Development of an optimal technical solution for the manufacture of a boiler house, taking into account all specifications provided by the Customer

Supply of boiler houses

Production, delivery and installation of a boiler room on site

Maintenance of boiler rooms

A complex of technologically related works for servicing your boiler house

About company

Since the summer of 2004, our company has been producing modular boiler plants of the COMPACT container type. Boiler houses COMPACT with a heat output from 100 kW to 20,000 kW are designed for heating and hot water supply of residential, industrial and public facilities, as well as for providing hot water or steam for the technological needs of various industries

What are the boiler rooms

The energy industry requires the use of various types of boilers, classified according to various criteria: the type of fuel used and the coolant, the location, the principle of mechanization or automation, the goals and requirements of customers.

Types of boiler houses by type of fuel:

• gas boilers, their main advantage is efficiency and environmental friendliness. They do not require complex large-sized equipment and can work offline;
• liquid fuel boiler houses - operate on fuel oil, oil, diesel fuel and waste oil, quickly put into operation and do not require permits for their use, connection and are not limited by fuel volumes;
• solid fuel boilers - work on wood, peat, waste from the timber industry, coal. Their "trick" lies in the low cost of fuel and availability, but they require the installation of fuel supply systems and systems for removing ash and slag.

Types of boiler rooms depending on the coolant:

• hot water- boiler houses used in hot water supply and heating systems for residential and non-residential buildings. As a heat carrier, water is used, heated to a maximum of +95 ... + 110 ° С;
• steam- steam is used as a coolant, and most often such boiler houses are equipped in industries;
• combined- they use boilers of both types, moreover, hot water covers the load for ventilation and heating needs and water supply, and steam is used for technological processes;
• oily– diathermic oil and other organic liquids heated to a temperature of +300°C are used as a heat carrier.

Types of boiler rooms depending on their location

1. Block-modular systems have a number of advantages compared to stationary boilers. They are characterized by quick installation and commissioning, the possibility of increasing capacity due to the addition of modular units and autonomy, high coefficient and mobility. They can be attached to the wall, built into it, placed on the roof and in the basement, stand separately from each other.
2. Stationary boiler houses are used when a power of 30 MW or more is required or when it is impossible to build a block-modular system. They are capital, solid and require installation at the work site.

Types of boiler houses according to the degree of mechanization or automation of work processes:

• automated- fully automated and require little or no human intervention;
• mechanized- equipped with mechanized elements - conveyor belts, coal crushers, chip catchers, etc., which greatly facilitates the work of the operator;
• manual- equipped with manual fuel supply modules (trolley or hopper with an external loading system), ash and slag removal is also carried out manually.

Water vapor is used in steam engines, steam power plants of thermal power plants, in technological installations of enterprises, in heating, ventilation and hot water supply systems of industrial, public and residential buildings. Hot water - mainly in the heating and ventilation systems of buildings, as well as to meet the sanitary needs of production and the population. Sometimes - for heat supply of technological consumers. In many cases, steam or hot water produced in boilers is used as a heat carrier to supply heat to heating points called central heating points (CHPs), in which heat exchangers (recuperative or mixing) are installed to heat the water circulating between the CHP and consumers connected to them. (two-circuit schemes). It is also possible to connect consumers to the central heating station through additional heating points (boiler rooms) to supply heat to individual or groups of consumers (three-circuit schemes). See [9] for more details.

Steam and hot water in boiler houses, with the exception of boiler houses with nuclear reactors, are obtained using the heat of combusted organic fuel in special units, respectively called steam, hot water and steam hot water boilers.

Depending on the purpose, boiler houses are divided into energy, industrial, industrial and heating, boiler houses of the public utility sector (KBS) or housing and communal services (HCS). The latter cover the needs of housing and communal services in heat mainly for the purpose of heating and hot water supply. Power boilers are designed to supply steam to turboelectric generators of thermal power plants (TPPs), steam engines. The power boiler house is an integral part of the TPP. Industrial boiler houses provide steam and hot water to technological consumers and systems of heating, ventilation, air conditioning and hot water supply.

