) - flight commander of the 143rd Guards Assault Aviation Regiment (8th Guards Assault Aviation Division, 2nd Air Army), Guard Senior Lieutenant, Hero of the Soviet Union. Stripped of his rank in 1948.
Biography
By the end of the war, he had flown 153 combat missions in the Il-2 attack aircraft.
Crime
At the beginning of 1948, in the city of Papa on Ferche Square, the division's political officer, Lieutenant Colonel Vinogradov, found him with a Hungarian girl. In those days, this threatened big trouble, the least - being sent to the USSR and being discharged from the army. Kukushkin was drunk and during a quarrel that broke out he killed a senior officer. After that, he shot himself in the head, but was only wounded.
At the same time, Kukushkin denied his guilt in the murder. He claimed that, having changed duty at the garrison that day, he walked with Vinogradov along Ferche Square, where they were attacked, and was hit in the head from behind, he lost consciousness and did not remember anything else.
On March 9, 1948, the Military Tribunal of the 2nd Air Army sentenced him to 25 years in prison for committing a serious crime. He served his sentence in a camp on the Krasnoyarsk railway.
The verdict stated:
“On October 24, 1947, at 20:30, in the city of Pape, on Ferche Square, being drunk, out of hooligan motives, he fired 3 shots from a pistol that belonged to him at Lieutenant Colonel Vinogradov, who was walking towards him, who died from his wounds 40 minutes later.
After firing shots at Vinogradov, Kukushkin inflicted a self-inflicted gunshot wound in the head area, causing him to fall onto the pavement, where he was picked up by officers who arrived at the scene...”
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 4, 1948, he was deprived of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and state awards.
By the ruling of the military board dated June 19, 1954, the verdict in the case of N.I. Kukushkin was changed - his actions were reclassified as part 1 of the same article and the punishment was reduced to 10 years in prison.
In 1956 he was released early.
After release
After his release from prison, he lived and worked in the village of Prochnookopskaya, Novokubansky district, Krasnodar region.
He got married there and raised children.
Nikolay Kukushkin- neuroscientist, Ph.D. Oxford University and graduate Faculty of Biology and Soils of St. Petersburg State University. Until 2015 - employee Harvard Medical School, is currently engaged in research activities in New York University. Area of scientific interests: cell biology of memory. Author of scientific and popular science articles ( Metropol, RIA Novosti, Health, Slon, WOS, Theories and practices and etc.). Book illustrator Asya Kazantseva “Who would have thought”. Also Nikolay- blogger, DJ and social activist.
Honestly, Nikolay Kukushkin— this is a break in stereotypes about scientists. So we talked to Nikolai Kukushkin about his interests and lectures to better get to know such a multifaceted person from the world of science.
As far as I know, in addition to science, you are also involved in music. How serious?
I do music as an amateur. I am also interested in history, culture, social studies - my range of interests is quite wide.
How did you develop your interest in science?
I grew up in a family of scientists, my father and grandfather are chemists, so I have been interested in this since childhood. I have always understood the work of a scientist and what is needed for this. Also at school I was lucky to have a biology teacher. All this influenced my interest in this area.
Why did you choose neurophysiology?
I didn't choose it initially. For a long time he studied cell biology and medical biochemistry. I am a biochemist by training. I started studying neurobiology only this year, because I realized that I had grown up to this topic, and it was more interesting to me than the topics I had studied before. On the other hand, in neurobiology there are few scientists from the cell biology side - there are more specialists from the field of psychology. So I think I have something to offer in this area.
How did you become a popularizer of science?
It all started with Asi Kazantsova, which involved me in this activity. At first she invited me to illustrate her book, and I did not refuse her. Then she suggested that I contact some editors and try to write articles, since I was involved in blogging. I became interested in writing for publications, I was good at it and began to do more of it.
What research are you currently doing? I saw photos of a large slug on your VKontakte page - can you tell me more about it?
