Theoretical foundations of terminology research.
1.1. Special lexical units in the composition of the language.
1.2. Traditional ideas about the term and term formation.
1.3. Terminology as an object of study.
1.4. Cognitive research in the field of terminology.
1.5. Characteristics of automotive terminology.
Conclusions on the first chapter.
Structural and semantic aspect of the study of automotive terminology in compared languages.
2.1. Thematic classification of automotive terminology in the compared languages
2.1.1. Thematic groups of automotive terms in German.
2.1.2. Thematic groups of automotive terms in Russian.
2.2. Structural Characteristics of Automotive Terminology in Comparable Languages
2.2.1. Structural parameters of automotive terms in German.
2.2.2. Structural parameters of automotive terms in Russian.
2.3. Semantic Features of Automotive Terminology in Comparable Languages
2.3.1. Synonymy: terminological variability and doubleness.
2.3.2. Antonymy.
2.5. Eponymic terms as a specific feature of automotive terminology.
Conclusions on the second chapter.
Functional aspect of automotive terminology analysis. On the concept of "automobile media discourse".
3.1. Discourse is an object of linguistic research.
3.2. Automotive discourse: definition and characterization.
3.3. Nuclear-Peripheral Organization of Automotive Media Discourse of Comparable Languages
3.3.1. Functioning of terms in automotive media discourse.
3.3.2. Discursive names of special concepts: nomens and professionalisms.
3.3.3. Metaphorical nomination of special concepts.
Conclusions on the third chapter.
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Introduction to the thesis (part of the abstract) on the topic "Automotive Terminology in German and Russian: Structural-Semantic and Functional Aspects"
The dissertation is devoted to a comparative study of automotive terminology in German and Russian in the structural-semantic and functional aspects.
The continuously developing world and man are in close interaction and mutual influence. Man actively transforms the surrounding reality. The mediator between a person and the cognizable world is language, which “creates opportunities for streamlining and systematizing in memory a lot of knowledge in order to build a linguistic picture of the world characteristic of each given ethnocultural group” [Maslova, 2005: 11].
The inseparable connection of language with the life and activities of society is expressed in the fact that all processes of social development and scientific and technological progress are dynamically and multifacetedly reflected in the vocabulary, and in particular in terminological systems. Terms define the essence of scientific discoveries, reflect the content of developing areas of knowledge, convey newly created and already existing concepts in science and technology, serve as the name of new objects and phenomena.
Terminology has been and remains the main means of fixing, updating and broadcasting conceptual paradigms in science. Terms and terminology have always been the subject of analysis of numerous works of linguistic, logical and general scientific content. The active processes of development of modern science and technology predetermine the close attention of linguists to theoretical and applied issues of terminology.
At present, terminology no longer satisfies the usual, stable axioms about the nature of the term, it tends to study directly the texts in which the terms appear and live.
The functional aspect in the study of terminology is of great and independent research importance, since all the true properties and qualities of a term are manifested only when it functions in special texts or in oral forms of professional communication [Danilenko 1986].
In this case, the subjects of communication act as carriers of one social role: this is the speech of professionals for the profession. However, a characteristic sign of the new time is the replacement of the position of the addressee by a “non-specialist” and the expansion of the sector of popular science publications of various types. That is why the functioning of terms in specialized types of media discourse is of considerable interest to the researcher.
At the turn of the 20th-21st centuries, the process of colossal global transformations is actively underway, affecting all areas of industry. One of the leading branches of mechanical engineering in many countries of the world is the automotive industry. The terminology of this industry is becoming more and more in demand and is of paramount importance in the current situation.
In recent years, the interest of linguists and specialists from various fields of science and technology in the problems of sectoral terminologies has sharply increased, which is explained by the increasing flow of scientific and technical information, integration processes, and the strengthening of terminology processes.
The study of transport terminology is not a new topic, the mentioned layer of vocabulary has already been the object of research by individual authors: L.I. Voskresenskaya studied the semantic structure of English technical (automotive) terms. Research by N.P. Tomasevich was devoted to the terminological vocabulary of the English automotive sublanguage and its interaction with other lexical layers.
