to repair or replace the hidden elements of the system - the plaster or tiling has to be opened and then re-decorated.

In addition, in the event of damage and leaks, the problem may not be detected immediately and lead first to the loss of operational technical characteristics of structures, then to flooding of the premises.

It is better to proceed with the installation of the water supply system with a pre-drawn scheme - otherwise, errors in calculations or assembly will lead to the fact that you have to cut new grooves and re-mount the pipes.

To avoid such difficulties, when installing the wiring, only whole sections of the pipe are hidden, placing the docking fittings in open areas. In places of installation of shutoff valves, invisible doors are made. This gives access for maintenance to pipe connections, which are the weakest links in the system.

It should also be noted that not all pipes from all materials can be hidden under a layer of plaster - only products made of polypropylene, metal-plastic or copper are suitable for this.

Pipe laying in an open way is carried out after finishing is completed. The method involves the uncovered laying of pipes and water supply elements. It looks ugly, reduces the usable area of ​​the room, but at the same time this method is very convenient for maintenance, repair and dismantling of elements.

Redevelopment and rearrangement of plumbing in the house with such a plumbing device will also not cause difficulties.

Open wiring makes it possible to quickly detect a leak and eliminate the cause of breakage or damage to system elements

The main nodes of the scheme

The water distribution scheme in a private house, or rather, that part of it that is responsible for supplying water to the house, consists of the following main components:

• pumping unit for a well or well,
• nipple (adapter),
• anti-backflow check valve,
• pipeline,
• filtration equipment (one or more different filters depending on water quality),
• stop valve,
• accumulator,
• pyaternik (fitting) for connecting the main elements and devices (pressure gauge, pressure switch, pipes).

Elements of the water supply system of a country house with a well

Pipe selection

Modern plastic pipes are mainly used due to their reliability, ease and ease of installation. Metal-plastic and metal have practically fallen into disuse due to high cost and less practicality.

Distribution of water pipes in the house

The installation of metal-plastic requires bending and crimping equipment and serious practical experience. When installing metal pipes, welding is required.

With the help of plastic pipes with minimal crimping equipment, everyone can create a water supply system with their own hands.

If hot water supply is also planned in the house, pipes with thermal protection are needed.

Reinforced with fiberglass or aluminum, polypropylene pipes will do the job perfectly.

What else is plastic good for? After welding (a machine for welding polypropylene pipes can be purchased or rented) and pressure tested, plastic joints do not need to be checked and corrected. Pipes can be hidden in the finish. Do not forget about temperature fluctuations and create S-shaped bends in dangerous places to avoid bursting pipes.

Internal wiring of copper pipes

But if the high price does not scare you, and you are ready to pay for professional installation, choose copper pipes.

Diameter and capacity of the water pipe

• 25 mm 30 liters/min.
• 32 mm 50 liters/min.
• 38 mm 75 liters/min.

In order for the system to work flawlessly, it is important to know how to properly install plumbing in a private house with your own hands. This concept can include both the basic principles regulated by building codes and regulations, as well as some of the nuances and subtleties known to experienced craftsmen.

• Ideally, the pipeline should not pass through building structures, however, in practice, the creation of such a scheme is often impossible or impractical. If it is necessary to conduct communications through the wall, the pipe must be placed in a protective glass.
• Despite the fact that the owner of the house almost always wants to get the maximum free space and for this "press" the pipeline from the wall, there must be a gap of at least 25 mm between the building structures and the communications running parallel to them for easy repair work. The contour of the inner corner requires a distance of 40 mm, and the outer 15 mm.
• If there are drain valves on the pipelines or the hydraulic accumulator, a slight slope is made in their direction.
• The most convenient way to fix the pipeline to the walls is with special clips. You can choose single or double devices, the distance between them in any case should be about 2 meters.

When deciding how to make water distribution in a private house, remember that a well-executed internal water supply system has characteristic differences:

• Minimum joints and adapters. This improves the reliability and efficiency of the system.
• All connections are made in strict accordance with the installation technology of this particular type of pipe.
• The presence of valves or shut-off valves in critical areas of the system and at connection points.
• The minimum number of not too reliable flexible sections for connection (hose connections), which are most vulnerable to pressure drops.

Common installation errors

The drafting of the plumbing system, both collector and tee, is best entrusted to professionals who are familiar with building codes and are able to perform hydraulic calculations. But even the best project will be useless if mistakes are made in its implementation.

