The navigation bridge includes:

Wheelhouse;

Navigation bridge wings;

Upper navigation bridge;

Navigation post.

1.7.1 Wheelhouse

In the wheelhouse there are ship control posts. The equipment is installed so as to allow one person to operate the vessel. The shape, dimensions of the cabin and its glazing should provide the navigator with a maximum view close to 360 0 .

Wheelhouse equipment:

PSO, PV, PVM, PSV

PSPB, PSLB

Inclinometer (on the front wall of the cabin closer to the DP)

Fire alarm panel

Signal light switch (wheelhouse rear wall)

Axiometer (according to DP on the ceiling)

Boatmaster's chair

Sofa (allowed at the back wall)

Hangers

Shelves and hangers for documents and flags

The front walls of the cabin are inclined. The walls between the windows are 150 mm.

A sketch of the pilothouse is shown in Figure 1/17.

1.7.2 Navigation enclosure

To determine the ship's position and course with the help of navigation equipment, instruments and maps in modern wheelhouses, the navigation station in the wheelhouses is fenced off, which is located at the rear wall to the right of the control room. The navigator's station is equipped with a navigator's table with drawers for maps. The table is positioned so that the navigator faces the bow of the ship.

1.7.3 Upper navigation bridge and bridge wings

Speaking pipes, antennas and a searchlight are installed on the upper navigation bridge.

The navigation bridge wings are located behind the large wheelhouse. Dimensions provide observations along the side of the ship, bearings of coastal objects. Peloruses are installed on the wings.

2 Equipment and supplies of the vessel

The equipment and supplies of the vessel are made in accordance with the requirements of the “Rules” of the Russian River Register.

2.1 Signaling means

The number of signal lights and daylight signals is assigned according to Table 10.2.1 of the “Rules” and is presented in Table 2.1

In accordance with clause 10.5.2 of the “Rules” of the Russian River Register, signal and distinctive lights must have illumination angles and visibility ranges, which are presented in Table 2.1.1

In accordance with paragraphs 10.3 of the “Rules” of the Russian River Register, the vessel is equipped with pyrotechnic signaling devices:

Shipborne parachute distress signal flares – 3 pieces;

Red flares – 3 pieces.

To launch distress missiles, a special glass with a slot inclined outward at an angle to the horizon of 60-70° should be installed on each side of the ship on the navigating bridge fence or bulwark.

In accordance with the “Standards for the supply of sound signaling devices” of paragraph 10.4 of the “Rules” of the Russian River Register, the vessel is equipped with airborne sound signals.

Table 2.1 - Signal lights and daylight signals of the vessel

Signal lights								Daily signals
	Onboard		Feed	Light-pulse signals	Circular		Parking side	Black ball	White go-ahead flag

1*-red, 2*-green, 3*-white, 4*-circular

Table 2.1.1 - Illumination angles and visibility range of signal and distinctive lights.

Type and color of signal light			Lighting sector in the horizontal plane
			Visibility range, km	Illumination Angle	Viewing angles
Top flashlight					From the centerline of the vessel from the bow 112.5° on each side
Side lamp					From directly along the bow of the vessel to 22.5° abaft the starboard beam
					From directly along the bow of the vessel to 22.5° abaft the port side beam
Stern lantern					From straight aft to 67.5° towards each side
Circular					All over the horizon
Parking side					From the ship's beam 90° to the bow and stern
Light pulse signal:					From the ship's beam to the bow with the center plane overlapping by 22.5° and from the ship's beam to the stern with the center plane overlapping by 22.5°
Light signal

The top lights are installed in the center plane of the vessel. Side distinctive lights are installed in special niches in the wheelhouse and are located on one horizontal line symmetrically to the center plane of the vessel. One stern light is installed behind the superstructure in the center plane of the vessel at the same height as the side distinctive lights. The other two are on the bulwark on the same horizontal line and symmetrically relative to the center plane. Side parking lights are located on the sides of the navigation bridge. Light pulse signals are installed in pairs (bow and stern) on each side above the side lights at a height of 0.5 m.

Service premises on a ship are premises in which the crew permanently or temporarily performs work on the operation of the ship:

• Engine room;
• Service and utility rooms (lantern room, painting room, skipper room, carpentry room and some others).

The service premises associated with the management of the vessel are located mainly on the navigation bridge deck.

Walking bridge. The navigation and wheelhouses are located on it - the place where the ship is controlled and the navigational staff keeps watch. Modern ships usually have a closed bridge. Its open areas on each side are called wings.