In industry, large technological consumers of steam are evaporators, distillation, distillation, drying plants, chemical reactors, plants for sorption-desorption purification of natural gas from hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, washing machines, presses, heated baths of electroplating lines, machines for laminating (coating with polymer films) papers, etc.

In table. Table 1.1 shows some characteristics of the heat consumption of enterprises in various industries [2].

Industrial and heating boiler houses are designed to generate steam or hot water used both in production and for heating industrial, administrative and other buildings on the territory of the enterprise, as well as heating and supplying hot water to nearby residential areas.

Steam boilers are more often installed in industrial and industrial heating boiler houses. In heating boiler houses, they mainly receive hot water intended for heating buildings and satisfying household needs of the population. Therefore, both steam and hot water boilers are used in heating boilers. At modern heat supply stations for housing and communal services - mainly hot water boilers. And the steam boilers available there - to cover the station's own needs, mainly to supply fuel oil facilities with steam (in gas boilers, fuel oil is used as a backup or emergency fuel). A promising direction is the use of combined steam boilers in heating boiler houses. In the last ten years, autonomous rooftop and block-modular boiler houses, steam and hot water plants have also become widespread. Block-modular boiler rooms are assembled at the factory and delivered to the place of their installation assembled. To put them into operation, it is enough to install them after delivery, connect them to consumers and a fuel supply source, and carry out commissioning work in the prescribed manner.

Schematic diagrams of the steam and hot water boiler plant are shown in fig. 1.1 and 1.2.

Depending on the number of consumers connected to the HPU heat supply source, district, group, and individual boiler houses are distinguished [1]. District and group boiler houses are located, as a rule, in separate buildings. Individual - more often in basements or on the roofs of heated buildings. Autonomous automated rooftop boilers operating on natural gas have become widespread only in recent years.

Rice. 1.1. Schematic diagram of a steam boiler house

1 - boiler units; 2 – live steam collector; 3 - reducing installation; 4 - steam collector R= 0.6 MPa; 5 - steam collector R= 0.3…0.12 MPa; 6 – continuous purge separator; 7 - steam-water heaters; 8 - condensate coolers after steam-water heaters; 9 - thermal deaerator; 10 – vapor cooler; 11 - water-water heater; 12 - steam-water heater; 13 - chemical water treatment device; 14 - feed pumps with electric drive; 15 - steam feed pumps; 16 - network pumps; 17 - make-up pump;

symbols of pipelines: T1 - hot water supplied for heating and ventilation (HV); T2 - return water from the heating system; T21 - reverse, after heating in the condensate cooler (OK); T3 - domestic hot water supply, supplying; T4 - return water from the hot water supply system; T5 - hot water for technological needs; T6 - return water after technological needs; T61 - return water after OK; T71 - steam from the boiler; T73 - pair after the reduction device ( R= 0.3…0.12 MPa); T72 - pair after reduction ( R= 0.6 MPa); T74 - steam from the continuous purge separator; T79 - steam from the deaerator; T81 - condensate at R= 0.6 MPa; T82 - condensate at R= 0.2 MPa; T84 - condensate from production; T91 - feed water; T92 - continuous purge; T93 - purge water after evaporation; B1 - raw water from the water supply; B20 - water after chemical water treatment

Rice. 1.2. Principal thermal diagram of a hot water boiler house

1 - hot water boiler; 2 - network pump; 3 - recirculation pump; 4 – recirculation regulator; 5 – network water temperature controller; 6 – vacuum deaerator; 7 – deaerator vapor cooler; 8 - water-water heat exchanger; 9 - pump of chemically purified water; 10 - gas-water ejector; 11 - supply tank of working water; 12 – raw water pump; 13 - heat exchanger-heater of raw water; 14 - transfer pump; 15 – make-up water storage tank; 16 - make-up pump; 17 - water temperature controller in front of the deaerator; a, b - supply and return of hot water from production; c - raw water from the water supply; d - return of network water

Boiler plants, depending on the type of consumer, are divided into energy, production and heating and heating. According to the type of heat carrier produced, they are divided into steam (for generating steam) and hot water (for generating hot water).