V.G. Zakharova considered the terminology of the automotive industry in the Russian and Belarusian languages, namely the system of term formation of the category “processes, methods of action”. L.I. Forester on the material of the terminology of the automotive industry of the modern French language investigated the semantics of the syntactic structures of compound terms. Yu.A. Chuntomova studied English transport terminology. I.E. Korotaeva analyzed the lexical-semantic field "Transport" in American English. I.N. Pozdnysheva conducted a comparative analysis of automotive term systems in English, French and Russian.
Thus, it can be stated that in these works only certain aspects of the study of the terminology of road transport are considered.
The relevance of this study is determined by the fact that in the linguistic literature, according to our data, there are still no works that consider this terminology in a functional aspect, and on the material of the German language, automotive terms have not been the subject of research at all. We consider this not entirely legitimate, since, despite the dominance of English in the international arena, the German language is also of great importance in technical, scientific and business communication, and German automakers have long been recognized around the world for reliable, modern technological equipment and high functionality. their products.
The object of this study is automotive terminology in German and Russian.
The choice of automotive terminology as an object of study is due to the fact that it is an important lexical system in communicative and cultural-historical relations, which is constantly updated and intensively developed.
The subject of the research is the structural-semantic and functional characteristics of automotive terminology in German and Russian.
The purpose of this dissertation is a comparative study of automotive terminology in German and Russian in the structural, semantic and functional aspects.
In accordance with the main goal of the work, the following tasks were determined:
Conduct a selection and inventory of lexical material in the German and Russian languages within the terminology under consideration for subsequent description, analysis and comparison.
Highlight the structural models of the formation of automotive terms in German and Russian.
To characterize semantic phenomena (synonyms, antonyms) in the automotive terminology of the German and Russian languages.
To explore the mechanisms of functioning in the automotive media discourse of comparable languages of terms and discursive names of terminological concepts (nomens, professionalisms, metaphors).
To analyze the role and place of the conceptual metaphor with the “car” target sphere in German and Russian automotive media discourses and to identify the most productive spheres-sources of metaphorical nominations.
To implement the tasks, the following methods were used:
Benchmarking method;
The method of continuous sampling to collect material;
Thematic classification;
Method of structural analysis of terminological units;
Method of component analysis in its definitive version;
Method of statistical analysis;
Quota method;
Discourse analysis method.
The material for the study was: automotive dictionaries, manuals, monographs, manuals for the operation and repair of domestic and foreign cars. The total body of material collected by the method of continuous sampling amounted to 2864 terminological units in German and the same number of terms in Russian.
The material for the study of the discourse was publications in authentic glossy automotive magazines "Auto Bild", "Auto News", "Auto Test" and materials of similar magazines in Russian: "Behind the wheel", "Avtopanorama", "Automobiles" for the period 2008 - 2010 years, with a total volume of 3000 pages.
In addition, information material collected during the internship at the University. Johannes Guttenberg (Mainz, Germany) within the framework of a grant from the German DAAD Foundation.
The scientific novelty of the proposed research is manifested against the background of the lack of works on the study of automotive terminology in a comparative sense, in particular on the material of German and Russian languages. We believe that only by comparison can the similarities and differences in the special technical terminology of two unrelated languages be established and analyzed. For the first time, the functioning of automotive terms in the media discourse is analyzed and the discursive names of terminological concepts are described.
The theoretical and methodological base was made up of several groups of sources:
Works on the theory of terminology: K.Ya. Averbukh, JT.M. Alekseeva, O.S. Akhmanova, N.V. Vasilyeva, B.N. Golovina, C.B. Grineva, V.P. Danilenko, Z.I. Komarova, V.M. Leichik, S.E. Nikitina,
H.B. Podolsky, A.A. Reformatsky, A.B. Superanskaya, B.A. Tatarinova, JI.B. Tkacheva, S.D. Shelov and others.
Works of domestic and foreign linguists working in line with the cognitive direction: H.H. Boldyreva, M.N. Volodina, E.I. Golovanova, JI.B. Ivina, E.S. Kubryakova, H.H. Lykova, L.A. Manerko, V.A. Maslova, S.L. Mishlanova, V.F. Novodranova, Yu.V. Slozhenikina, V.D. Tabanakova, A.P. Chudinova, V.I. Khairullin, J. Lakoff, M. Johnson and others.
Sources related to the study of the theory of discourse (discourse studies): N.D. Arutyunova, V.I. Karasik, Yu.N. Karaulov, H.A. Kuzmina, E.G. Malysheva, O.G. Revzina, Yu.S. Stepanov, V.E. Chernyavskaya, T.A. van Dyck, E.I. Sheigal and others.
