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I go to Veprin by car. Seven miles is not a detour, but tenfold mobility and ease of movement in place. The presence of customs and the not always correct attitude of traffic police officers to "foreign" numbers forced us to look not for the shortest, but for the most friendly route. Trial and error led to a road through Smolensk and Belarus with an entrance to Ukraine near Korosten.

Ovruch is the first city I enter after crossing the border. Ovruch (Vruchiy) - one of the oldest cities in Northern Ukraine - is located on the banks of the Noryn River, on hills surrounded by deep and steep ravines. It was first mentioned in the "Tale of Bygone Years" in 977 as the "City of Hands". The Drevlyans lived here at the time. To this day, the remains of a fortress of the 10th century with ramparts and ditches have been preserved in the city. And local historians say that the clinic is located on the site of the royal prison, and modern park- nothing more than a former cemetery. Today it is a small regional center with a population of 16 and a half thousand people.

Temple in the name of St. Basil

Ovruch is located on the Slovechansko-Ovruch ridge, located almost on the border of Ukraine and Belarus, and is a high-altitude ridge 60 km long and 5 km wide in the east to 14-20 km in the west. On all sides, the ridge is surrounded by lowland plains - Polissya swamps. The southern slopes of the ridge are steep, the northern slopes are gentle. There are many ravines, their depth reaches 20-25 m. The territory of the Slovechansko-Ovruch ridge is rich in archaeological monuments: on the banks of the rivers Ubort (10 km west of the ridge) and Noryn, sites of Mesolithic reindeer hunters, settlements of the Bronze Age Corded culture were found. Traces of Neolithic settlements and burial grounds of the 5th - 4th millennium BC. were found on the Castle Hill in Ovruch, artifacts of the Bronze Age (II millennium BC) were also found there.

The main attraction of Ovruch - at least for me - Vasilevsky Church - a real old woman, she is already a thousand years old. She represented the Zhytomyr region at the 100 Wonders of Ukraine competition. Prince Vladimir himself converted the locals to Christian faith, and on the site of a pagan idol, as historians suggest, the foundation of a wooden church was laid, which stood for 100 years before the construction of a stone temple. The walls of the temple are thick, interspersed with pieces of quartzite - fire-resistant materials. During the years of Stalinist repressions, they wanted to destroy the church, it was saved only by the name of the architect-restorer Alexei Shchusev, who was the author of Lenin's mausoleum.

temple walls

From the history of the city of Ovruch.

People have settled in this place since time immemorial. In the 10th century, Ovruch was already a city - it is believed that it was he who replaced the burnt princess Olga in 945 AD. (according to other sources in 946) the Drevlyan capital Iskorosten. So:

945 (946) year. Olga cruelly took revenge on the Drevlyans for the murder of her husband, Prince Igor, setting fire to their capital: "she took the city elders prisoner, and killed other people, gave the third into slavery to her husbands, and left the rest to pay tribute", the whole land of the Drevlyans was annexed to Kyiv lot with the center in the city of Vruchiy (Ovruch). Ovruch is located 45 kilometers from the burnt Iskorosten (Korosten).

969 year. Princess Olga dies.

970 year. Olga's son, Svyatoslav, setting off on a campaign against the Bulgarian kingdom, distributes the lands among his sons. Yaropolk was left in Kyiv, the middle son Oleg was left in Ovruch, and Novgorod departed to Vladimir.

972 year. Svyatoslav dies.

975 year. The Tale of Bygone Years tells that in 975 Oleg killed Lut, the son of the voivode Sveneld, who served Yaropolk and hunted in his forest. Sveneld, who commanded the troops of Yaropolk, allegedly decided to avenge the death of his son.

977 year. Yaropolk and his retinue oppose Oleg and defeat him. Oleg, retreating to the city, fell from the bridge into the moat and was crushed by people falling down. When Oleg's body was brought to Yaropolk, he began to mourn his brother and said to Sveneld: "Look, you wanted this." Prince Oleg Svyatoslavich was buried "on the spot" near Ovruch in a burial mound.

997 year. Grand Duke Vladimir visited Ovruch and founded a wooden church there in the name of St. Basil the Great, whose name he was named at baptism (according to other sources in 989). This church was called Vasilyevsky Golden-domed, as its roof was gilded, and according to legend, it was built on the site of a destroyed idol temple.