Rice. 1 Navigation bridge: a - semi-closed; b - closed

An upper bridge is installed on the roof of the navigation bridge. This high-mounted and completely open bridge provides good visibility over the entire horizon and is used when maneuvering in narrow spaces, in ice, and for conducting navigational and astronomical observations.

The wheelhouse is a small enclosed space with a glazed forward bulkhead.

The wheelhouse is equipped with:

• Helm stand;
• Travel magnetic compass;
• Gyrocompass repeaters;
• Machine telegraph and other necessary equipment.

Rice. 2 Wheelhouse

Next to the helm is the chart room, equipped with a large table for storing and laying out charts, as well as several cabinets and shelves for storing navigational instruments and manuals. On ships with a large enclosed bridge, the charthouse and wheelhouse are often located in the same room, separated by a curtain.

It is quite common now for the wheelhouse to have a glazed and aft bulkhead to provide visibility to the stern.

A type of ship bridge is a transition bridge located above the upper deck for communication between superstructures or for transition from one side to another. Such bridges are installed on tankers due to the increased floodability of the deck and on fishing vessels, whose upper deck is occupied by a large number of deck and fishing mechanisms.

Rice. 3 General layout drawings
Rice. 3.1 General layout drawings: 1 - radio room; 2 — wheelhouse; 3 — chart room; 4 — cabin of the fourth navigator; 5 — third navigator’s cabin; 6, 7 - office and bedroom of the senior assistant; 8 — cabin of the head of the radio station; 9 — radio operator’s cabin; 10, 11, 12 - office, bedroom and bathroom of the captain; 13 — pilot’s cabin; 14 - insulator; 15 - bathroom; 16 - outpatient clinic; 17 — first mate’s cabin; 18 — doctor’s cabin; 19 - electrician's cabin; 20, 21, 22 - office, bedroom and shower room of the chief engineer; 23 — second engineer’s cabin; 24 - office; 25 — reserve cabin; 26 — fourth engineer’s cabin; 27 — third engineer’s cabin; 28 — second navigator’s cabin; 29 — office of the second navigator; 30 - buffet; 31 — wardroom; 32 — salon for the team; 33 - team canteen; 34 — tiller compartment; 35 — laundry, 36 — tweendeck No. 4; 37 — sailors’ cabins; 38 - painting; 39 - lantern; 40 - skipper; 41 - carpentry; 42 cabins for motorists; 43 - ironing; 44 — hold No. 4; 45 - tank drinking water; 46 - mechanical workshop; 47 - electrical workshop; 48 — twin-deck No. 3, 49 — twin-deck No. 2, 50 — twin-deck No. 1; 51 — room for electrical appliances; 52 — department of refrigeration units; 53 - provision storerooms; 54 — lubricating oil tank; 55 — ballast tank; 56 — engine room; 57 — auxiliary boiler baffle; 58 — fuel tanks; 59 — hold No. 3; 60 — hold No. 2; 61 — hold No. 1; 62 - tunnel propeller shaft

The radio room, if possible, is located on the navigation bridge deck, which ensures fast and reliable transmission of all received correspondence to the officer of the watch.

Service and utility premises. They are most often located in tank superstructures, which allows them to be isolated from other rooms.

Ship's equipment (cables, hooks, staples, blocks, etc.) is stored in the skipper's storeroom. In cases where the skipper has small sizes, for storing equipment they use the upper part of the forepeak, separated from the ballast tank by a waterproof platform.

The lantern and paint rooms are designed to store lanterns and paints, as well as painting tools and a small supply of fuel for ship lanterns. These rooms are fire hazardous and therefore must have access to an open deck.

Metal bulkheads of office premises are made of fire-resistant material. In addition, structurally, these premises must always meet the highest fire safety requirements.

The design and location of office equipment must guarantee maximum ease of maintenance and the possibility of using general ship systems (fire extinguishing, irrigation and others.

The service premises also include the tiller compartment, which houses the steering gear. It is located in the stern.

Or a separate platform. Bridges designed to accommodate control, observation or communication posts, as well as for transition from one superstructure to another.

Bridges They are distinguished by purpose - chassis, rangefinder, signal, searchlight, navigation and others.

By location bridges They are divided into bow and stern, according to the degree of protection from the effects of adverse environmental conditions - into open, closed and semi-closed.

The entire deck of the pilothouse is called navigation bridge, and its open areas on the sides of the wheelhouse - wings of the navigation bridge. On ships intended for navigation at high latitudes, the wings of the navigation bridge and the wheelhouse are combined into one closed room to protect against low temperatures. Navigation bridge also called captain's(pilot bridge).