Automotive works: I.I. Gnatchenko, S.S. Dobronravova, V.G. Krapina, Yu.V. Kudryavtseva, S.T. Stepanova.
Comparative-typological studies: V.G. Gaka, E.H. Bulatnikova, A.B. Maitova, I.N. Pozdnysheva, A.G. Fayzullina.
The theoretical significance of the work lies in the use of a cognitive-discursive approach to the description of industry terminology, in identifying similarities and differences in the functioning of the term in the discourse of languages with different structures, which creates the basis for the further development of not only the general theory of the term, but also the theory of comparative terminology in general.
The practical value of the work lies in the fact that the findings of the study can be used in special courses on terminology, lexicology, comparative linguistics, regional studies, as well as in the practice of teaching the German language to students of the specialties "Automobile service", "Special purpose vehicles", "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes”.
The material presented in the work can be used to compile manuals, textbooks and dictionaries for the indicated specialties. In addition, the results of the study can serve as a basis for further analysis of terminology in a discursive aspect. The following provisions are put forward for defense:
1. The set of automotive terms is an open, established, dynamically developing terminological system, important in communicative and cultural-historical terms for native speakers of both German and Russian.
2. The studied terminology in the languages being compared has a clear structure, which is confirmed by the presence of four general thematic groups: “Car design”, “Technical operation”, “Road transportation”, “Automobile production” - and ten subgroups. The most numerous in both languages is the group "Car design", the terms of this thematic group form the core part of the terminology and reflect the key concepts of the industry.
3. The main structural types of automotive terms in German and Russian are the same: single-word terms (root, affix, composites, abbreviations) and non-single-word terms (terminological combinations). However, in German, in accordance with its typological characteristics, the predominant structural class is terms-composites, in Russian - two-component terminological combinations. At the same time, the components of both the composites of the German language and the phrases of the Russian language are connected by attributive relations, which in principle is typical for terminology.
4. A comparative study of synonymy revealed the following feature. In both languages, synonymy in automotive terminology is represented by variant terms and doublet terms. The synonymic rows of doublet terms in German consist of 2-6 members, mostly composites with a common term element, which is due to the grammatical specifics of the language. Synonymic rows in the Russian language are represented by pairs of single-word doublets and terminological phrases that enter into synonymous relations both with single-word terms and with each other. The most common type of term-variants of the compared languages is elliptical. Among the terms-antonyms in both languages, the conversion type is productive.
5. The two main areas of functioning of automotive terms are special (educational, scientific, industrial automotive discourses) and media (automotive media discourse). The basic concept of automotive media discourse is a car, so terminological and non-terminological (discursive) nominations of this concept are active in it.
The lexical core of the automotive media discourse in the compared languages is formed by terms of wide use, the perinuclear zone is occupied by highly specialized terms and nomenclature units. On the periphery are professionalisms and metaphorical designations of terminological concepts.
6. A characteristic feature of automotive media discourse in both German and Russian is metaphor. A large number of metaphors are due to the comparison of a car with a person, his body, and the surrounding reality. The identified dominant metaphorical models with the source spheres "Man" and "Nature" testify to the anthropocentric nature of metaphors in automotive media discourse. The main principle of the organization of automotive media discourse in the compared languages is the combination of expression and standard.
Approbation of work. The main provisions and conclusions were discussed at meetings of the Department of Stylistics and Language of Mass Communications, Omsk State University. F.M. Dostoevsky.
The materials of the work were reported at the International Conference of Germanists, held with the support of the German DAAD Foundation (St. Petersburg, 2008); International Scientific and Practical Conference "Communicative Aspects of Language and Culture" (Tomsk, 2009); VII International Scientific and Technical Conference "Dynamics of Systems, Mechanisms and Machines" (Omsk, 2009); were covered at the XIV All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference "Issues of modern philology and methods of teaching languages at a university and school" (Penza, 2009); 10th International Conference "Actual Problems of Modern Science" (Samara, 2009); International scientific-practical conference "Heterogeneity and plurality of the German-speaking space" (Ulyanovsk, 2010); International Scientific and Practical Correspondence Conference "Word in the Space of Language" (Ulyanovsk, 2011).