1044 year. The chronicle tells that Prince Yaroslav, grieving that his uncle Oleg died in paganism, ordered to dig up his bones, perform a rite of baptism over them and bury them along with Christian princes in tithe church in Kyiv (Vladimir's side-altar church of the Kiev-Sophia Cathedral).

1136 year. The last mention of the Drevlyans in the annals of Kievan Rus: the Kyiv prince Yaropolk gave all their territory to the possession of the Church of the Tithes.

1181. Rurik Rostislavich, together with Svyatoslav and Yaroslav Vsevolodovich and Igor Svyatoslavich and the Polovtsian troops, led by Konchak and Kobyak, captured Kyiv. A co-government was established over the Kyiv lands: Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich sat in Kyiv, and Rurik ruled Belgorod, Ovruch and Vyshgorod.

1190 year. Rurik orders to erect a stone temple on the site of a wooden church. It is believed that it was built by the architect Peter Milong.

1199 year. Roman Mstislavich Volynsky was invited by the people of Kiev and the Black Hoods to reign. He captured his uncle Rurik Rostislavich in Ovruch and tonsured him a monk.

1203. Rurik captures Kyiv, but returns to Ovruch. Roman laid siege to him here and forced him to renounce seniority in favor of Vsevolod Yuryevich Big Nest.

1240. Batu devastates Ovruch, the castle is destroyed.

1321. The Lithuanian prince Gedemin destroys the church of St. Basil to the ground.

1362. Ovruch, along with other southern Russian lands, became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1399. The Crimean Khan Edygei, having defeated the Lithuanian prince Vitovt, destroyed Ovruch.

1471. After the final liquidation of the Kyiv appanage, Ovruch became the center of the eldership as part of the Polish-Lithuanian state.

1545. There are eight churches in Ovruch: Ilyinskaya, Joachim-Anninskaya, Nikolskaya, Pyatnitskaya, Mikhailovskaya, Vasilievskaya, Kozmodamianskaya, Resurrection and three monasteries: Prechistensky, Spassky and Pustynsky.

1605. In the noble Tokarevsky family in Ovruch, a son was born, named Macarius, the future Saint Macarius of Pinsk, the Monk Martyr Kanevsky.

1648. Cossack colonel I. Golota took possession of Ovruch, and until the end of the Russian-Polish war (1667) it remained a hundred city of the Kyiv regiment.

1671. After 10 years of continuous struggle with the Uniates and Dominican monks, Archimandrite Macarius left the monastery, in which there was not a single monk left, and went for spiritual exploits to the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra

1720. There was a castle, a church and a Dominican monastery in Ovruch.

1773. The headman of Ovruch, Jan Stetsky, built a classicist palace on the site of the castle according to the project of the Polish architect Merlini. Now it is a boarding school.

1793. Accession of Ukrainian lands to the Russian Empire.

1797. Ovruch became the county town of the newly formed Volyn province.

1840 On the territory of the Volyn province, the Polish-Lithuanian statute and the Magdeburg Law were abolished.

1846 According to the researcher Verbitsky, the mound near Ovruch, which is considered the grave of Prince Oleg, was excavated in 1846 by order of the Kyiv Archaeological Commission - several arrows and stone hammers were found.

April 27, 1865. Vladimir Germanovich Tan-Bogoraz, revolutionary, publicist, scientist, writer, one of the last leaders of the Narodnaya Volya in Russia (1885-1886), political exile, was born in Ovruch.

1897 There are 3445 Jews in Ovruch (with a total population of 7393 people).

1908-1909. Architect A. Shchusev drew up a restoration project, after which the Vasilyevsky Church was returned to its original appearance. Nearby, the buildings of the Vasilyevsky Monastery have been restored.

During civil war The city changed hands 15 times.

1920 Establishment of Soviet power.

1923 Ovruch district was created in the north-eastern part of the Zhytomyr region, Ovruch becomes a regional center.

1937 By order of Kaganovich, the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral was barbarously blown up.

1993 White stone Preobrazhensky Cathedral rebuilt on the site of the destroyed Soviet times temple. In the 17th century, there was a Jesuit church, which then became a Uniate church, and in the 19th century. was rebuilt into an Orthodox church.