Navigation bridge called the roof of the wheelhouse and adjacent spaces. On the chassis and navigation bridges the main ship control posts are located.

Type of ship bridges are walkways, located above the upper deck and intended for transition from one side to another and for communication between superstructures. Longitudinal walkways installed on tankers that do not have any internal passages under the upper deck and have a low freeboard height when fully loaded.

Story

Initially, the ship was controlled from the quarterdeck - the aft part of the deck, usually elevated for better review. The location of the quarterdecks in close proximity to the steering device made it possible to simplify the steering drive as much as possible. There, inside the poop, the captain's cabin was usually located, which provided him with quick access to the quarterdeck. After the appearance of the first steamships, this arrangement turned out to be inconvenient - the captain and officers were constantly bothered by smoke from the chimneys, in addition, the view was greatly blocked by the casings of the paddle wheels. Therefore, a separate platform appears in the middle part of the ship, sometimes in the form of a bridge spanned between the wheel casings, from which the captain commanded the ship, and engineering personnel could observe the operation of the paddle wheels and give orders to the engine room located below.
Subsequently, thanks to the spread of servos and on-board communication devices, it became possible to move the bridge forward, to the bow of the ship, providing better visibility from it - especially after the removal of sails. On many ships, several bridges appear, serving different purposes - running (captain's), navigation, admiral's (from which the admiral and his staff could control the squadron as a whole, without interfering with the work of the captain of the flagship), and so on.
In the 20th century, weatherproof closed bridges with glazing became widespread, providing comfortable working conditions in any weather.

See also

• Command post
• Star Trek: Bridge Commander

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Literature

• Marine Dictionary, M, Military Publishing House of the USSR Ministry of Defense, 1959
• Nautical Encyclopedic Dictionary, L-d, “Shipbuilding”, 1991, ISBN 5-7355-0280-8

Links

An excerpt characterizing the Bridge (a nautical term)

He urged his already tired horse to get through these crowds as quickly as possible, but the further he moved, the more upset the crowds became. The high road on which he drove out was crowded with carriages, carriages of all kinds, Russian and Austrian soldiers, of all branches of the military, wounded and unwounded. All this hummed and swarmed in a mixed manner to the gloomy sound of flying cannonballs from the French batteries placed on the Pratsen Heights.
- Where is the sovereign? where is Kutuzov? - Rostov asked everyone he could stop, and could not get an answer from anyone.
Finally, grabbing the soldier by the collar, he forced him to answer himself.
- Eh! Brother! Everyone has been there for a long time, they ran away! - the soldier said to Rostov, laughing at something and breaking free.
Leaving this soldier, who was obviously drunk, Rostov stopped the horse of the orderly or the guard of an important person and began to question him. The orderly announced to Rostov that an hour ago the sovereign had been driven at full speed in a carriage along this very road, and that the sovereign was dangerously wounded.
“It can’t be,” said Rostov, “that’s right, someone else.”
“I saw it myself,” said the orderly with a self-confident grin. “It’s time for me to know the sovereign: it seems like how many times I’ve seen something like this in St. Petersburg.” A pale, very pale man sits in a carriage. As soon as the four blacks let loose, my fathers, he thundered past us: it’s time, it seems, to know both the royal horses and Ilya Ivanovich; It seems that Ilya the coachman does not ride with anyone else like the Tsar.
Rostov let his horse go and wanted to ride on. A wounded officer walking past turned to him.
-Who do you want? – asked the officer. - Commander-in-Chief? So he was killed by a cannonball, killed in the chest by our regiment.
“Not killed, wounded,” another officer corrected.
- Who? Kutuzov? - asked Rostov.
- Not Kutuzov, but whatever you call him - well, it’s all the same, there aren’t many alive left. Go over there, to that village, all the authorities have gathered there,” said this officer, pointing to the village of Gostieradek, and walked past.
Rostov rode at a pace, not knowing why or to whom he would go now. The Emperor is wounded, the battle is lost. It was impossible not to believe it now. Rostov drove in the direction that was shown to him and in which a tower and a church could be seen in the distance. What was his hurry? What could he now say to the sovereign or Kutuzov, even if they were alive and not wounded?
“Go this way, your honor, and here they will kill you,” the soldier shouted to him. - They'll kill you here!
- ABOUT! what are you saying? said another. -Where will he go? It's closer here.
Rostov thought about it and drove exactly in the direction where he was told that they would kill him.
“Now it doesn’t matter: if the sovereign is wounded, should I really take care of myself?” he thought. He entered the area where most of the people fleeing from Pratsen died. The French had not yet occupied this place, and the Russians, those who were alive or wounded, had long abandoned it. On the field, like heaps of good arable land, lay ten people, fifteen killed and wounded on every tithe of space. The wounded crawled down in twos and threes together, and one could hear their unpleasant, sometimes feigned, as it seemed to Rostov, screams and moans. Rostov started to trot his horse so as not to see all these suffering people, and he became scared. He feared not for his life, but for the courage that he needed and which, he knew, would not withstand the sight of these unfortunates.
The French, who stopped shooting at this field strewn with the dead and wounded, because there was no one alive on it, saw the adjutant riding along it, aimed a gun at him and threw several cannonballs. The feeling of these whistling, terrible sounds and the surrounding dead people merged for Rostov into one impression of horror and self-pity. He remembered his mother's last letter. “What would she feel,” he thought, “if she saw me now here, on this field and with guns pointed at me.” Attention! There are a lot of photos.
Photos are clickable.