Dissertation structure. The dissertation consists of an Introduction, three chapters with conclusions, a Conclusion and a Bibliography. The main text of the work is set out on 168 pages. The dissertation contains 1 scheme, 14 tables and 2 diagrams, confirming the objectivity of the findings.
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List of references for dissertation research candidate of philological sciences Revina, Yulia Nikolaevna, 2011
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Please note that the scientific texts presented above are posted for review and obtained through original dissertation text recognition (OCR). In this connection, they may contain errors related to the imperfection of recognition algorithms. There are no such errors in the PDF files of dissertations and abstracts that we deliver.
Thema: Mit dem Auto immer mobil zu sein
Subject: Always mobile by car the best German cars
Mit dem Auto kann man immer mobil sein. brauchen keine speziell gebauten Straβen, weil sie mit der entsprechen Ausrüstung. In Deutschland werden von Autos viel gesprochen, denn Deutschland gilt als eine Heimat des Autos. Mindestens wurden hier die ersten Autos gebaut. Und wirklich entstand die Automobilindustrie der Welt nach dem Bau des ersten Autos am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts.
By car, you can always be mobile. Many cars don't need purpose-built roads because they can go almost anywhere with the right equipment. In Germany, people talk a lot about cars, because Germany is considered the birthplace of the car. At least the first cars were built here. Indeed, the automobile industry emerged in the world after the construction of the first automobile in 1885 by Karl Benz at the end of the 19th century.
Nach dem Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts erlebte Automobilindustrie dank Henry Ford entwickelte Massenproduktion der Kraftfahrzeugen einen wesentlichen Aufschwung, der nur . 1950 wurden erstmals weltweit über 10 Millionen Fahrzeuge produziert. Seitdem spielt die Automobilindustrie in vielen Industrieländern solche wie die USA, Deutschland, Japan, Südkorea eine bedeutende . In Deutschland, z.B. mehr als 30% der Bevölkerung.
With the end of the 19th century, the automobile industry took off significantly due to the fact that Henry Ford mass-produced cars and gave them a significant rise in production, which was interrupted only by two world wars. In 1950, for the first time, more than 10 million cars were produced in the world. Since then, the automotive industry has played an important role in many industrialized countries such as the United States, Germany, Japan, South Korea. In Germany, for example, more than 30% of the population work in the auto industry.
In Deutschland spricht man über Autos viel und gern. Solche Popularität des Autos ist durchaus verständlich. In Deutschland ist das Auto eine Art Familienmitglied. Zur gleichen Zeit ziehen die Deutschen vor, einheimische Autos zu kaufen, obwohl die ausländischen zweimal billiger kosten, n des Wagens und ausgestattet. :
In Germany, people talk a lot and willingly about cars. Such popularity of the car is quite understandable. In Germany, the car is a kind of family member. At the same time, the Germans prefer to buy domestic cars, although the cost of foreign ones is two times lower, the dynamic characteristics are not worse, and they are just as well equipped. Let's take a look at the top four German automakers from a customer perspective:
Audi ist auf jeden Fall eines der besten Wagen unter den deutschen Automarken mit seinem Fokus auf die Herstellung von Luxusautos. Im Jahr 1909 in Ingolstadt gegründet, hat Audi eine breite Palette von Autos, von Mini-Autos bis große SUVs. Wenn man fragt, , die Antwort lautet, dass jeder Ring steht für die vier der Automobilunternehmen, . Gut aussehende Sport- und Luxus-Autos, zuverlässig und effizient, wie kann Audis nicht der ganzen Welt begünstigt werden?
Audi is by far one of the top four German cars among German car brands with a focus on luxury car production. Founded in 1909 in Ingolstadt, Audi has a wide range of vehicles, from minis to large SUVs. If you ask what the four rings of the Audi emblem mean, the answer is that each ring represents the four car companies that once merged into the "Audi" company. Sports and luxury cars look good, work reliably and efficiently. So who can you sympathize with in the world if not Audi?
Ein anderer Automobilhersteller, der unter vier besten deutschen Automarken ist, ist Mercedes-Benz. Das ist eine der bekanntesten Automarken der Welt. Mercedes-Benz produziert nicht nur Autos, sondern auch und Lastkraftwagen, Busse und andere Fahrzeuge, in ihrer Category sind. Es hat Sitz in Stuttgart und produziert teurere Luxus-Autos in der Welt. Mercedes Benz hat Der Automobilhersteller produziert Autos, die wirklich beschrieben werden können, wie die deutschen Autos aussehen sollten.