Power boiler plants produce steam for steam turbines in thermal power plants. Such boiler houses are equipped, as a rule, with boiler units of large and medium power, which produce steam with increased parameters.

Production and heating boiler plants(usually steam) produce steam not only for production needs, but also for heating, ventilation and hot water supply.

Heating boiler plants(mainly water-heating, but they can also be steam) are designed to service heating systems, hot water supply and ventilation of industrial and residential premises.

Depending on the scale of heat supply, heating boiler houses are divided into local (individual), group and district.

Local heating boilers usually equipped with hot water boilers with water heating up to a temperature of no more or steam boilers with a working pressure of up to. Such boiler houses are designed to supply heat to one or more buildings.

Group heating boiler houses provide heat to groups of buildings, residential areas or small neighborhoods. Such boiler houses are equipped with both steam and hot water boilers, as a rule, with higher heat output than boilers for local boiler houses. These boiler houses are usually placed in special buildings.

District heating boiler houses designed for heat supply of large residential areas; they are equipped with relatively powerful hot water and steam boilers.

Rice. 1.1

On fig. 1.1. a diagram of a district heating boiler house with hot water boilers is shown 1 type PTVM-50 with a heat output of 58 MW. Boilers can run on liquid and gaseous fuels, so they are equipped with burners and nozzles 3 . The air necessary for combustion is supplied to the furnace by blow fans. 4 driven by electric motors. Each boiler has 12 burners and the same number of fans.

Water is supplied to the boiler by pumps 5 driven by electric motors. After passing through the heating surface, the water heats up and enters the consumers, where it gives off part of the heat, and returns to the boiler with a reduced temperature. Flue gases from the boiler are removed to the atmosphere through a pipe 2.

This boiler house has a semi-open type layout: the lower part of the boilers (up to a height of approximately 6 m) is located in the building, and their upper part is outdoors. Blow fans, pumps, as well as a control panel are placed inside the boiler room. A deaerator is installed on the ceiling of the boiler room 6 to remove oxygen from water.

In boiler plants with steam boilers(Fig. 1.2) steam boiler 4 has two drums - upper and lower. The drums are interconnected by three bundles of pipes forming the heating surface of the boiler. When the boiler is operating, the lower drum is filled with water, the upper drum is filled with water in the lower part, and saturated steam in the upper part. In the lower part of the boiler there is a furnace 2 with a mechanical grate for burning solid fuel. When burning liquid and gaseous fuels, nozzles or burners are installed instead of a grate, through which fuel, together with air, is supplied to the furnace. The boiler is limited by brick walls - brickwork.

The working process in the boiler room proceeds as follows. Fuel from the fuel depot is fed by a conveyor to the bunker, from where it enters the grate of the furnace, where it burns. As a result of fuel combustion, flue gases are formed - combustion products burn.

Flue gases from the furnace enter the boiler gas ducts, formed by lining and special partitions installed in pipe bundles. When moving, the gases wash the bundles of pipes of the boiler of the superheater 3, pass through the economizer 5 and the air heater, where they are cooled due to the supply of heat to the water entering the boiler and the air supplied to the furnace.

The cooled flue gases with the help of a smoke exhauster 8 are removed through the chimney 7 into the atmosphere. Flue gases from the boiler can also be discharged without a smoke exhauster under the action of natural draft with a built-in chimney.

Water from the water supply source to the feed pipeline by pump 1 to the water economizer, from where, after heating, it enters the upper drum of the boiler. The filling of the boiler drum with water is controlled by the water-indicating glass installed on the drum.

Rice. 1.2

From the upper drum of the boiler, water descends through pipes into the lower drum, from where it rises again through the left bundle of pipes into the upper drum. In this case, the water evaporates, and the resulting steam is collected in the upper part of the upper drum. Then the steam enters the superheater 3, where it is completely dried by the heat of flue gases, as a result of which its temperature rises.