Let's continue our excursions around the ship.
Well, today is the most tempting... the most attractive place.
Walking bridge.
The bridge of a fifty thousand ton tanker.
On this tanker, the bridge is completely closed... it was assumed that the ship would operate in high latitudes. And this series, yes... did work and continues to work in the winter. In particular, in the winter in Canada... and they already know what it is ice and cold.
In addition, a series of these tankers were the first in the world to receive the “winterization” class... but, to be honest, this ship did not impress with its winter qualities. European shipbuilders are much more competent in this regard.
Well, it's all lyrics...

Everything is glazed...from side to side. Bridge wings and wheelhouse.

Left side wing.
On the wings of both sides there are ship control panels.
I won’t explain that this is a column painted grey. Everyone already guessed it...
Vaughn, if you look closely... you can see the handle of an ax shoved under this post)

All the essentials. DAU handle, VHF radio...

That's it, this is the side) The portholes are sliding.

There is never too much space on a ship. No matter how many rooms and storage rooms you make... it will still turn out that you can’t fit anything in anywhere.

It’s on the aft portholes that all sorts of things are stored.
For example...signal flags.
And there are emergency radios on the bedside table. Use only when abandoning, that is, abandoning the ship.

Well, these are radio beacons. Also for use in an emergency.

Compass.

And this is... the navigator's room.
Heavy, light-proof curtains. At night, while the ship is moving... the navigation room is curtained with these curtains. At sea, at night, the bridge is in complete darkness... this makes it easier to notice the lights of an oncoming ship. But the light is on in the navigation room... so in order to avoid exposure to light, they curtain .The light, of course, is not powerful... lamps... but still.

And shelves with all sorts of instructing and guiding...

The chart table again.

Computers and devices...

This is an echo sounder display, a log (speedometer)) and an anachronism... everything is nearby)

And this is...the same ship's log.

The table is made with drawers for cards (not playing cards)... but that’s it.. paper cards are a thing of the past. Cartography is now electronic.
Of course, the cards remain... but they are carrying them around slowly... writing them off.

This device is now being used to plan a flight.
The compass and parallel ruler are gone.

Also on the bridge... life jackets for the watch, signal flares, and an emergency line gun are stored in the same table...

And this is a communication unit.
Communication is everyday...so to speak, and emergency.

Of course...clocks. Timekeeping on a boat is important.
Damn, I didn’t take a picture of the ship’s most important chronometer...

Our office is in Singapore, the HR department is in Nakhodka.

All kinds of certificates.

In the corner, too..communication equipment. And racks, racks, racks...

Well, this...well, that...is in complete harmony...with modern space equipment.
(A service is underway in the maritime church. The preacher from the pulpit broadcasts:
-And so, when you see that your boat has lost its sails and rudder... and the waves and wind are carrying you onto the rocks... what? What should you do?.. That’s right, fall on your knees and throw your hands up...
- Anchor, fuck... - a smoky, hoarse voice from the last bench - Anchor, fuck, you need to drop it.)

So we made it to the starboard side. Here you can...sit on the sofa and drink tea and coffee in the local teahouse.
I knew one captain who lived on the bridge...on such a sofa.
He only went to the cabin to shower...and sometimes change his shirt.
The navigator was a little tense.

There are doors on the wings of the bridge... you can go out onto the deck.
Aft.

On the right...the same control console.