Mercedes-Benz is another automaker that is one of the four largest German car brands. This is one of the most famous car brands in the world. Mercedes-Benz produces not only cars, but also trucks, buses and other vehicles that are the best in their category. It has its headquarters in Stuttgart, creating expensive and luxurious cars. Mercedes-Benz has gained popularity not only for its incredible durability, high quality and constant innovation, but also for a wide range of vehicles, from mini cars to the most luxurious cars. This automaker makes cars the way true German cars should be.
BMW ist der dritte auf dem Liste der besten deutschen Autos. 1916 gegründet und mit Sitz in München in der berühmten Hochhaus-Turm das Wahrzeichen der Stadt.. Diese deutsche Automobilmarke ist der ganzen Welt seit dem ersten BMW-Auto anerkannt. BMW produziert auch eine Menge von Luxus-Autos und Rennwagen und Sportautos für den Automobilmarkt. BMW ist einer der beliebtesten deutschen Automarken und wird für herausragende Entwicklungsleistungen bekannt. Aber die Autohersteller ist nicht nur für ihre Autos und SUVs bekannt. Sie produzieren Motorräder mit wirklich unglaublichen Leistungen.
BMW is third in the list of the best German cars. BMW, founded in 1916 and headquartered in Munich in the famous high-rise tower, is a landmark in the city. This German car brand has been recognized all over the world since the first model. BMW has also prepared many luxury cars, racing cars and sports cars for the automotive market. BMW is one of the most popular car brands in Germany and is known for the art of engineering. But BMW is not only a manufacturer of cars and SUVs. BMW also makes motorcycles with incredible power.
"Das Auto des Volkes", so laute der Name von Volkswagen. Dieser deutsche Automobilhersteller produziert Autos von sehr spezifischen Qualität, . Das Werk wurde 1937 von Ferdinand Porsche gegründet, der den legendären VW-Käfer für die Bundesregierung konstruiert hat. Das Unternehmen hat seinen Hauptsitz in Wolfsburg und produziert eine große Auswahl an Fahrzeugen. In der Tat hat der VW-Käfer "Volkswagen" berühmt in der Welt gemacht und man kaum jemanden findet, wer über dieses Auto gehört hat. Volkswagen Group ist der erfolgreichste deutsche Automobilhersteller, der auch SEAT, Skoda, Rolls-Royce, Bentley, Bugatti und Laborghini gekauft hat. Auβwedem hat die Volkswagen Group solche Preise wie "Das Auto des Jahres" und "Das Europäisches Auto des Jahres" mehrere Male gewonnen.
As you know, the Russian language is very rich. It has many different words and constructions. But how does the vocabulary of a language expand? That's right, by borrowing from other languages. Word borrowing is a natural and necessary process of language development. The dictionary of the Russian language has about 107,000 words. Of these, approximately 19,000 words are of foreign origin.
So, for example, words from the German language were also borrowed. This is connected with the common history of Germany and Russia.
The borrowing of German vocabulary into Russian began to occur around the 13th century. But especially many words from the German language got into the Russian language in the 17-18 centuries, both orally and in writing.
Consider the most commonly used borrowed words:
paragraph German Absatz - red line
Indent to the right at the beginning of the first line of some kind. text
iceberg German Eisberg - ice mountain
a large free-floating piece of ice in the ocean or sea
accountant German Buchhalter - lit. book holder
A specialist in financial and commercial reporting at enterprises and institutions
sandwich German Butterbrot, lit. bread and butter.
Snack, which is a slice of bread, usually buttered, on which cheese, sausage or other products are laid
watch German Wache - guard, guard
The composition of the shift on duty
tie German Halstuch - neckerchief, the modern name is borrowed from the French Krawatte
A strip of fabric tied around the neck.
colander German Durchschlag< durchschlagen — пробивать насквозь
A piece of kitchen utensil in the form of a small saucepan or ladle with holes in the bottom
pot German Kasserolle - round cauldron
a container (usually metal) for cooking by cooking on an open fire or in an oven.