Stopcocks are part of any water supply scheme: both sequential and manifold. They are installed at the entrance to the plumbing system, as well as in front of each plumbing fixture.

For example, some unfortunate craftsmen, driven by the thought of unreasonable savings, neglect the requirement to insulate hot water pipes that are laid under the floor or in the thickness of the walls.

As a result, part of the thermal energy is transferred to the materials surrounding the pipe, which degrades the quality of the water. In addition, condensation from the surface of pipes without thermal insulation can damage the finish of the room.

During installation work, experienced craftsmen recommend closing the ends of pipes that have not yet been installed so that debris does not get into them. The absence of this protective measure can lead to the fact that immediately after installation, the water supply system will have to be thoroughly and for a long time flushed or even repaired.

When soldering polypropylene water pipes, remember that small dirt or moisture at the soldering point can significantly impair the quality of work.

If soldering of plastic pipes is necessary, all work should be carried out in a clean room to avoid contamination. It is also unacceptable to solder pipes on which even a small amount of moisture is present. A drop of water or debris in the soldering area can significantly weaken the connection and degrade its quality.

It is not necessary to design the plumbing system in such a way that all pipes pass through the ceiling through one common hole. This may degrade the performance of the plumbing. Professional designers never make such mistakes.

When drawing up a wiring plan, it is necessary to ensure that the pipes do not block access to the joints. This will greatly facilitate the repair in the event of a leak.

An insufficient number of locking devices can also cause a lot of trouble during installation work. Such fittings must be present in front of each device to which water is supplied, as well as for each riser. If the house has not one, but several bathrooms, you can install a shut-off valve for each of them.

Simultaneously with the plumbing system, sewers are usually designed and arranged. It must be ensured that pipes and risers of individual systems do not overlap each other. In the future, this will facilitate maintenance and repair work.

Video

Uninterrupted and high-quality water supply of the cottage is a prerequisite for comfortable living in it. There are several ways to arrange the water supply to the house. There are three main schemes, in each case the best option will be. To choose the right scheme, you need to know everything. Do you agree?

We will talk about how you can bring the water supply system to the house. The article presented by us describes in detail the options for the device sources. The specifics of the input of systems into the equipped object has been disassembled.

It is possible to provide the cottage and the site with drinking water using centralized or autonomous water supply. These are two fundamentally different ways of obtaining life-giving moisture.

In the first case, a connection is made to the water supply system existing in the village, and in the second case, water intake is organized on an individual basis in the territory adjacent to the residential building. And each of these options has its own merits.

You can simply bring drinking water to the cottage in canisters or from time to time order a water carrier to fill the container installed on the site. However, this method is acceptable only for non-permanent residence and / or for one person. But if a family with a child lives in the house, then the water supply should be arranged more thoroughly.

The very first question in the water supply of a private house is the definition of a water source, which can be used as a village water supply network or an autonomous water intake

Autonomous water intake is organized on the basis of:

• well;
• wells (pressure or non-pressure);
• spring or other natural body of water.

Most often, among these options, wells and free-flow wells are selected. They are equipped with pumps for pumping water, which is then supplied to the house. Their arrangement takes a minimum of time and costs reasonable money.

At the same time, the well is still good in that in the event of a power failure, drinking liquid can be obtained from it with a simple bucket.

The organization looks like this:

1. The source of water is selected - a highway or a well / well.
2. A water intake is created - a connection is made to the village water supply or a well is drilled / a well is dug.
3. A pipe is laid from the source to the house.
4. The water pipeline is being put into the cottage.
5. Internal distribution of cold water and hot water pipes is carried out with the connection of all necessary equipment for cleaning, heating and water metering.
6. Plumbing is being connected.

Also, it is usually already from the house that the plumbing is carried out in the area for watering the garden and supplying utility rooms with water. Do not forget that the organization of water supply can only be carried out in the case of a device from a cottage supplied with water.

Centralized or autonomous water supply?

If there is a village water supply network, then most private homeowners prefer to connect to it. This is often cheaper and easier. However, autonomous water supply has its advantages.

The choice of a water supply scheme does not depend on the volume of consumption and the amount of plumbing in the house. It is possible to adequately provide your family with water in accordance with sanitary standards both on the basis of a centralized and autonomous connection.