More "from interesting things":

• In the north of the Zhytomyr region in the Ovruch region, the so-called Ovruch language has been preserved, which is connected with the language of Kievan Rus by its roots. A choir has been created at the Kiev University of Culture, performing songs in the Ovruch language.
• Jan Nalepka - Hero Soviet Union and the National Hero of Czechoslovakia, the commander of the Slovak partisan detachment - died from wounds received during the liberation of Ovruch.
• The emblem of Ovruch, depicting Archangel Michael in a red field with a sword and scales in his hands, standing in a cloud, was granted to Ovruch by the Polish king Vladislav IV under the privilege of 1641. In the same form, but with the addition of Russian symbols (double-headed eagle), he entered the national heraldry.

The ancient Drevlyansk city of Vruchiy was first mentioned in The Tale of Bygone Years. The reason for mentioning was not joyful, but quite in the spirit of the times: in 977, under its walls, a battle took place between loving brothers, the sons of Prince Svyatoslav - Oleg and Yaropolk. The price of the issue was high - the Kyiv throne. During the battle, Prince Oleg fell into a defensive ditch and was crushed in the crowd. The chronicle tells that Yaropolk was sad, but apparently not for long. However, he also ended badly. There was also a third brother, Vladimir - the same one who is the Red Sun and the baptist of Russia. During the next battle, Vladimir, not very Christianly, ordered to kill Yaropolk, who came to him for negotiations.

Prince Oleg was originally buried in Ovruch, but then the ashes were transported to Kyiv by Vladimir's son, Yaroslav the Wise.

In the XII-XIII centuries Ovruch was one of the most important centers of Kievan Rus. In 1362, the city became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, since 1569, according to the Union of Lublin, it became part of Poland. After the second partition of the Commonwealth in 1793, it became part of the Russian Empire, where it became the county center.
Since 1641, Ovruch has been using Magdeburg rights.

For the first time, Jews in Ovruch are mentioned in documents from 1629. Even then there was a wooden synagogue in the city. But in 1649, Ovruch became the center of a hundred of the Kyiv regiment, which was subject to the power of Hetman Khmelnitsky.about. Probably the Jewish community ceased to exist at this time.

Again, Jews began to settle in Ovruch around the middle of the 18th century. In 1765, 607 Jews already lived here. There was no independent kahal in the city, the community was a "podkahalik" of Chernobyl and was under the strong influence of the Chernobyl tzaddiks of Tver. Accordingly, almost all Ovruch Jews were Hasidim. Since 1785 Abraham Dov Ber was the rabbi of Ovruch.

In the middle of the 19th century, Ovruch became the center of another Hasidic movement. The son of the third Lubavitcher Rebbe Tsemakh-Tsedek, Rabbi Yosef Yitzhak Schneersohn, settled here and founded his Hasidic court in the city. After him, the dynasty was continued by his son, Nohum Dov Ber, but then this offshoot of Chabad ceased to exist separately.

In 1857, 2,220 Jews lived in Ovruch. There were 4 synagogues, heders, an almshouse.

In 1883, about 20,750 Jews lived in the Ovruch district, who almost completely monopolized petty trade and handicraft activities. In addition, in the villages surrounding Ovruch, 42 Jews were engaged in agriculture, despite the fact that the residence of Jews in the countryside was prohibited.

According to the 1897 census, Jews made up 47% of the inhabitants of Ovruch - 3445 people.

In 1910, there were 7 synagogues in Ovruch, a Talmud Torah, a Jewish private male school, and an almshouse. Since 1907 Sh. Kipnis was the rabbi of Ovruch, since 1911 - Shlomo Risin. There was a branch of the Zionist party Poalei Zion, as well as the Bund.

In 1913, Jews owned 2 out of 3 warehouses for pharmaceutical goods, 1 out of 4 libraries, 11 out of 12 hotels, a mill, both printing houses, both taverns, both photo studios, all 3 forest warehouses, and a watch workshop.
Zemstvo doctor and all 3 dentists, 2 out of 4 private attorneys were Jews.
Jews were the owners of almost all shops and shops: all 55 grocery, all 25 manufactory, all 25 flour, all 3 wine and gastronomic, all 4 haberdashery, all 6 hardware, 2 out of 3 bookshops, both lime-cement, both leather, colorful, all 6 meat, all 3 shoe, both stationery and paper, all 9 clothes, all 3 dishes, all 3 fish, the only glass, fruit and hat. As can be seen from the reference book "The entire Southwestern Territory", only trade turned out to be outside the Jewish sphere of activity. lard and sausage.