resort German Resort< Kur лечение + Ort место
An area with healing natural properties
the hairdresser German Perückenmacher is a wig maker. Modern name Friseur
An expert in shaving, cutting, styling, curling, etc. hair. Previously, the Polish loanword "barber" from the Latin "cheirourgos" was used.
poltergeist from him. poltern - "make noise", "knock" and Geist - "spirit"
Phenomena of seemingly unreasonable movement or disappearance of objects occurring inside residential premises
chair Nzh.-German. Stuhl (since 1319)
A piece of furniture with legs and a back, designed to seat one person.
fireworks it. Feuerwerk
Decorative lights of various colors and shapes, obtained by burning pyrotechnic compositions
mine German Schacht - shaft, well
From this material you will learn about the car in German - its details - both external and internal; useful phrases - which you will definitely need when buying a car, as well as - a lexicon - in case something happens to your four-wheeled friend ...
Vehicles: car
Car types -Wagentypen
1.Cabriolet - das Cabriolet
2. Station wagon - der Kombi
3. Sedan – die Stufenhecklimousine
4. Sports car - der Sportwagen
5. Van (minibus) - der Van
closed body car
1. Trunk - der Kofferraum
2. Rear window - das Heckfenster
3. Headrest - die Kopfstȕtze
4.Seat - der Sitz
5. Side window - das Seitenfenster
6. Windshield - die Windschutzscheibe
7. Steering wheel - das Lenkrad
8. Radiator - der Kȕhler
9. Wheel cap - die Radkappe
10. Tire - der Reifen
11. Cardan shaft - die Kardanwelle
12. Shock absorber - der Stoβdämpfer
13. Exhaust pipe - der Auspuff
14. Catalytic afterburner of exhaust gases (converter) - der Katalysator
Truck- Lastkraftwagen
1. Cabin - das Fahrerhaus
2.Rearview mirror - der Auβenspiegel
3. Body - die Ladepritsche
4.Reversing light - das Rȕcklicht
5. Mudguard - der Schmutzfänger
6. Wing - der Kotflȕgel
BusesAndvans– Nutz-und Freizeitfahrzeuge
1.Caravan house – das Wohnmobil
2. Truck - der LKW
3.Bus - der Bus
4. Van - der Kastenwagen
Vehicles: vehicle device
Crankshaft -Kurbelwelle 
1. Front toe - der Wellenzapfen
2. Neck - der Kurbelwellenzapfen
3. Counterweight - das Gegengewicht
4. Back toe - die Welle
Systemignition- Zȕ ndung
1. Spark plug - die Zȕndkerze
2. Ignition distributor - der Zȕndverteiler
3. Spark gap - die Funkenstrecke
4. Control valve - die Verteilerklappe
5. Breaker –der Unterbrecher
6. Drive shaft - die Antriebswelle
Electronic control system of a passenger car
1. Fuel tank - der Kraftstofftank
2. Brake pedal - das Bremspedal
3. Accelerator pedal - das Gaspedal
4.Battery –die Battery
5. Radiator - der Kȕhler
6.Exhaust pipes - die Auspuffrohre
7. Wiring - die elektrische Verkabelung
8. Electronic control unit - elektronische Steuereinheit
9. Catalytic afterburner of exhaust gases (converter) - der Katalysator
10. Silencer - der Schalldämpfer
Four-stroke internal combustion engine
1. Exhaust gases - die Auspuffgase
2. Return spring - die Rȕckholfeder
3. Spark plug – die Zȕndkerze
4.Camshaft - die Nockenwelle
5. Cylinder - der Zylinder
6.Piston ring - der Kolbenring
7.Piston - der Kolben
8.Oil collector - die Ölwanne
9. Connecting rod - der Pleuel
10. Crankshaft - die Kurbelwelle
11. Drive gear - das Ritzel
Transmission -Getriebe
1. Camshaft –die Schalstange
2.Reverse gear - der Rȕckwärtsgsng
3. Gear lever - der Schalthebel
4. Gear selector fork - die Schaltgabel
5. Drain plug - die Ölablassschraube
6. Clutch release lever – die Kupplungsausrȕckstange
Carburetor -Vergaser
1. Fuel injection pump - die Beschleunigerpumpe
2. Fuel supply – die Kraftstoffzufuhr
3. The valve on the fuel jet of the idle system - das Leerlaufabschaltventil