When choosing a source of water supply, you should compare all the pros and cons of the options. Then it will be problematic to redo the input to the house. Moreover, in most cases, it will be necessary not only to shift this street section of the water supply, but also to partially change the equipment and rebuild the house wiring.

Permission to connect to the water intake

From the point of view of bureaucratic delays and the preparation of permits, it greatly outperforms the centralized alternative. Any owner of a private house can dig a well or drill a regular well on the site.

It is not required to obtain permits to organize such water intake on your own territory. In some municipal settlements, the local authorities or the developer of the cottage settlement undertake the preparation of documents for connecting to the highway.

But usually this happens only with complex development in a new place. In other cases, you will have to run a lot to get the right papers and pay a tidy sum.

To connect to the main water supply, you need to go through a lot of approvals; you yourself cannot connect to the village pipe behind the fence on the street without permission

To connect a private household to a centralized water supply network, you will need to obtain the following documents:

1. Submission of an application for connection to the supply organization.
2. Obtaining technical conditions (technical specifications for connection).
3. Preparation and approval of the draft tie-in.
4. Connecting to the main and entering the pipe-outlet into the house.
5. Conclusion of a contract for water supply.

And if it is still possible to fill out a sample application for the required volume of water and sign agreements on your own, then all other steps will have to be carried out with the involvement of outside specialists. In terms of money, this often translates into tens of thousands of rubles, or even more.

And in order to make an autonomous water intake in the form of a well or a shallow well, it is enough to agree with an installation company that provides this kind of service. There is no need to obtain pre-approval here.

At a cost, this option is even cheaper than centralized. However, much depends on the depth of the aquifer and its presence on the site. If you need to drill a deep artesian well, then it will obviously be more expensive than connecting to a highway.

Installation of counters and filters

A meter is needed only when water is brought into the house from a common water supply network. In this case, you will have to monthly submit water meter readings to public utilities and pay for the resource.

If a well is equipped or a well is dug, then no one will need to report on the volume of water taken from the ground with their help. It is not forbidden to install a counter in such a water supply system. However, it will be needed only for its own accounting.

With water treatment, the situation is radically different. The resource supplying organization is responsible for the quality of water from the network. Now such firms are subject to fairly serious control in terms of compliance with SanPiNs. And if necessary, you can always find justice for public utilities.

If water is taken from an autonomous water intake, then the owner of the site and the house is solely responsible for its quality and compliance with standards. All questions on water purification from impurities and microflora dangerous to humans fall on the owner of the cottage.

Conventional coarse filters are inexpensive. But if the water from the earth is hard and / or with a large amount of various impurities, then its purification can result in a round sum. Equipment for such cases is expensive in terms of both purchase and installation, and subsequent operation. And without it, the water will be undrinkable.

If there are sources of pollution of aquifers near the house, then it is better to refuse autonomous water supply. It will be difficult and expensive to provide proper water quality in such a situation.

Terms of connection to the water intake

According to the time spent on organizing the water input, the autonomous option wins. In both cases, the work itself takes place approximately at the same time. However, it takes from a couple of weeks to 3-4 months to agree on a connection to the village network and obtain technical specifications.

If drinking water in a private house is urgently needed, then it is best to choose a scheme with local water supply from a well. This option of water supply of the cottage can be arranged in a couple of days

If there are no problems with finding an aquifer, then either it will work out in one working day. The process of tapping into a water main is actually fast as well. But it often takes several months to agree on a project in the second version and receive technical conditions.

Which is better to stay: on a well or a well? This issue is discussed in detail in, the contents of which we recommend that you familiarize yourself with.

Ways to supply water to the cottage

Arrangement in a private house of water supply is carried out in three stages:

1. Organization of water intake.
2. The implementation of laying pipes on the street and its entry into the cottage through the foundation.
3. Plumbing for a residential building.

The first point is described above, and the third is a separate topic that deserves an independent large article.

The main requirement for installing a pipe from a water source to a house is that it should not freeze in winter. If she needs insulation and heating, then they must be provided

The water supply to the cottage is usually carried out by a pipe with a diameter of 25–32 mm. It requires digging a trench with a depth below the freezing point of the soil. Moreover, this pit often has to be deepened by 1.5–2 meters so that the pipeline does not freeze in it in winter.