This is our model object in the laboratory, which is convenient for research at the intersection of neural activity and cellular structure. From the point of view of neurophysiology, it is more difficult to study the biochemistry and activity of cells in more developed animals, because there are many cells that are confused with each other, and it is almost impossible to isolate individual elements. In organisms such as gastropods, a simple nervous system consists of only 20 thousand nerve cells, most of which have already been described. My supervisor is a former employee of a Nobel laureate Eric Kandel. Eric Kandel used mollusks to study the mechanism of memory consolidation, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 2000.
Now we are studying memory and learning, studying the molecular processes that affect memory at the level of nerve cells, the influence of growth factors on memory processes.
You summed up your lecture by expressing the following thought: in order for there to be peace on earth and people to interact more effectively, it is necessary to “relax” people’s life models from unnecessary classifications. What do you
Are you going to do further, having come to this thought: continue to delve deeper into the knowledge of this problem? Or should you actively promote relaxation?
This is not my specialty, it is obvious to me: people need to learn more about each other, change their models based on new knowledge. I think if we know more about each other, we will eventually stop dividing people into categories. I would like to contribute to this, including by giving lectures.
Besides relaxation, what other techniques can people use to improve their effectiveness?
Relaxation is a general word that seems good to me because, on the one hand, it describes the physical process of reducing overall energy, searching for optimal interaction of brain cells. On the other hand, there is the spiritual, which says that you don’t need to think about what is not so important. Relaxation is just a word. The most important thing is to understand that any discussion that arises in our heads, no matter how logical it may seem, will be based on old knowledge. If people are ready to believe that with new knowledge something can be changed, then, by being interested in the world around them, humanity will be able to change its attitude towards it.
Do you think that if we get rid of unnecessary models that emphasize both spiritual and physical differences between people, we will turn into like-minded people?
No, I don’t think so at all, because diversity is the most valuable thing in living nature and the human world, and this is what we must accept the fact that people think differently. But all people are people, and there are no differences between them in spiritual values, the difference between us is negligible.
In your opinion, does the relaxation technique pose any dangers?
It seems to me that relaxation is a general principle of how the brain works. The relaxation of one brain may or may not conflict with the relaxation of another. By knowing the relaxation function of another person's brain, we can relax our own brain in a way that does not conflict with the other function. It seems to me that we don’t need to change anything, we already live according to this model. We need to try to include other people’s in our models. If we can do this, then over time we can achieve relaxation in a group of people and, ideally, in the whole world.
03.06.1923 - 02.11.1995
Stripped of the title of Hero
Kukushkin Nikolai Ivanovich – flight commander of the 143rd Guards Assault Aviation Regiment (8th Guards Assault Aviation Division, 2nd Air Army, 1st Ukrainian Front), guard senior lieutenant.
Born on June 3, 1923 in the village of Lava, Promzinsky volost, Alatyr district, Simbirsk province (now Sursky district, Ulyanovsk region). Russian. In 1938 he graduated from 7 classes of school in his native village, in 1940 – 2 years from the Alatyr Pedagogical School. In the summer of 1940 he entered the Alatyr Teachers' Institute, but in December 1940 he dropped out of school. In May 1941 he graduated from the Alatyr Aero Club.
In the army since June 1941. In June 1943 he graduated from the Chkalov Military Aviation School of Pilots (now the city of Orenburg). He underwent retraining in the 10th reserve aviation regiment in Kuibyshev (now the city of Samara).
Participant of the Great Patriotic War: in July 1943 - May 1945 - pilot, senior pilot and flight commander of the 735th (from February 1944 - 143rd Guards) assault aviation regiment. He fought on the Voronezh (July–August 1943), Steppe (August–October 1943), 2nd (October 1943–July 1944) and 1st (July 1944–May 1945) Ukrainian fronts. Participated in the Battle of Kursk, Belgorod-Kharkov, Poltava-Kremenchug, Kirovograd, Korsun-Shevchenko, Uman-Botosha, Lvov-Sandomierz, East Carpathian, Sandomierz-Silesian, Lower Silesian, Berlin and Prague operations.