4.Fuel injection – der Kraftstoffstrahl
5.Vacuum diaphragm - die Vakuummembran
6. Air damper (diffuser)-die Starterklappe
shock absorber- Staβdampfer
1. Liquid tank - das Flȕssigkeitreservoir
2. Hydraulic cylinder – der Hydraulikzylinder
3.Valve - das Ventil
4.Piston - de Kolben
die Windschutzscheibe - windshield
der Scheibenwischer - "janitor", windshield wiper
die Motorhaube - engine/motor hood
der Scheinwerfer - headlight
das Blinklicht - blinker, turn signal with flashing light
der Blinker - signaling device / direction indicator with flashing light
die Stoßstange - bumper
der Reifen - tyre/tire
die Tür - car door
das Lenkrad - steering wheel / steering wheel of a car
das Autodach - car roof
der Autositz - car seat
das rad - wheel
die Heckscheibe - rear window
der Kofferraum - luggage compartment / trunk
das Bremslicht - brake light, brake light
der Benzintank - gas tank
das Gaspedal - gas pedal
der Tachometer (abbreviated: Tacho) - speedometer, speed indicator
die Kupplung - clutch
die Hupe - beep/beep
der Tempomat - Cruise control, Tempomat system
die Bremse - brake, brake mechanism
die Handbremse - handbrake
| car, car |
|
| die Antenne (-n) | antenna |
| das Armaturenbrett (-er) | dashboard |
| die Armlehne (-n) | armrest |
| radiator |
|
| der Kühlergrill (-e) | radiator grille |
| die Battery (-n) | battery |
| brake |
|
| die Handbremse (-n) | hand brake |
| der Ersatzreifen (-) | spare wheel |
| die Gangschaltung (-en) | Transmission |
| das Gaspedal (-e) | gas (accelerator) |
| das Handschuhfach (-fächer) | glove compartment |
| die Motorhaube (-n) | hood |
| car horn |
|
| der Kofferraum (-räume) | trunk |
| die Kopfstütze (-n) | headrest |
| die Kupplung (-en) | clutch |
| das Lenkrad (-rader) | steering wheel |
| der Luftfilter (-) | air filter |
| die Luftung (-en) | air vent |
| die Fussmatte (-n) | mat |
| engine |
|
| die Radkappe (-n) | disc cap |
| tire |
|
| das Rucklicht (-er) | back light |
| der Rucksitz (-e) | back seat |
| der Rückspiegel (-) | rearview mirror |
| der Beifahrersitz (-e) | front passenger seat |
| der Scheibenwischer (-) | windshield wiper (wiper) |
| der Scheinwerfer (-) | headlight |
| turn signal |
|
| das Fernlicht (-er) | high beam |
| das Schiebedach (-dächer) | sunroof |
| der Seitenspiegel (-) | Side mirror |
| der Sicherheitsgurt(-e) | safety belt |
| den Sicherheitsgurt anlegen | fasten your seat belt |
| die Stoßstange (-n) | bumper |
| der Tachometer (-) | speedometer |
| gas tank |
|
| der Wagenheber (-) | jack |
| die Windschutzscheibe(-n) | windshield |
| die Zundung (-en) | ignition |
| die Warnblinkanlage(-n) | alarm |
| das Nummernschild (-er) | license plate |
| TÜV-Plakette(-n) | inspection pass mark |
| safety bag |
|
| das Bremslicht (-er) | stop signal |
Car in German: Faults
Ist Ihr Auto kaputt?- Is your car broken down?
Haben Sie eine Panne?- Do you have a car breakdown?
Mein Auto springt nothing an.- My car won't start.
Mit dem Motor stimmt etwas nicht.- There is something wrong with the engine.
Die Benzinuhr zeigt nicht mehr an.- The fuel gauge is faulty.
Der Blinker funktioniert nur rechts.- Only the right turn signal works.
Die Bremsen sind zu kontrollieren.- The brakes need to be checked.
Die Handbremse funktioniert nicht.- The handbrake does not work.
Die Hupe geht nicht mehr.- The horn does not work.
Die Kupplung funktioniert nicht gut.- The clutch does not work well.
Die Fahrertur klemmt. - The door on the driver's side is stuck.
Das Radio rauscht.- Noises are heard during radio operation.
Die Schaltung klemmt. - When shifting gears wedge.
Der Motor falls aus.- Motor stalls.
Das Gaspedal ist kaputt.- The pedal is broken.