And these are the units for lighting the vessel and controlling navigation lights.
These are also fire alarm and fire extinguishing systems control units.

Reference tables for boat control.

Well, and... the central control console.
Right wing... power plant control.

Center - navigation.

Electronic navigation...in action)

On flexible leads... these are lamps. When they are turned on... they glow red.

The captain's throne)Sitting on this..as if...is highly not recommended)Repressions are sometimes very strong...
-They take a watch...and don’t sit or lie down!!!... -I remember...once one very honored captain yelled at the watch navigator, having caught him in this chair. Now that navigator...is himself a captain and yells in the same way ... and adds:
-That's when I was third...
And then I start laughing as usual, and they kick me off the bridge.

And this is already...sad modernity.
Video cameras and microphones. We also have an analogue of black boxes.

Steering wheel. At sea.. autopilot.
By hand when passing through narrow passages (but not always...entry and exit from the port, mooring and unmooring)
All this, naturally, is tied into one control complex.

On the front part, above the windows, there is an instrument panel... a quick glance at this panel, and you can immediately see the real course of the ship, the position of the rudder, the time...

And this... let's put it this way... a periscope. It shows magnetic compass data.
The magnetic compass itself is installed on the navigation bridge.
Located above the steering column.

Again the table. Williamson loop. Maneuver in the case of “Man overboard”. As a result of such a maneuver, the ship takes a reverse course and goes to the point where the person was lost.

At the beginning of the post...signal flags were visible on the porthole. In fact, the flags are stored like this:

Radars, radars...GPS..GMDSS...satellites and space...
But the old and good have not gone away...
Direction finder.

Binoculars

There is also a sextant. However, the last time I saw its use... was back in 1991.

Barograph.

Chronometer. But it’s not as beautiful... as in a box... the one in a non-ferrous metal case.

But this...
Maybe someone noticed that windshield wipers are installed on the windshields... just like on a car.
This stray...helps with heavy snowfalls, when even the windshield wipers don't help...
This disk rotates at high speed and knocks down everything stuck to it... so they look forward through it.

I didn’t take a photo of the toilet. But it is there)
There is also a drinking water fountain... but they don’t use it. They try to drink bottled water.

The portholes are heated and blown. Tubes for washing with water are also installed outside.
The wind puts sea water...salt on the glass. You have to wash it often.

In general, it’s convenient to rest your elbows on the windowsill and rest your forehead against the porthole)
And you can see this spot... from the forehead... right away)

The bridge...one of the few places where you can smoke.

View of the stern from the bridge.

That's probably all. This is the bridge...

We wish the watch officer a calm watch... and we leave.
Shall we go to the car?
Or what?

I'll tell you more about the ferry "Georg Ots".
I got there without any problems, first I bought a pass to enter the port, said that I needed to look at the temporary storage facility for a new stroller, then I went straight to the pier where Ots was standing, boarded the ship, called the captain's mate on watch, and honestly told him who I came and why. I once also worked in the navy, and was subject to the Charter of service on naval vessels, so we had no problems finding a watchman common language. Therefore, not only did I get permission to photograph the ship, but I was also given a detailed tour of the ship.
Where does the ship begin? It’s hard to say, of course, maybe from the name, maybe from the stem, maybe from the captain. Let's start with the bridge. The correct name is command bridge or navigation bridge, but in the navy they call it bridge for short. Typically, the bridge on a ship is located at the top of the superstructure, and the longer the ship, the higher they try to raise it to provide the best visibility. On modern ships, the bridge takes up the entire width of the ship, and even has wings protruding beyond the normal width. That's about the same as on "Georg Ots". Since the ship is intended for navigation in high latitudes, the wings of the bridge are made closed. For even better visibility, the bulkheads and windows are tilted forward and to the sides. The windows have wipers and heating, almost like a car. Above the bridge there is a navigation bridge; roughly speaking, this is the roof of an ordinary bridge. It contains the main means for controlling the vessel, such as the engine telegraph, rudder, a magnetic compass, searchlights, etc.

1. M/v "Georg Ots"

2. This is what the bridge looks like at the m/v "Georg Ots"

A navigation bridge with a mast, a white inscription on the deck - this is the identification number of the vessel, marked for easy identification of the vessel from the air. The mast contains GPS receivers, weather instruments, masts for radio stations of all bands, satellite phone receivers, rotating radar antennas, and navigation lights. The inscription “GEORG OTS” is necessary so that navigators from other ships with the help of binoculars can turn to navigator Ots, and not shout, “Hey, you, going on course 237, you will run over us right now.” Running lights are needed so that at night you can see that the ship is moving towards you with a certain side, red on the left, green on the right. In order for the navigator to be remembered better from the school, they are taught that they need to remember the “female genital organ”, from which they must independently isolate the letters “P” and “Z”, which correspond to “Right” and “Green”. Remembered for life.
3.