From the superheater, steam enters the main steam pipeline and from there to the consumer, and after use it condenses and returns in the form of hot water (condensate) back to the boiler room. Losses of condensate at the consumer are replenished with water from the water supply or other sources of water supply. Before entering the boiler, water is subjected to appropriate treatment.

The air necessary for fuel combustion is taken, as a rule, from the top of the boiler room and is supplied by fan 9 to the air heater, where it is heated and then sent to the furnace. In boiler houses of small capacity, air heaters are usually absent, and cold air is supplied to the furnace either by a fan or due to rarefaction in the furnace created by a chimney.

The boiler plant with steam boilers has a closed type layout, when all the main equipment of the boiler house is located in the building.

Boiler plants are equipped with water treatment devices (not shown in the diagram), instrumentation and appropriate automation equipment, which ensures their uninterrupted and reliable operation.

Hot water boiler houses installations are designed to produce hot water used for heating, hot water supply and other purposes.

Rice. 1.1 Boiler room with cast iron hot water boilers 1 bunker for collecting ash and slag; 2-scraper; 3-scraper drive winch; 4 ash collectors of cyclone type; 5-smoke exhauster; 6-brick chimney; 7-boiler; 8-blowing fan; 9-installation of chemical water treatment (filter); 10-channel scraper to remove slag and ash

A hot water boiler house has one heat carrier - water, in contrast to a steam boiler house, which has two heat carriers - water and steam. In this regard, in a steam boiler house, it is necessary to have separate pipelines for steam and water, as well as a tank for collecting condensate.

Hot water and steam boilers differ depending on the type of fuel used, the design of boilers, furnaces, etc. The structure of both a steam and a water-heating boiler plant usually includes several boiler units, but not less than two and not more than four or five. All of them are interconnected by common communications - pipelines, gas pipelines, etc.

Installations operating on nuclear fuel, the feedstock of which is uranium ore, are becoming more widespread.

The building or room in which the boiler plant and auxiliary equipment are located, as well as office premises at separate boiler houses [Terminological dictionary for construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS Gosstroy of the USSR)] ... ... Technical Translator's Handbook

Boiler room Dictionary of Russian synonyms. boiler room noun, number of synonyms: 3 boiler room (2) ... Synonym dictionary

A brokerage firm that uses strong pressure on clients to sell its stock products, usually over the phone. The boiler room is often associated with high commission and illegal representation. Terminological dictionary… … Financial vocabulary

BOILER, oh, oh. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

A complex of buildings and structures, a building or premises with a boiler (heat generator) and auxiliary technological equipment designed to generate heat for the purpose of heat supply. Source: SNiP II 35 76 EdwART. Glossary of terms and ... ... Emergencies Dictionary

Boiler room- - a complex of buildings and structures, a building or premises with a boiler (heat generator) and auxiliary technological equipment designed to generate heat for the purpose of heat supply. [SNiP II 35 76] Heading of the term: Thermal ... ... Encyclopedia of terms, definitions and explanations of building materials

boiler room- 3.4.15 boiler room: A complex of technologically related thermal power plants located in separate industrial buildings, built-in, attached or built-on premises with boilers, water heaters (including installations ... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

The building or premises in which the boiler plant and auxiliary equipment are located, as well as service premises at separate boiler rooms (Bulgarian language; Български) of the boiler room; boiler room (Czech; Čeština) kotelna… … Construction dictionary

boiler room- see: Central Boiler Room ... Dictionary of Russian Argo

boiler room- katilinė statusas T sritis Energetika apibrėžtis Pastatas arba patalpa, kurioje įrengti garo ar vandens šildymo katilai. atitikmenys: engl. boiler house vok. Kesselhaus, n rus. boiler room, franc. bâtiment des chaudières, m; chambre des… … Aiškinamasis šiluminės ir branduolinės technikos terminų žodynas

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• Department, Aleksey Borisovich Salnikov. Igor, in principle, did not expect good things from this work: an abandoned boiler house in the industrial zone, colleagues with wolf tickets, well, what goals and objectives could there be. I need to get drunk, Igor thinks, getting up ...