If the laying of the outer part of the system is carried out above the seasonal freezing horizon, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the formation of ice plugs in the line. are listed in our recommended article.

If water is taken from a well or a well, then the street pipe should be laid with a slight slope to the water intake. So, after the pump is turned off, excess liquid will flow back to the source by gravity, without stagnation in the water supply.

To pass the foundation, a hole is drilled in it 10–20 mm wider than the pipeline being laid. Then, a small piece of pipe of the appropriate section is inserted into this hole as a case with filler in the form of mounting foam. It is needed to protect the input pipe from soil movements during heaving of the soil in winter.

Method # 1 - from the village highway

This option is the easiest to implement. But then you have to pay the meter every month. The organization of such input will have to be entrusted to installers from the water utility or specialists from a third-party company that has the appropriate work permits.

It is impossible to bring water into the house from the main main in the village on your own, first you need to obtain technical specifications indicating the tie-in point and the technical parameters of water supply from the network

Two main disadvantages of centralized water supply:

1. Lack of water in case of gusts and other accidents in the common water main.
2. Considerable time costs for coordination of connection.

However, the water here, in the vast majority of cases, comes to the house of better quality than that from the well. The water utility is responsible for its quality.

Method # 2 - from a source on the site

The main advantage of a well and a well is autonomy. Any accidents on the village water supply do not concern the owner of the autonomous water supply system. There is always water in the house. Only the stability of the power supply of the pumps must be taken care of in advance by purchasing a UPS (uninterruptible power supply) or a generator.

When arranging an autonomous local water supply, you will have to spend money on a pump or pumping station, a hydraulic accumulator or a tank and other equipment. But then no one will need to pay for water

Before bringing water into a private house in this way, it is necessary to find out the level of its return from the aquifer available on the site.

If the water intake is not able to provide the required volume, then the well will begin to silt up and fail. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully calculate in advance the water supply project of the cottage, taking into account all the plumbing, so as not to miscalculate later.

The most common and relatively reliable option for organizing such a water intake is with a submersible pump, drilled near the house.

It can be done anywhere on the site where there is water. The pumping equipment in such a scheme is located directly in the non-freezing well, and the filters and the membrane tank are in the basement of the cottage.

Connection is made in the following order:

1. Check valve.
2. HDPE pipe up the well and further sideways along the trench to the house.
3. (already in the basement).
4. Coarse filter.
5. Pressure gauge and with pump control unit.
6. A tee with a tap to the accumulator.
7. Ball valve.

Next comes the outlet for supplying water to the street for watering the garden and distributing cold water pipes throughout the building. During installation, free access to the shut-off valves and sensors should be ensured. The need to shut off the water and check the values ​​​​on the pressure gauge can arise at any time.

The most problematic area in such a scheme is a pipe in a trench. The well is able to freeze only in severe frosts, but the outlet from it to the house most often freezes in winter. This pipeline is laid below the freezing depth, but additional insulation and heating will not interfere with it either.

After that, you can install another finer filter. But the first, self-flushing, at the beginning should be in any case, so that the membrane in the expansion tank is not damaged by solid impurities in the water from the well.

The submersible pump can also be replaced with a ready-made one with a hydraulic accumulator and a surface hydraulic pump. However, this option will be noisier.

Method # 3 - from a well in the house

In order not to tempt fate with the possible freezing of the pipe on the street and not to dig a trench under it, you can drill a well directly in the cottage. Such water intake is done in the basement or utility room of the house. At the same time, filters and a pump are installed in the same place, if not in a heated, then obviously insulated room.

If in the region of residence -30 ° C outside the window in winter is the norm, then this water intake option will be an ideal choice. The risk of pump failure due to freezing of the well is minimal here. However, if there is no water under the house, then drilling will be done in vain.

A well in the basement allows you to reduce the cost of organizing water supply, save yourself from digging a trench and gives a guarantee against freezing of pumping equipment in severe frosts outside

Such a water supply scheme should be chosen only with a clear understanding that there is an aquifer under the cottage, or even before laying the foundation.

Now there is a mass of compact equipment for drilling. With the device of a shallow well or in the basement, problems should not arise. In this case, the connection of filters, automation and pump is carried out according to the scheme described above. Only the HDPE pipe on the street is removed from it.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

But autonomous water supply can be arranged independently. The main difficulty is the well and the well. But even drilling and digging them will be quite possible with your own hands.

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