On this bulkhead there are devices for communication with the shore; they replaced those bulky devices that previously occupied a separate room and required the presence of the head of the radio station and radio operators on the ship. Now the captain's assistants manage all this. In fact, all of these devices can replace a regular satellite phone, but here guaranteed communication and security are most important, so something bulky but reliable is better. As far as I understand, devices for sending SOS signals are installed here. Previously, the so-called Cospas device usually hung on the bulkhead; in case of an emergency, it was necessary to turn it upside down and it would start beeping. I don’t know whether these devices are still preserved due to the introduction of the global GMDSS system. Previously, communication with the shore from a flight looked like a special shamanic ritual, in certain time the radio operator called “Vladivostok-Radio” via a long-wave connection, then the girl operator in Vladivostok called the required phone, and when connected, connected the phone to the connection. The conversation took place openly throughout the Pacific Ocean, it looked something like “Vladivostok-Radio, Sergey will talk to you now,” “Hello, let’s do it,” “Hello, hello, wife, hello. Are you waiting for me???. Welcome!”, and from there “Yes, I’m waiting, welcome!”, “How are the children? Welcome!”, “What kind of children? What ship are you Sergei from? Welcome.”
4.

5. This nook is the department of the third mate; here the ship’s route is plotted on sea charts. There are signal flags on the shelves on top. They are used when it is necessary to send a signal to other vessels, but communication with them cannot be established via radio. There is a duty channel for communication between ships and with coastal services. After communication on it, the parties select another channel for communication only among themselves and release the duty channel. To determine who exactly is calling you, there are signs on board the ship. English. The fishermen also have their call sign written in capital letters. There is a ship's log on the table. The ship's log records: a list of the crew, the date of arrival at the port and departure from the port, the depth of water in the port and when leaving the sea, speed, course, wind force during the voyage, the names of the crew watch and navigator watch and their detailed report on all events that occurred during the flight.

6. Here is a top-down converter that converts the data received from the log and gyrocompass into digital form and transmits it to navigation devices, another device showing the speed taken from the log, a device that takes data from the gyrocompass, a plotter that records the movements of the vessel using the GPS satellite system, the second picture shows a gyrocompass repeater showing the course of the vessel. In fact, the operation of these devices can be replaced by a regular GPS receiver, but for the safety of navigation, all devices are installed at the factory. Without them or with non-functioning ones, the ship will not be released into the sea.

7. Autopilot, shows the angle of rotation and allows you to control the rotation of the ship's rudders. It can operate in automatic mode, keeping the vessel on a given course. Modern devices even take into account drift from side winds or waves.

8. There is also a device hanging here that automatically receives a weather map via satellite at certain intervals and prints it.

9. On the bulkheads hang diagrams of various ship life support systems.

10. Fire alarm system and control of fire partitions and extinguishing systems. Somewhere nearby there should be control panels for the hydraulic doors of the watertight partitions.

Vessels at sea disperse using a certain analogue of traffic rules, the so-called COLREG-72, i.e. international rules for preventing collisions of ships at sea. Adopted in 1972 international convention and came into force in 1977, they are binding on all persons operating a ship. The last changes were made to them in 2003.
In order to figure out what course ships around are following, ship radar is used. Using it, you can determine the speed and direction of movement of objects at sea, even those that are not yet visible visually. Based on this, the officer of the watch makes a decision on the need to maneuver or change the speed of the vessel. If the radars suddenly break down, a direction finder, a clock and a ruler are used to determine courses.

11. This is how it looks on the m/v "Georg Ots".

12. For safety, it is duplicated on the second side. It usually has its own separate antenna. In general, duplication of systems is common for the fleet, as they say, safety first.

13. Control devices for various searchlights, ship horns, navigation lights, lighting, steering gears, etc. are located here. I don’t know exactly, I didn’t look at it much.

14. Telegraphs for controlling the power plant, adjustable pitch propellers, bow and stern thrusters, as well as communication with the central control station are located here.

15. The controls are duplicated on each wing.

That’s all for today...if I was inaccurate somewhere, don’t blame me, I’m not “horned”, as they call navigators on a ship, tomorrow I’ll tell you about the interior of the ship, and then about the engine room.