This article will consider a boiler room in a private house. Namely, we will analyze: types of boiler rooms used in a private house, requirements for a boiler room in a house, general issues of building a boiler room, and other issues.

Depending on the energy source used:

• gas (natural or liquefied gas);
• liquid fuel (diesel fuel, waste oil, fuel oil);
• solid fuel (coal, firewood, peat, coke);
• combined (both gas and liquid fuels);
• electrical (electrical energy).

Depending on the location of the boiler room relative to the house:

• detached, stationary (located in a separate building from a private house);
• built-in (located in a separate room of a private house);
• attached (made in the form of an extension directly to a private house);
• block-modular (the power plant is located in a separate mobile block-container);
• roof (located in the attic of a private house).

Boiler room design.

Design and installation of boiler room equipment is the most important stage in the process of its construction.

To avoid mistakes that can result in financial losses for you, the right decision would be to contact a specialized design and installation organization (hereinafter referred to as the contractor) of this profile. It must be remembered that the contractor must have all the permits for the design and installation work on the construction of the boiler house. Together with the contractor, you will draw up a so-called "technical task" - a list of your wishes for the installation of a boiler room.

Based on the terms of reference, specialists can offer engineering solutions for the construction of a boiler house, make a feasibility study, help with the preparation of technical conditions, develop a project, calculate the load on heating, hot water supply (DHW), etc.

The same organization - the contractor can carry out the coordination and registration of the project with the relevant state bodies.

Subsequently, if you wish, the contractor can provide the boiler room with equipment, its installation, commissioning, commissioning and maintenance.

Depending on your capabilities, qualifications and understanding of the issue, the scope of work performed by the contractor can be ordered from "zero" to "turnkey" delivery, or at the design stage and coordination of the necessary documents with the supervisory authorities. At the same time, you reserve the right to carry out the construction of the boiler room (if it is a separate or attached boiler room), equipment installation and commissioning. You can consider other options with the volume of contract work of these organizations. That is, to approach the attraction of qualified specialists in a differentiated way.

In general, the design of boiler houses is divided into stages:

• obtaining technical specifications;
• calculation and selection of the main equipment;
• execution of working drawings of the boiler room;
• execution of an explanatory note;
• approval and delivery of the project.

The standard design of the boiler house consists of the following parts:

• explanatory note (PZ);
• heat engineering part (TM);
• electrics and lighting of the boiler room (EO);
• automatic safety, regulation and instrumentation (CIP);
• internal gas supply of the boiler house (GSV)
• water supply and sewerage of the boiler house (VK);
• heating and ventilation of the boiler room (OV);
• list of measures for environmental impact assessment (EPM);
• thermal energy metering units (UUT);
• fire and security alarms (ACS).

Choice of boiler type.

When choosing the type of boiler house, the developer needs to solve several basic issues that will determine the space-planning scheme and the constructive solution of the boiler house.

Question 1. What type of energy carrier will be used for the boiler house?

• Gas. It is relatively cheap, it does not need to be constantly brought to the place of consumption, its combustion products are the most environmentally friendly, little soot remains during combustion (the chimney and boiler need to be cleaned less often), etc. A significant complication is the supply of a gas pipeline to the house. The fact that some kind of “gas” pipe runs near your site does not mean at all that you can connect to it. If connection, in principle, is possible, then you will have to communicate closely with representatives of the local gas industry, draw up a lot of documents, permits, agreements, and, of course, pay a certain amount. On average, according to our observations, the cost of gas supply fluctuates around 3-4 thousand US dollars, in time it can take up to 1-2 years. More information about gasification of the house can be found in the article “Gasification of the house. Plan for gasification of private scrap”.