In 1918, an interesting episode took place in Ovruch. The peasants of the Pokalev volost of the Ovruch district declared the power of the hetman deposed and proclaimed the creation of the Ovruch Republic. The hetman's soldiers preferred to flee. The former political prisoner Dmitryuk, a peasant, was appointed city commissar, and the Jew Friedman was appointed his deputy.

The rebels turned to the Jewish community with a proposal to organize a Jewish combat detachment of 150 people. However, the Jews refused the adventure. As subsequent events showed, perhaps in vain.
Soon after the final fall of the Hetmanate, the majority of the Ovruch population declared their support for the Reds, some called for joining the Directory. The "government" of the Ovruch Republic tried to reason with the countrymen, but it only turned out worse: Dmitryuk was killed, and Fridman managed to escape ...

For 3 years, the power in the city changed 15 times. Almost every such shift was accompanied by Jewish pogroms. An attempt to organize self-defense was not crowned with success.
The bloodiest pogrom was organized by the gang of ataman Kozyr-Zirka. It lasted 17 days, during the pogrom about 80 Jews were killed, all Jewish houses were destroyed.

In 1939, 3862 Jews lived in Ovruch - 33% of the total population. Another 433 Jews lived in the area.
On August 22, 1941, Ovruch was occupied by German troops. Even before the Germans entered the city, local residents staged a Jewish pogrom.
On September 7, 1941, 18 Jews were shot, on September 14, 12 more. The rest of the Jews of Ovruch were imprisoned in the ghetto.
In total, during the occupation in Ovruch, 516 Jews were killed (according to other sources, 407).
In the Ovruch area, the partisan detachment of Moshe Gildenman operated, which was part of the unit of General Saburov as a separate unit.

After the liberation of the city, a certain number of Jews returned here. In the late 1960s, the Jewish population of Ovruch was about 2,000.
In the 1990s, most of the Jews of Ovruch left for Israel and other countries. Today (2017) there is a small Jewish community here.

Sources:
Russian Jewish Encyclopedia;
Jewish pogroms in Ovruch ;
Directory "The entire Southwestern Territory", 1913
Jewish Encyclopedia of Brokgazz and Efron;
Ilya Altman. Holocaust on the territory of the USSR. Encyclopedia".

In 1920, Soviet power was established. The entire communal life of the Jews was completely destroyed.
As of 1926, 3,400 Jews lived in Ovruch.
In 1925, there were still branches of the Zionist organizations "ge-Khalutz" and "ha-Shomer", but by the beginning of the 1930s their activities had ceased.
In the 1920s - 1930s, a Yiddish school operated in Ovruch.
A Jewish collective farm was established near the city.

Ovruch (Ukrainian: Ovruch) is a city in Ukraine known since ancient times, the administrative center of the Ovruch district in the Zhytomyr region. Located on the Norin River (Pripyat basin). Railway junction (lines to Korosten, Kalinkovichi, Yanov, Belokorovichi). The asteroid (221073) Ovruch is named after the city.

Population

First mentioned in The Tale of Bygone Years under the year 977 as the Drevlyansk city of Vruchiy in connection with the death of Prince Oleg Svyatoslavich, the son of Svyatoslav Igorevich, under its walls. Oleg died as a result of the struggle with his brother Yaropolk for the throne of Kyiv (fell on stakes placed in a defensive moat). He was buried in the city, but then his body was transferred to Kyiv. Now in Ovruch there is a monument to Prince Oleg. In the XII-XIII centuries, Ovruch, along with Belgorod and Vyshgorod, was one of the main specific centers of the Kyiv land, allocated by the Grand Duke of Kyiv to his younger relatives as a part in the Russian land, mainly ruled by the princes of the Smolensk branch of the Rurikovich. Ovruch was the center of handicraft production associated with the slate industry in its vicinity. Ovruch slate whorls in the 11th - early 13th centuries had a wide market in the Russian principalities, as well as in Poland, in the Volga-Kama Bulgaria and Chersonese. Ovruch was subjected to the Mongol invasion, then ruled by the Golden Horde Baskaks, in 1362, together with other southern Russian lands, it became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Listed in the chronicle "List of Russian cities near and far" (end of the XIV century). In 1641 the city received Magdeburg rights. Under the terms of the Polish-Lithuanian union of 1569, it became part of Poland. From the second section of the Commonwealth (1793) as part of the Russian Empire. In 1897, 7,393 people lived in the city, including Jews - 3,441, Ukrainians - 3,119, Russians - 649, Poles - 152. In 1911, Nicholas II visited Ovruch.

culture

The city has a local history museum. On the site of the Ovruch castle stands the Transfiguration Cathedral. Of the pre-Mongolian monuments, the church of Vasily of the end of the 12th century has been preserved. It is attributed to the architect Peter Milonega; restored in 1907-09 by the architect A. V. Shchusev. This is a brick 4-pillar cross-domed church with 2 round towers adjacent to the western facade.