On February 7, 1944, his plane was shot down by enemy anti-aircraft artillery fire. He made an emergency landing on territory occupied by the enemy, and until March 13, 1944 (before the arrival of Red Army units) he and an air gunner were hiding in the village of Novokonstantinovka (now within the boundaries of the village of Manuylovka, Maloviskovsky district, Kirovgrad region, Ukraine).
In total, during the war he made 157 combat missions on the Il-2 attack aircraft.
For courage and heroism shown in battles with the Nazi invaders, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 27, 1945, Guards Senior Lieutenant Kukushkin Nikolai Ivanovich awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
After the war, until May 1946, he continued to serve in the Air Force as a flight commander of the 143rd Guards Assault Aviation Regiment (in the Central Group of Forces; Austria). Flew on IL-2.
In March 1947 he graduated from the Krasnodar Higher Officer School of Navigators. He continued to serve in the 143rd Guards Attack Aviation Regiment as deputy commander of an air squadron (in the Central Group of Forces; Hungary).
On October 24, 1947, while drunk, in the city of Papa (Hungary) he shot and killed a senior officer (later in court he completely denied his guilt). He was arrested and on March 9, 1948, by the Military Tribunal of the 2nd Air Army, he was sentenced to 25 years in prison and deprived of his military rank. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 4, 1948, he was deprived of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and state awards.
He served his sentence in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. On June 19, 1954, the sentence was changed and the punishment was reduced to 10 years in prison. In 1956 he was released early.
Lived and worked in the village of Prochnookopskaya, Novokubansky district, Krasnodar region. Died November 2, 1995.
Senior lieutenant (1944; dismissed in 1948). He was awarded the Order of Lenin (06/27/1945), 2 Orders of the Red Banner (10/26/1943; 09/05/1944), the Order of Alexander Nevsky (04/25/1945), the Order of the Patriotic War 2nd degree (09/06/1943), medals (deprived of all awards in 1948).
Note: In all likelihood, on March 11, 1985 (on the 40th anniversary of the Victory), N.I. Kukushkin was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree, but no documentary evidence of this could be found.
|
Biography provided |
USSR USSR
Russia, Russia
- Lviv-Sandomierz operation
 |
Stripped of all awards in 1948
Nikolai Ivanovich Kukushkin(-) - flight commander of the 143rd Guards Assault Aviation Regiment (8th Guards Assault Aviation Division, 2nd Air Army), Guard Senior Lieutenant, Hero of the Soviet Union. Stripped of his rank in 1948.
Biography
By the end of the war, he had flown 153 combat missions in the Il-2 attack aircraft.
Crime
Awards
- For the courage and heroism shown in battles with the Nazi invaders, guard senior lieutenant Nikolai Ivanovich Kukushkin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (Gold Star medal No. 7892) by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 27, 1945.
- Order of Lenin (06/27/1945)
- Two Orders of the Red Banner (26.10.1943, 05.09.1944)
- Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree (09/06/1943)
- Order of Alexander Nevsky (USSR) (04/25/1945)
- Medals “For the capture of Berlin”, “For the liberation of Prague” and others.