  
  

• Liquid fuel. For heating with liquid fuel, no approvals from any organizations are required. The main task is the timely delivery of diesel fuel. It must be remembered that when planning the site, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of a fuel tanker approaching the fuel tanks, as well as provide for a place for tanks on the site or the possibility of their delivery to the premises. The larger the tanks, the less frequently you fill them up. It is a misconception that diesel fuel combustion products are harmful; with a well-adjusted boiler burner, you will practically not see smoke. But still, once a year you will have to clean the chimney and the boiler itself from soot. Fuel consumption is approximately 1 liter per 10 kW of heat output. It must be remembered that for the smooth functioning of a diesel boiler, the quality of the fuel is of great importance.

  
  

• Heating with electricity. All that is required is to obtain permission from the district power authority to connect. In the case of a single-phase network, everything is very simple, in the case of a three-phase network, documents will have to be drawn up for a long time. Everyone knows the price of electricity. If there is an opportunity for private consumers to use a “double” tariff, i.e. the daily cost of electricity is different from the night (cheaper at night). This will no doubt encourage the use of multiple fuels, such as diesel during the day and electricity at night. Do not forget about the reliable electrical protection of equipment. More information about the supply of electricity to a private house can be found in the articles “Power supply at home. House power supply scheme "
• Heating with solid fuel is the cheapest, but at the same time the most problematic. It is necessary to heat the boiler more or less constantly and manually, moreover, it is more difficult to withstand temperature parameters, fuel reserves must be stored somewhere and constantly replenished. Remember that you will not be able to ensure the operation of the boiler in your absence, at night you will also have to get up from time to time and throw firewood. The frequency of laying firewood, by the way, depends on the operation of the boiler automation, if any. You will have to clean the boiler and chimney often. This type of fuel is suitable, in our opinion, as a spare, or in combination with other fuels, for example, with electricity.

  
  

  In any case, the choice of the type of fuel is dictated by the conditions of the given area, somewhere it is cheaper to heat with gas, somewhere the only fuel is firewood.

Question 2. Home heating mode.

If you're building an occasional home with inexpensive finishes, you can use solid fuel and fire the boiler only during visits. In this case, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of draining water from water supply and sewerage systems. Constant temperature fluctuations and the resulting condensation can seriously spoil the appearance of ceilings and walls (therefore, it is better not to use expensive finishes for episodic residences).

In the case of liquid fuel, gas and electricity, in order to save money, you can use programmable heating modes, for example, the temperature of + 5-10C is maintained in the house all week, by the time you arrive, the boiler heats the house to + 20C or any temperature you set.

Remember that in advance and correctly chosen heating method will significantly save your money and effort.

Question 3. Where will the boiler house be located?

As mentioned above, the boiler room can be located both in a residential building and outside it. Which option to give preference?

• If you are building a new house. In this case, it is advisable in the project to provide for the placement of a boiler room in a separate room of the house in compliance with all norms and rules regarding the organization of heating.
• If your house already exists. But now it became necessary to organize (or modernize) the heating system, and the layout does not allow placing the boiler room inside the house, then it is advisable to place the boiler room in a separate room attached to the house or in a block-modular design.

When choosing this option, additional costs will be required, but this eliminates the inconvenience associated with living under the same roof with a boiler, frees up useful living space, and also solves the problem of fire and explosion safety.

Regulatory requirements for the boiler room.

And now you have decided which heating system you need (for living in the house occasionally or year-round). Then, you have chosen a boiler.

It should be noted that the choice of a boiler mainly depends on the availability of engineering networks near the building site, the characteristics of the site and the house, as well as the financial capabilities of the developer.

But it is quite difficult to find an answer to one of the most important questions in the construction of a boiler house - what are the requirements for the room in which the boiler will be installed.

Attention! When designing and installing heating equipment, it is necessary to strictly follow the requirements of building codes and regulations for boiler rooms.

Let's look at the area and dimensions of the boiler room in a private house, which are required by these rules and regulations, depending on the types of energy carrier used in the heating system.