Das Zündschloss ist kaputt.- The ignition lock does not work.
Die Gangschaltung ist nicht in Ordnung.- The speed switch is not fixed.
Würden Sie die Zündung überprüfen? - Could you check the ignition?
Das Fahrlicht vorne links funktioniert nicht. - The left headlight does not work.
Der Reifen ist platt.- The wheel is off.
Der Wagen hat zu wenig Luft in den Reifen.- The wheels are slightly inflated.
Ich habe eine Reifenpanne. - I have a blown/flattened tire.
Ich brauche eine neue Sicherung. - I need a new fuse.
Wie viel wird die Reparatur kosten?- How much will the repair cost?
Bitte den Reifendruck prufen. - Please check your tire pressure.
Bitte den Ölstand prüfen.- Please check the oil level.
sich entscheiden = to decide
PS (Pferdestärke) = horsepower
zufrieden = happy
der Kleinwagen = runabout
niedrig = low
der Motor = engine
der Benzinverbrauch = gasoline consumption
die Kosten = expenses
unattraktiv = unattractive
die Qualität = quality
der Werkstattservice = car service
der Japaner = Japanese
der Kofferraum = trunk
die Höchstgeschwindigkeit = speed limit
gunstig = cheap, building low price)
wichtig = important
bequem = comfortable
wahrscheinlich = probably, probably
Horst, ihr wollt ein neues Auto kaufen, sagt deine Frau. Was fur eins denn? — Horst, your wife says you want to buy a new car. What is it?
— Dieses Mal möchten wir ein kleineres, können uns aber nicht entscheiden . “We want less this time, but we can't decide.
— Du hast doch den neuen corsa. Wie viele PS hatte er noch? — You have a new Corsa. How much horsepower did he have?
— Bist du mit dem Wagen zufrieden? - Are you happy with the car?
— Eigentlich ja. Er ist der teuerste von den Kleinwagen, aber er hat den starksten motor. Übrigens hat er einen ziemlich niedrigen Benzinverbrauch und Niedrigere Kosten pro Monat als der VWPolo. — As a matter of fact, yes. It is the most expensive of the small cars, but it has the most powerful engine. However, it has fairly low fuel consumption and lower monthly costs than the VWPolo.
— Das habe ich auch schon gehört. Der Polo ist für mich wohl einer der unattraktivsten von allen Kleinwagen. Viele sagen, VW bietet bessere Qualitat und einen besseren Werkstattservice als die anderen Firmen. Aber das stimmt doch nicht mehr. Die Japaner zum Beispiel bauen keine schlechteren Autos als die Deutschen. Und ihre Werkstätten sind auch nicht die schlechtesten, habe ich gelesen. letzte Woche habe ich mir mal den neuesten Nissan, den Micra, angesehen. “I have heard that too. Polo for me, perhaps, one of the most unattractive of all subcompacts. Many people say that VW offers better quality and better car service than other companies. But this is no longer true. The Japanese, for example, build cars no worse than the Germans. And their service shops aren't the worst either, I've read. Last week I saw the newest Nissan, the Micra.
— Er hat einen etwas kleineren Kofferraum und eine etwas Niedrigere Höchstgeschwindigkeit als die anderen Kleinwagen, aber dafür den gunstigsten Preis, den Niedrigsten Verbrauch and die Niedrigsten Kosten pro Monat. Das ist mir am Wichtigsten. “It has a slightly smaller trunk and a slightly lower speed limit than other subcompacts, but at the same time lower price, lower fuel consumption and lower monthly costs. For me, this is the most important thing.
— Und wie findest du den neuesten Peugeot? Hast du dir den auch schon angesehen? — And how do you find a new Peugeot? Have you seen him too?
— Ja, der ist sicher der bequemste von allen. Aber du weißt du ja, leider sind die Peugeot-Werkstätten oft teuerer als die anderen und die Peugeot Qualität ist nicht immer die beste. — Yes, it is, of course, the most convenient of all. But you know, unfortunately, Peugeot service shops are often more expensive than others, and Peugeot quality is not always the best.
— Und was macht ihr jetzt? Welchen nehmt ihr? - And what will you do now? Which one will you take?
— Wahrscheinlich den Micra. Aber genau wissen wir es noch nicht. Probably Micra. But we don't know for sure yet.