Write a review of the article "Kukushkin, Nikolai Ivanovich"
Literature
- V. N. Konev. "Heroes without Gold Stars." Moscow, “Yauza”, 2008
- V. E. Zvyagintsev. "Tribunal for 'Stalin's falcons'." Moscow, Terra, 2008
Notes
Links
Excerpt characterizing Kukushkin, Nikolai Ivanovich
Pierre, with confused, myopic eyes, disobeying, looked around him, and suddenly doubt came over him. "Where I am? What am I doing? Are they laughing at me? Will I be ashamed to remember this? But this doubt lasted only for an instant. Pierre looked back at the serious faces of the people around him, remembered everything he had already gone through, and realized that he could not stop halfway. He was horrified by his doubt and, trying to evoke in himself the former feeling of tenderness, he threw himself towards the gates of the temple. And indeed a feeling of tenderness, even stronger than before, came over him. When he had been lying there for some time, they told him to get up and put on him the same white leather apron that the others were wearing, they gave him a shovel and three pairs of gloves, and then the great master turned to him. He told him to try not to stain the whiteness of this apron, which represents strength and purity; then about the unknown shovel he said that he should work with it to cleanse his heart from vices and condescendingly smooth over the heart of his neighbor with it. Then about the first men’s gloves he said that he could not know their meaning, but must keep them, about other men’s gloves he said that he should wear them in meetings, and finally about the third women’s gloves he said: “Dear brother, and these women’s gloves are for you.” the essence is determined. Give them to the woman you will honor the most. With this gift, assure the one whom you choose as a worthy stonemason of the integrity of your heart.” And after being silent for a while, he added: “But be careful, dear brother, that these gloves are not adorned by unclean hands.” While the great master uttered these last words, it seemed to Pierre that the chairman was embarrassed. Pierre became even more embarrassed, blushed to the point of tears, like children blush, began to look around restlessly, and an awkward silence ensued.This silence was interrupted by one of the brothers, who, leading Pierre to the carpet, began to read from a notebook an explanation of all the figures depicted on it: the sun, the moon, the hammer. a plumb line, a shovel, a wild and cubic stone, a pillar, three windows, etc. Then Pierre was assigned his place, they showed him the signs of the box, said the opening word and finally allowed him to sit down. The Great Master began to read the charter. The charter was very long, and Pierre, from joy, excitement and shame, was not able to understand what was being read. He listened only to the last words of the charter, which he remembered.
“In our temples we do not know other degrees,” the great master read, “except those that are between virtue and vice. Beware of making any distinction that might violate equality. Fly to the aid of your brother, no matter who he is, guide the erring one, lift up the falling one, and never harbor anger or enmity against your brother. Be kind and friendly. Stir up the fire of virtue in all hearts. Share your happiness with your neighbor, and may envy never disturb this pure pleasure. Forgive your enemy, do not take revenge on him, except by doing him good. Having thus fulfilled the highest law, you will find traces of the ancient majesty you have lost.”
He finished and, standing up, hugged Pierre and kissed him. Pierre, with tears of joy in his eyes, looked around him, not knowing how to respond to the congratulations and renewal of acquaintances with whom he was surrounded. He did not recognize any acquaintances; in all these people he saw only brothers with whom he was eager to get down to business.
The great master slammed his hammer, everyone sat down, and one read a lesson on the need for humility.
The great master offered to perform the last duty, and an important dignitary, who bore the title of alms collector, began to make the rounds of the brothers. Pierre wanted to write down all the money he had on the alms sheet, but he was afraid to show pride by doing so, and he wrote down the same amount as others wrote down.
The meeting was over, and upon returning home, it seemed to Pierre that he had come from some long journey, where he had spent dozens of years, had completely changed and fell behind the previous order and habits of life.
The next day after being admitted to the lodge, Pierre sat at home, reading a book and trying to understand the meaning of the square, which depicted God on one side, moral on the other, physical on the third, and mixed on the fourth. From time to time he looked up from the book and the square and in his imagination made up a new life plan for himself. Yesterday in the box he was told that a rumor about a duel had reached the sovereign's attention, and that it would be more prudent for Pierre to leave St. Petersburg. Pierre intended to go to his southern estates and take care of his peasants there. He was joyfully pondering this new life when Prince Vasily suddenly entered the room.
– My friend, what have you done in Moscow? Why did you quarrel with Lelya, mon сher? [my dear?] “You are mistaken,” said Prince Vasily, entering the room. “I found out everything, I can tell you correctly that Helen is innocent before you, like Christ before the Jews.” - Pierre wanted to answer, but he interrupted him. “And why didn’t you address me directly and simply as a friend?” “I know everything, I understand everything,” he said, “you behaved as befits a person who values his honor; It may be too hasty, but we won’t judge that. Just remember the position in which you place her and me in the eyes of the whole society and even the court,” he added, lowering his voice. – She lives in Moscow, you are here. Remember, my dear,” he pulled him down by the hand, “there is one misunderstanding here; I think you feel it yourself. Write a letter with me now, and she will come here, everything will be explained, otherwise I’ll tell you, you can get hurt very easily, my dear.