A. For gas heating equipment (according to DBN V.2.5-20-2001 Gas supply).

Boilers can be placed:

1. on the kitchen with a power of a thermal unit for heating up to 30 kW inclusive, regardless of the presence of a gas stove and a gas water heater;
2. in a separate room on any floor (including the basement or basement), as well as premises attached to residential buildings with a total power for heating and hot water supply systems of more than 30 kW to 200 kW inclusive;
3. in a separate room on the first, basement or basement floor, as well as in rooms attached to a residential building or stand-alone, with their total power for the heating system and hot water supply up to 500 kW inclusive.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS for gas boilers:

When placed in a kitchen, the room must meet the following requirements:

• the height of the room must be at least 2.5 meters;
• the volume of the room is not less than 15 m3, plus 0.2 m3 per kW of the power of the thermal unit for heating;
• in the kitchen, ventilation should be provided at the rate of: extract in the amount of 3 times the air exchange of the room per hour, inflow in the volume of the extract plus the amount of air for gas combustion.

The calculation of the power of the hood is made according to the formula:

M = (SxHx12) + 30%, where:

M - hood power;

S - kitchen area;

H - ceiling height in the kitchen;

12 - every hour (according to SES standards) the air in the room where the gas boiler is located must be updated up to 12 times;

30% is the minimum power reserve required for effective air purification.

Extraction power calculation example:

In the room where the gas boiler is installed, the area is 7 sq.m., the ceiling height is 2.5 m. The exhaust power required for such a room is:

M \u003d (7x2.5x12) + 30% \u003d 273 cubic meters / hour.

Note: it is necessary to take into account the fact that a 30% power reserve is only enough if the hood is located directly above the boiler. In other cases, when calculating the exhaust power, you should add another 15% for each turn of the duct pipe and another 10% for each meter of the duct.

The ventilation duct, based on the provision of 3-fold air exchange, must be brought to the height of the chimney. It is advisable to equip the exhaust opening in the boiler room with a decorative grille at a height of the bottom of the opening not lower than 0.3 m from the ceiling.

When placed in separate built-in and attached premises (with a total thermal power of 30 to 200 kW), the following requirements must be observed:

• the height of the room is not less than 2.5 meters;
• the volume and area of ​​the premises from the conditions of convenient maintenance of thermal units and auxiliary equipment, but not less than 15 cubic meters.
• the room must be separated from adjacent rooms by enclosing walls with a fire resistance limit of 0.75 hours, and the limit of fire propagation along the structure is zero. The walls can be made of brick, cinder block, concrete.
• natural lighting at the rate of 0.03 m2 (windows) per 1 m3 of the room;

Note: with a boiler power of up to 30 kW, the height of the room can be 2.2 meters

When placed in a separate room on the ground floor, in the basement or basement floor of a residential building with a total power of up to 500 kW, the room must meet the following requirements:

When placed in an extension to residential buildings with a total heat output of up to 500 kW, the extension room must meet the following requirements:

• fire resistance of the building must be at least IV degree. These include buildings with load-bearing and enclosing structures made of solid or glued wood and other combustible or slow-burning materials, protected from fire and high temperatures by plaster or other sheet or plate materials. There are no requirements for fire resistance limits and fire propagation limits for roofing elements, while attic wood roofing elements are subjected to fire retardant treatment.
• the extension should be located at the blind part of the wall of the building with a horizontal and vertical distance from window and door openings of at least 1 m;
• the wall of the extension should not be connected with the wall of the residential building, these walls should have different foundations.
• the enclosing walls and structures of the extension must have a fire resistance limit of 0.75 hours, and the limit of fire propagation through the structure is zero;
• The height of the room must be at least 2.5 meters. If the boiler is installed on an elevation, then the height is calculated from the top of this elevation to the ceiling;
• the volume and area of ​​the room is selected from the conditions of convenient maintenance of heat generators and auxiliary equipment;
• natural lighting at the rate of glazing 0.03 m2 per 1 m3 of room volume;
• ventilation should be provided in the room on the basis of: exhaust in the amount of 3 times the air exchange of the room per hour, inflow in the volume of the extract plus the amount of air for gas combustion;
• the walls separating the attached boiler rooms from the main building must be vapor and gas tight.
• When heat generators are placed in a separate room on the first, basement or basement floor, it must have an exit directly to the outside (doors must open outwards). It is allowed to provide a second exit to the utility room, while the door must be a type 3 fire door. Doors must be at least 80 cm wide clear (opening).
• It is categorically not allowed to place gas appliances in the basements and basement floors of the house when using liquefied gas.