Notable natives of the city

Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn from Ovruch - famous Rabbi Bogoraz, Vladimir Germanovich - ethnographer and revolutionary, was born in Ovruch; Lavrynovych, Oleksandr Volodymyrovych - People's Deputy of Ukraine of the VI convocation (Party of Regions faction), First Vice Speaker Verkhovna Rada Ukraine VI convocation; Stefano Ittar - Italian architect, representative of the Sicilian Baroque; Trakhtman, Yaakov-Shmuel Halevi - writer, born in Ovruch. Luchinskaya, Irina Vasilievna - the hero of Ukraine, was born in Ovruch. Shmuylo, Sergei Trofimovich (1907-1965) - Soviet military leader, was born in Ovruch.

City in Ukraine, Zhytomyr region, on the river. Noreen. Railway junction. 18.3 thousand inhabitants (1991). Instrument-making, pyrophyllite plants; food enterprises, flax processing plant. Museum of Local Lore. Known since 977 as Vruchiy. Church… … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

City in the Zhytomyr region of the Ukrainian SSR, on the river. Noreen. Known since the 10th century. Among the architectural monuments is the Church of St. Basil (the end of the 12th century, attributed to the architect Peter Milonega; restored in 1908 12 by the architect A.V. Shchusev), brick ... ... Art Encyclopedia

City, r.c., Zhytomyr region, Ukraine. For the first time it is mentioned in the annals under 977 as the city of Vruchay. Name from other Russian. lie spring, source. The initial O arose later for phonetic reasons. Geographical names of the world: ... ... Geographic Encyclopedia

OVRUCH, a city in Ukraine, Zhytomyr region (see ZHYTOMYR REGION). Population 21.5 thousand people (2001). Center of Ovruch region. Located on the Norin River (in the Pripyat basin). Railway junction. Developed food (canning, dairy ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

City, center of Ovruch district, Zhytomyr region, Ukrainian SSR. Located on the river Norin (Pripyat basin). Railway junction (lines to Korosten, Kalinkovichi, Yanov, Belokorovichi). 14.2 thousand inhabitants (1974). Factories: canning, milk canning, ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

County town of the Volyn province, on the left bank of the Norina River, on the heights, surrounded by deep and steep ravines. Remains of the church of St. Basil, built by St. Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir; a huge mound called Oleg's grave; ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

- (old name Vruchiy) city, r. c. Zhytomyr region Ukrainian SSR, on the river. Norin. In 1959, 11.5 tons. (in 1897 7.4 tons, in 1913 11 tons, in 1935 7.2 tons). Zh. d. Art. First mentioned in the Tale of Bygone Years under 977 (in other sources under 946), destroyed ... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia

- (old name Vruchiy), a city in Western Russian lands on the river. Norin (Zhytomyr region). First mentioned in The Tale of Bygone Years under 977 (in other sources under 946). Destroyed by the Tatars in 1240 and 1299. In 1321 captured by Lithuania, from 1569 by Poland. ... ... Russian history

Ovruch- the name of the human family of the place in Ukraine ... Spelling Dictionary of Ukrainian Movies

Ovruch- city, r.c., Zhytomyr region, Ukraine. For the first time it is mentioned in the annals under 977 as the city of Vruchay. Name from other Russian. lie spring, source. The initial O arose later for phonetic reasons... Toponymic Dictionary

Books

• Save and survive a set of 4 books, Butorin A., Zorich A. and others. A set of 4 books:. 1. "Wedge". 1951 year. Nineteen-year-old student Fyodor Zarubin travels to the Ukrainian town of Ovruch to take his lonely cousin, a former ...
• Obliged to win Set of 4 books , Pervushin A., Pervushina E., Butorin A., Zorich A., Stepanov A.. Package for a set of 4 books:. 1. "Lionheart":. October 2026. A new crisis is brewing in the Zone. Through a spatial portal, an army of unknown creatures entered its territory, ...