B. For heating equipment operating on solid or liquid fuels.

The above requirements for the boiler room for gas boilers also apply to the furnace room for solid and liquid fuel boilers.

However, there are a number of features that must be taken into account when designing and building a boiler room, namely:

B. For electric heating equipment.

Electric boilers designed to work in heating systems have many advantages. The main advantage of these boilers is that a separate room for the boiler room is not required. No chimneys are required and the price of these boilers is relatively inexpensive. Everything would be fine if it were not for the high cost of electricity, especially in comparison with other types of fuel. Due to this drawback, such boilers are expensive to operate, so it is advisable to use them for heating small rooms where it is inefficient to carry out expensive work on connecting other types of heating equipment, or as a backup boiler in systems with a gas boiler, as an alternative source of heat for short time.

The installation of electric boilers is similar to the installation of gas wall-mounted boilers.

When installing an electric boiler, it is necessary to have safety switches and, most likely, laying a separate power line.

The power of wall-mounted electric boilers ranges from 5 to 60 kW, the area heated by them is from 50 to 600 sq.m., which should be quite enough for a country house or cottage.

The power supply of low-power boilers is carried out from a single-phase 220 V or three-phase 380 V electrical network. For the operation of boilers with a power of more than 12 kW, a three-phase network is used. This circumstance requires registration of permits with the relevant authorities for the use of this voltage.

Construction of the boiler room. General recommendations.

It is not so easy to equip a built-in room in a finished private house that fully meets all the requirements.

If there is free space on the site, it is advisable to move the boiler room outside the house, this will be easier and will allow solving a number of problematic issues.

Do not forget that the design of the boiler house will have to be coordinated with the district architect, sanitary and epidemiological authorities and the fire inspectorate.

If you decide to build a separate or attached boiler room on your own, then you should use the articles posted on the site and dedicated to this problem.

1. The choice of the type of foundation for the boiler house building, as well as the basement, is very similar to the choice and construction of the foundation for a bathhouse. This process is very well described in the articles, “The foundation is tape. The device and calculation of the strip foundation ",
2. From what building materials will the walls and roof of the boiler room be built?

   Of course, non-combustible materials should be used here as much as possible. To address these issues, the article “Garage. Construction of a garage on the site. The ideal option would be to finish the walls of the boiler room and the floor with ceramic tiles, which will keep the room properly clean (which is a prerequisite for the trouble-free operation of boiler equipment and will increase the fire safety of the room).

3. Boiler foundation.

   It is advisable to lay the foundation for the boiler separately from the general foundation of the room. This is due to the fact that the boiler, depending on its performance, the material from which it is made, and also taking into account its fittings (boiler piping), is a rather bulky design in terms of weight.

   It is possible to start building the foundation for the boiler after the foundation of the boiler room has been erected.

   It is necessary to take into account the requirements of regulatory documents that the boiler must be installed relative to the floor of the boiler room at a height of 15-20 cm.

   According to the passport data for the boiler and project documentation for the boiler room, you will know the mass of the boiler with fittings. Based on this value, you can use the technology for building a foundation for a stove, which is very detailed and well described in the article “Building a bath with your own hands. The foundation for the bath ". The article presents two types of foundations for light and heavy construction of heating units (up to 150 kg and from 480 kg).

4. Boiler floor installation. The floor is best made of concrete or a cement-sand mixture, since these materials are not combustible, which is required for a class of fire hazardous premises. The technology of these works is well described in the article.